Description of the revised Nakamura's Japanese pollen morphology in English

Revision of Nakamura's (1980) description of
Japanese pollen morphology

GYMNOSPERMAE

Cycadaceae

Cycas

Pollen grains are monocolpate and the shape is oblate. The exine has no layered structure, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is indistinct reticulate.

(1) Cycas revoluta Thunb．

Shown in folder-0001. The grain size is 22.5–30.0 × 17.5–25.0 μm. The sculpture is reticulate and the density of the lumina is 12–15/25 μm². (1977-VII-11, Kochi City)

Ginkgoaceae

Ginkgo

Pollen grains are monocolpate and the shape is oblate with sharp ends. The exine has no layered structure, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is psilate.

(2) Ginkgo biloba Linn．

Shown in folder-0002. The grain size is 32.5–42.5 × 15.0–20.0 μm. (1968-V-3, Kochi City)

Pinaceae

Pinus subgen. Diploxylon

Pollen grains are vesiculate. The corpus has an oval shape and has 2 sacci, smaller than the corpus, one on each side. On the proximal side of the corpus, the exine is 3.0 μm thick, the sculpture is reticulate, and the density of the lumina is 7–10/100 μm². The distal side is psilate. The sacci are formed from the ectexine only, the sculpture is reticulate, and the density of the lumina is 3–4/100 μm².

(3) Pinus densiflora Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0003. The grain size is 32.5–45.0 × 27.0–40.0 μm (corpus only), 52.5–65.0 μm (including sacci). (1970-Ⅳ-18, Kochi City)

(4) Pinus thunbergii Parl.

Shown in folder-0004. The grain size is 30.0–47.5 × 32.5–45.0 μm (corpus only) and 52.5–70.0 μm (including sacci). (1954-IV-20, Kochi City)

(5) Pinus luchuensis Mayr

Shown in folder-0005. The grain size is 40.0–57.5 × 35.0–45.0 μm (corpus only) and 57.5–70.0 μm (including sacci). Rarely, granules may be scattered on the inner surface of the leptoma, but even if present, they are so fine that they disappear with a minimal change in focus when viewed under a microscope. (1972-lV-4, Ishigaki Island)

Pinus subgen. Haploxylon

Pollen grains are vesiculate. The basic shape is similar to subgen. Diploxylon, but with thickening along the boundary where the corpus and sacci join. On the proximal side of the corpus, the exine is 2.8 μm thick, the sculpture is reticulate, and the density of leptoma is 15–20/100 μm². The thickness of the distal pole is 1.0 μm. Granules are scattered on the inner surface of the leptoma.

(6) Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel

Shown in folder-0006. The grain size is 37.5–50.0 × 35.0–52.5 μm (corpus only) and 60.0–82.5 μm (including sacci). (1946-VII-16, Mt. Hakkoda)

(7) Pinus parviflora Siebold et Zucc. var. parviflora

Shown in folder-0007. The grain size is 37.5–50.0 × 32.5–45.0 μm (corpus only) and 52.5–67.5 μm (including sacci). (1946-VII-25, Mt. Hakkoda)

(8) Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0008. The grain size is 37.5–50.0 × 32.5–52.5 μm (corpus only) and 57.5–80.0 μm (including sacci). (1952-VI-20, Matsumoto City, Tsukada)

(9) Pinus amamiana Koidz.

Shown in folder-0009. The grain size is 40.0–50.0 × 32.5–50.0 μm (corpus only) and 57.5–77.5 μm (including sacci). (1957-IV, Kagoshima University, cultivated)

Cedrus

Pollen grains are vesiculate and have the same basic shape as in Pinus. On the proximal side of the corpus, the exine is 3.0–4.0 μm thick and the sculpture is reticulate. The sacci bases on the corpus and the proximal sides join gently. The surface patterns of the corpus and the reticulum of each saccus transition smoothly at this junction. The sculpture is scabrate on the distal side.

(10) Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don

Shown in folder-0010. The grain size is 52.5–67.5 × 42.5–62.5 μm (corpus only) and 77.5–100.0 μm (including sacci). (1969-IV-12, Kitakyushu University, Hatanaka)

Tsuga

Pollen grains are vesiculate. In shape, the polar view of the corpus is circular and the equatorial view is oval. The corpus has dorso-ventral distinction and a fold-like, undeveloped bladder that surrounds a ring with a width of 6.0–10.0 μm along the boundaries of both sides. The exine is 2.0 μm thick on the proximal surface. The surface is covered by a hollow verruca with a diameter of 1.5–3.0 μm and a spinule with a size of 1.0 μm. The verruca covering the surface is thin on the distal surface, and has a thickness of 1.0–1.5 μm.

(11) Tsuga sieboldii Carrière

Shown in folder-0011. The grain size is 56.6–70.4 μm. (1960-IV-5, Ohzu City)

(12) Tsuga diversifolia (Maxim.) Mast.

Shown in folder-0012. The grain size is 57.5–85.8 μm. (1959-V-17, Futatsudake, Ehime Prefecture)

Abies

Pollen grains are vesiculate, and the shape is similar to that in Pinus, but the grains are larger. On the proximal side of the corpus, the exine is 5.0–6.0 μm thick and the sculpture is reticulate or rugulate. The distal side has a thin exine (1.0–1.5 μm) and is scabrate. The saccus is spherical and there are 2–3 or more sacci. A clear constriction occurs at the junction between the corpus and the proximal saccus base. The surface pattern of the corpus and the mesh of each saccus is distinctly different at this junction.

(13) Abies firma Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0013. The grain size is 67.5–87.5 × 50.0–77.5 μm (corpus only) and 70.0–112.5 μm (including sacci). (1970-V-10, Kochi City)

(14) Abies veitchii Lindl.

Shown in folder-0014. The grain size is 70.0–87.5 × 57.5–72.5 μm (corpus only) and 87.5–125.0 (including sacci). (1939-V, Ueda Forestry Office, Nagano Prefecture)

(15) Abies veitchii Lindl. var. reflexa Koidz.

Shown in folder-0015. The grain size is 75.0–115.0 × 65.0–97.5 μm (corpus only) and 97.5–137.5 μm (including sacci). (1952-VII-5, Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture)

(16) Abies homolepis Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0016. The grain size is 87.5–95.0 × 60.0–67.5 μm (corpus only) and 88.7–107.5 μm (including sacci). (1939-V, Ueda Forestry Office, Nagano Prefecture)

(17) Abies mariesii Mast.

Shown in folder-0017. The grain size is 82.5–112.5 × 75.0–90.0 μm (corpus only) and 112.5–150.0 μm. (including sacci). (1978-VI, Mt. Hakkoda, Morita)

Picea

Pollen grains are vesiculate, and the shape resembles that in the genus Abies. On the proximal side of the corpus, the exine is 2.0–3.0 μm thick and the surface pattern is more delicate than that in Abies. On the distal side, the exine is thinner. Granules are scattered on the inner surface of the leptoma. The sacci have a hemispherical shape, and the sacci bases on the corpus and proximal sides join gently. The surface pattern of the corpus and the reticulum of the saccus transition smoothly at this junction.

(18) Picea polita (Siebold et Zucc.) Carrière

Shown in folder-0018. The grain size is 50.0–82.5 × 40.0–75.0 μm (corpus only) and 82.5–115.0 μm (including sacci). (1953-V-20, Tokushima Prefecture, Mt. Tsurugi)

(19) Picea jezoensis (Siebold et Zucc.) Carrière var. jezoensis

Shown in folder-0019. The grain size is 55.0–85.0 × 42.5–80.0 μm (corpus only) and 82.5–115.0 μm (including sacci). (1941-VI-15, Hokkaido Bibai)

(20) Picea jezoensis (Siebold et Zucc.) Carrière var. hondoensis (Mayr) Rehder

Shown in folder-0020. The grain size is 62.5–85.0 × 52.5–82.5 μm (corpus only) and 90.0–117.5 μm (including sacci). (1939-V, Ueda Forestry Office, Nagano Prefecture)

(21) Picea koyamae Shiras.

Shown in folder-0021. The grain size is 60.0–85.0 × 45.0–67.5 μm (corpus only) and 85.0–112.5 μm (including sacci). (1970-V-23, Yatsugatake, Nagano, Kobayashi)

(22) Picea glehnii (F.Schmidt) Mast.

Shown in folder-0022. The grain size is 55.0–75.0 × 42.5–75.0 μm (corpus only) and 82.5–110.0 μm (including sacci). (1968-Ⅵ, Hayachine, Iwate Prefecture, Ishizuka)

(23) Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.

Shown in folder-0023. The grain size is 62.5–85.0 × 47.5–70.0 μm (corpus only) and 92.5–120.0 μm (including sacci). (1945-V-15, Tohoku University)

Larix and Pseudotsuga

Pollen grains are inaperturate, and the shape is spherical and large. The sculpture is psilate and the exine is 2.0–2.5 μm thick.

(24) Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière

Shown in folder-0024. The grain size is 53.3–73.3 μm, and there is an annular thickening on the proximal pole side. (1979-IV-20, Mikawa Village, Ehime Prefecture, M. Yamanaka.)

(25) Pseudotsuga japonica (Shiras.) Beissn.

Shown in folder-0025. The grain size is 77.7–98.0 μm, and there is an unclear thin annular thickening on the proximal side, and a Y-shaped thickening is often found inside. (1932-IV, Kochi Forestry Bureau)

Araucariaceae

Araucaria

Pollen grains are inaperturate, and the shape is spherical. The exine has no layered structure, and it is 2.0–3.0 μm thick on the distal side. The sculpture is scabrate.

(26) Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D. Don

Shown in folder-0026. The grain size is 49.8–66.7 μm. (1945-Ⅳ, Taipei University, Sugihara)

Podocarpaceae

Nageia and Podocarpus

Pollen grains are vesiculate, and the shape of the corpus is elliptical. and has 2 or more sacci, which is the same as the corpus on the left and right, or sometimes 3 or more. On the proximal side, the exine is 1.0–1.5 μm thick but thinner on the distal side. The sculpture of the corpus is reticulate or verrucate on the proximal side. The density of the lumina is 5–7/25 μm². The sculpture of the distal side is scabrate. The sacci consist of only ectexine, the sculpture is reticulate, the muri connect incompletely, and the density of the lumina is 2–3/100 μm².

(27) Nageia nagi (Thunb.) Kuntze

Shown in folder-0027. The grain size is 27.5–35.0 × 22.5–35.0 μm (corpus only), 45.0–65.0 μm (including sacci). (1970-V-6, Kochi City)

(28) Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet f. macrophyllus

Shown in folder-0028. The grain size is 27.5–37.5 × 21.2–37.5 μm (corpus only), 47.5–62.5 μm (including sacci). (1949-V-22, Kochi City)

Sciadopityaceae

Sciadopitys

Pollen grains are monoporate or monocolpate, and the shape is spherical. On the distal side, the leptoma spreads irregularly, and its boundary is clear. On the proximal side, the exine is 2.5–3.0 μm thick but thinner on the distal side (1.0–1.5 μm). The sculpture is verrucate. The verrucae are small on the distal side.

(29) Sciadopitys verticillata (Thunb.) Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0029. The grain size is 36.8–48.3 μm. (1945-V-16, Tohoku University)

Cupressaceae

Juniperus, Thujopsis, Platycladus, Thuja, and Chamaecyparis

Pollen grains are inaperturate, and the shape is spherical. A circular leptoma is visible, depending on the observation direction. The exine has no layered structure, and it is 1.0 μm thick. The sculpture is psilate or scabrate. Granules are irregularly scattered.

(30) Juniperus rigida Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0030. The grain size is 21.0–30.8 μm. (1959-V-18, Ehime prefecture, Besshiyama, T. Yamanaka)

(31) Juniperus conferta Parl.

Shown in folder-0031. The grain size is 21.2–28.2 μm. (1945-VI-15, Arahama, Miyagi Prefecture)

(32) Juniperus chinensis L. var. chinensis

Shown in folder-0032. The grain size is 17.1–21.0 μm. (1978-V-4, Ohzu City, Ehime Prefecture)

(33) Thujopsis dolabrata (L.f.) Siebold et Zucc. var. dolabrata

Shown in folder-0033. The grain size is 25.5–36.8 μm. (1969-II-12, Kochi City)

(34) Thujopsis dolabrata (L.f.) Siebold et Zucc. var. hondae Makino

Shown in folder-0034. The grain size is 28.4–36.8 μm. (1976-Ⅱ-24, Kamazawa, Aomori Prefecture, M. Yamanaka)

(35) Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco

Shown in folder-0035. The grain size is 23.7–32.5 μm. (1977-Ⅲ-5, Kochi City)

(36) Thuja occidentalis L.

Shown in folder-0036. The grain size is 20.0–30.0 μm. (1978-V-13, Ohzu City)

(37) Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold et Zucc.) Endl.

Shown in folder-0037. The grain size is 24.4–30.8 μm. (1977-Ⅲ-5, Kochi City)

(38) Chamaecyparis pisifera (Siebold et Zucc.) Endl.

Shown in folder-0038. The grain size is 23.5-–30.8 μm. (1977-Ⅲ-10, Kochi City)

Cryptomeria, Sequoia, Metasequoia, Glyptostrobus, and Taxodium

Pollen grains are inaperturate, and the shape is spherical. The exine has papillae with slightly curved tips. In Cryptomeria, the leptoma boundary on the distal side is clear. The exine has no layered structure, and it is 1.0 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate. Granules are irregularly scattered.

(39) Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D.Don

Shown in folder-0039. The grain size is 26.7–31.5 μm, and the size of the papillae is 2.0 × 2.0 μm (base diameter × height). (1970-Ⅲ-10, Kochi City)

(40) Sequoia sempervirens (D.Don) Endl.

Shown in folder-0040. The grain size is 24.2–30.8 μm, and the papillae are short at a height of 1.0–1.5 μm. (1956-II-26, Kochi City, cultivated)

(41) Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et W.C.Cheng

Shown in folder-0041. The grain size is 18.7–23.5 μm, and the papillae are 2.0 × 2.0 μm (base diameter × height). (1977-II-8, Asakawa, Tokyo, Morita)

(42) Glyptostrobus pensilis (Staunton ex D.Don) K. Koch

Shown in folder-0042. The grain size is 23.2–31.3 μm and the papillae are 3.0 × 2.0 μm (base diameter × height). (1977-Ⅲ-15, Godaisan, Kochi City, Morita)

(43) Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.

Shown in folder-0043. The grain size is 23.7–29.5 μm and the papillae are 2.5 × 2.0 μm. (1960-II-20, Kochi City)

Cunninghamia

Pollen grains are monoporate, the shape is spherical, and many pollen grains are two-split. There is a pore-like structure in the center of the leptoma, the leptoma does not protrude, and its boundary is clear. The exine has no layered structure, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate. Granules are irregularly scattered.

(44) Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.

Shown in folder-0044. The grain size is 27.5–36.4 μm. (1970-IV-15, Kochi City)

Taxaceae

Torreya, Taxus, and Cephalotaxus

Pollen grains are inaperturate, and the shape is often an angular sphere, which is considered to be a remnant of the pollen tetrad period. The leptoma is unclear. The exine has no layered structure, is easily deformed, and it is 1.0 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate. Granules are irregularly scattered.

(45) Torreya nucifera (L.) Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0045. The grain size is 25.6–35.2 μm. (1945-V-15, Sendai City)

(46) Taxus cuspidata Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0046. The grain size is 22.3–27.6 μm. (1978-Ⅲ-23, Nagoya city, cultivated, Morita)

(47) Taxus cuspidata Siebold et Zucc. var. nana Hort. ex Rehder.

Shown in folder-0047. The grain size is 17.8–26.0 μm. (1978-Ⅲ-23, Nagoya city, cultivated, Morita)

(48) Cephalotaxus harringtonia (Knight ex Forbes) K. Koch var. harringtonia

Shown in folder-0048. The grain size is 17.8–26.9 μm. (1950-V-14, Tomisato, Ehime Prefecture, T. Yamanaka)

(49) Cephalotaxus harringtonia (Knight ex Forbes) K. Koch subsp. hokkaidoensis Silba

Shown in folder-0049. The grain size is 12.7–26.5 μm. (1955-V-23, Mt. Shirakami, Kochi Prefecture, T. Yamanaka)

ANGIOSPERMAE

Cabombaceae

Brasenia

Pollen grains are monocolpate and the shape is oblate. The exine has ectexine = endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is psilate.

(50) Brasenia schreberi J.F.Gmel.

Shown in folder-0050. The grain size is 46.8–63.0 × 30.6–37.8 μm. (1955-VI-29, Saikawa Town, Fukuoka Prefecture, Hatanaka)

Cabomba

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The sculpture is striate, and the direction of the stripes follows the long axis of the grain.

(51) Cabomba caroliniana A.Gray

Shown in folder-0051. The grain size is 82.8–70.2 × 41.4–50.4 μm. (1977-VIII-31. Nagoya Castle, Nagoya City, Morita)

Nuphar

Pollen grains are monocolpate and the shape is oblate. A huge furrow runs around the grain for more than half the circumference. The exine has ectexine < endexine, and it is 1.0 μm thick. The sculpture is echinate with scattered spines of 6.0–8.0 μm in length, and a density of 1–4/100 μm².

(52) Nuphar japonica DC.

Shown in folder-0052. The grain size is 41.4–50.4 × 32.4–36.0 μm. (1977-V-20, Kochi City)

(53) Nuphar pumila (Timm) DC. var. pumila

Shown in folder-0053. The grain size is 39.6–46.8 × 27.0–36.0 μm. (1960-VII, Nemuro City, Hokkaido)

(54) Nuphar pumila (Timm) DC. var. ozeensis (Miki) H.Hara

Shown in folder-0054. The grain size is 41.4–54.0 × 28.3–36.0 μm. (1939-VIII, Ozegahara, Gunma Prefecture)

Euryale

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is oblate. A huge furrow runs around the equatorial plane for more than half the circumference. The exine is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is echinate, and spinules of approximately 1.0 μm are distributed at a density of 5–8/100 μm².

(55) Euryale ferox Salisb.

Shown in folder-0055. The grain size is 36.0–55.8 × 23.4–36.0 μm. (1977-VII-1, Higashiyama Botanical Garden, Nagoya City, Morita)

Nymphaea

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is oblate. A huge furrow runs around the grain for more than half the circumference. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is gemmate or verrucate, often with the presence of bacula and clavae.

(56) Nymphaea tetragona Georgi

Shown in folder-0056. The grain size is 34.2–41.4 × 23.4–32.4 μm. (1977-V-31, Nagoya City Yagoto, Morita)

Schisandraceae

Kadsura and Schisandra

Pollen grains are syncolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular, and that of the equatorial view is suboblate. The number of furrows is 6, of which 3 furrows extend in the polar direction and fuse, whereas the other 3 furrows do not fuse. The furrow width is 1.0 μm and both ends are blunt, and the margines are slightly thickened. The sculpture is reticulate.

(57) Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Shown in folder-0057. The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 16.2–21.6 μm. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the density of the lumina is 5–7/25 μm². (1978-IX-10, Ohzu City)

(58) Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.

Shown in folder-0058. The grain size is 21.1–26.8 × 18.2–22.0 μm. The exine is 2.0–2.5 μm thick, and the density of the lumina is 4–5/25 μm². (1934-VI, Mt. Asama, Nagano Prefecture)

Illicium

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is oblate spheroidal. The furrow is long and reaches the pole, and the polar area is narrow. The margo is not thickened. The exine is tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the density of the lumina is 5–8/25 μm².

(59) Illicium anisatum L.

Shown in folder-0059. The grain size is 21.1–27.8 × 24.0–28.8 μm. (1977-Ⅲ-15, Kochi City)

Sarcandra

Pollen grains are inaperturate, and the shape is spheroidal. The exine is 1.5–2.0 μm thick, and the columellae are short. The sculpture is reticulate.

(60) Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai

Shown in folder-0060. The grain size is 23.4–33.1 μm. The density of the lumina is 5–6/25 μm². (1977-Ⅵ-27, Kochi City)

Chloranthus

Pollen grains are stephanocolpate, and the shape is spheroidal. The number of furrows is 5–6, the exine is 1.5–2.0 μm thick, and the columellae are short. The sculpture is reticulate.

(61) Chloranthus quadrifolius (A.Gray) H.Ohba et S.Akiyama

Shown in folder-0061. The grain size is 20.4–29.2 μm. The density of the lumina is 15/25 μm². (1956-Ⅳ-28, Tomisato, Ehime Prefecture)

(62) Chloranthus serratus (Thunb.) Roem. et Schult.

Shown in folder-0062. The grain size is 17.5–32.9 μm. (1979-Ⅴ-19, Ohzu City)

Saururaceae

Saururus and Houttuynia

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is an irregular sphere. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate.

(63) Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill.

Shown in folder-0063. The grain size is 7.8–16.5 μm. (1963-Ⅶ-10, Kochi City)

(64) Houttuynia cordata Thunb.

Shown in folder-0064. The grain size is 7.9–18.5 μm. (1978-Ⅵ-2, Ohzu City)

Piperaceae

Piper

Pollen grains are monocolpate, the shape is an irregular sphere, and the sculpture is psilate.

(65) Piper kadsura (Choisy) Ohwi

Shown in folder-0065. The grain size is 8.7–17.5 μm. (1975-Ⅵ-15, Usa, Kochi Prefecture)

Aristolochiaceae

Asarum

Pollen grains are stephanoporate, and the shape of the polar view is approximately circular and that of the equatorial view is subspheroidal to suboblate. The pores are 4–5, rarely 3, arranged on the equatorial plane, and the opening of the pores is somewhat unclear. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and is 1.8–2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is gemmate or verrucate, showing a mixture of various forms of gemmae or verrucae.

(66) Asarum nipponicum F.Maek. var. nipponicum

Shown in folder-0066. The grain size is 38.4–44.1 × 32.6–36.4 μm. The sculpture is gemmate, and the density of the gemmae is 4–5/25 μm². (1978-Ⅲ-23, Higashiyama Botanical Garden, Nagoya City, Morita)

(67) Asarum caulescens Maxim.

Shown in folder-0067. The grain size is 36.0–54.0 μm. The sculpture is verrucate, and the density of the verrucae is 5–8/100 μm². (1958-V-18, Muroto Town, Kochi Prefecture)

(68) Asarum sieboldii Miq.

Shown in folder-0068. The grain size is 25.9–40.3 μm. The sculpture is verrucate. (1978-V-6, Mt. Omoshiro, Miyagi Prefecture, Morita)

(69) Asarum asaroides (C.Morren et Decne.) Makino

Shown in folder-0069. The grain size is 25.9–32.6 × 26.9–37.4 μm. The sculpture is gemmate. (1977-Ⅲ, Ise City, Morita)

(70) Asarum asperum F.Maek.

Shown in folder-0070. The grain size is 28.8–35.5 × 24.0–29.7 μm. The sculpture is gemmate. (1979-IV-8, Ohzu City)

(71) Asarum variegatum A.Braun et C.D.Bouché

Shown in folder-0071. The grain size is 24.9–40.3 × 22.0–33.6 μm. The sculpture is gemmate. (1978-IV-26, Sendai City Wild Plants Garden, Sendai, Morita)

Magnoliaceae

Liriodendron

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate and wheat grains. The furrow is long, and the margo is thickened. The exine is 2.0–2.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is verrucate to gemmate.

(72) Liriodendron tulipifera L.

Shown in folder-0072. The grain size is 49.9–67.2 × 38.4–51.8 μm. (1977-V-10, Kochi University)

Magnolia

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate and wheat grains. The furrow is long, and the margo is thickened. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is rugulate to psilate.

(73) Magnolia compressa Maxim.

Shown in folder-0073. The grain size is 38.4–47.0 × 24.0–30.7 μm. The sculpture is rugulate. (1977-VII-31, Chiba City, Tahara)

(74) Magnolia stellata (Siebold et Zucc.) Maxim.

Shown in folder-0074. The grain size is 39.6–48.6 × 27.0–34.2 μm. The sculpture is rugulate. (1977-Ⅲ-20, Kochi City)

(75) Magnolia sieboldii K.Koch subsp. japonica K.Ueda

Shown in folder-0075. The grain size is 44.1–57.6 × 31.6–40.3 μm. The rugulate sculpture is delicate. (1951-VII-24, Nishikuromoriyama, Kochi Prefecture)

(76) Magnolia obovata Thunb.

Shown in folder-0076. The grain size is 69.1–97.5 × 32.6–49.9 μm. The sculpture is psilate. (1978-V-15, Ohzu City)

MONOCOTYLEDONEAE

Acoraceae

Acorus

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is an angular sphere. The layered structure of the exine is unclear, and the sculpture is psilate.

(77) Acorus gramineus Sol. ex Aiton

Shown in folder-0077. The grain size is 10.5–15.3 μm. (1959-Ⅳ-20, Kagamimura, Kochi Prefecture)

(78) Acorus calamus L.

Shown in folder-0078. The grain size is 10.5–10.3 μm. (1960-V-15, Kochi City)

Araceae

Arisaema

Pollen grains are inaperturate, and the shape is spherical. The layered structure of the exine is unclear. Spinules with a height of approximately 0.5 μm are evenly distributed.

(79) Arisaema thunbergii Blume subsp. urashima (H. Hara) H. Ohashi et J. Murata

Shown in folder-0079. The grain size is 10.5–14.4 μm. The density of the spinules is 2–3/25 μm². (Tosayama Village, Kochi Prefecture)

(80) Arisaema sikokianum Franch. et Sav.

Shown in folder-0080. The grain size is 10.5–12.0 μm. The density of the spinules is 4-5/25 μm². (1979-Ⅴ-6, Kagamimura, Kochi Prefecture, M. Yamanaka)

(81) Arisaema iyoanum Makino subsp. iyoanum

Shown in folder-0081. The grain size is 10.5–14.4 μm. The density of the spinules is 4–5/25 μm². (1960-Ⅴ-20, Omogo, Ehime Prefecture)

Pinellia

Pollen grains are inaperturate, and the shape is circular. The sculpture is psilate and 6–8 linear scratches surround the surface.

(82) Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breitenb.

Shown in folder-0082. The grain size is 14.4–20.1 μm. (1978-VII-15, Ohzu City)

Lysichiton

Pollen grains are monocolpate, the outer shape resembles a citrus segment, and the columellae are short. The sculpture of the proximal surface is reticulate and that of the distal surface is scabrate.

(83) Lysichiton camtschatcensis (L.) Schott

Shown in folder-0083. The grain size is 18.2–25.9 × 28.8–36.4 μm. (1969-VI-15, Mt. Hakkoda, Hibino)

Alismataceae

Alisma

Pollen grains are periporate, and the shape is sphere that is close to polyhedron. The pores number 10 or more, the pore diameter is 5.0 μm, the layer of columellae is thickened around the pores forming low muri and surrounding the pores. The pore outlines are clear, and granules are scattered on the upper surface of each pore. The exine is 2.0 μm thick.

(84) Alisma canaliculatum A.Braun et C.D.Bouché

Shown in folder-0084. The grain size is 19.3–29.4 μm. (1970-VIII-16, Kochi City)

Sagittaria

Pollen grains are periporate, and the shape is spherical. The pollen surface has approximately 10 pores, and spinules of 1.0 μm in size and a density of 3–5/25 μm². The pores are slightly indistinct, and the spinules are distributed on the upper surface of each pore. The exine is 1.0 μm thick.

(85) Sagittaria trifolia L. 'Caerulea'

Shown in folder-0085. The grain size is 17.3–22.0 μm. (1977-IV-6, Chayamachi, Okayama Prefecture)

(86) Sagittaria pygmaea Miq.

Shown in folder-0086. The grain size is 22.1–30.4 μm. (1977-VII-9, Kochi City)

(87) Sagittaria aginashi Makino

Shown in folder-0087. The grain size is 22.1–30.1 μm. (1977-IV-5, Odano Town, Oita Prefecture, Hatanaka)

Hydrocharitaceae

Ottelia

Pollen grains are inaperturate, and the shape is spherical. The sculpture is granulate, and spines of 2.0–3.0 μm in size are evenly distributed. The density of the exine is 3–5/100 μm², and the thickness is 1 μm.

(88) Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers.

Shown in folder-0088. The grain size is 36.0–56.8 μm. (1978-IV-17, Sendai City Wild Plants Garden, Morita)

Hydrocharis

Pollen grains are inaperturate, and the shape is spherical. The sculpture is granulate, and spinules with a size of 1.0 μm or less are evenly distributed at a density of 3–4/25 μm².

(89) Hydrocharis dubia (Blume) Backer

Shown in folder-0089. The grain size is 36.0–56.8 μm. (1977-VIII-16, Kochi City)

Scheuchzeriaceae

Scheuchzeria

Pollen grains are dyads, sometimes tetrads, and are inaperturate. The sculpture is reticulate.

(90) Scheuchzeria palustris L.

Shown in folder-0090. The grain size is 18.7–31.5 μm. (1968-VII, Mt. Hakkoda, Hibino)

Juncaginaceae

Triglochin

Pollen grains are inaperturate, and the shape is spheroidal. The sculpture is reticulate.

(91) Triglochin asiatica (Kitag.) A. et D.Löve

Shown in folder-0091. The grain size is 16.2–23.4 μm. (1977-IV-5, Kitakyushu City, Hatanaka)

Potamogetonaceae

Potamogeton

Pollen grains are inaperturate, and the shape is spherical. The sculpture is reticulate, the height of muri is low, and the columellae are dense. The exine is thin, and has ectexine > endexine.

(92) Potamogeton crispus L.

Shown in folder-0092. The grain size is 20.1–27.7 μm. (1960-VI-15, Kochi City)

(93) Potamogeton gramineus L.

Shown in folder-0093. The grain size is 18.8–27.1 μm. (1965-Ⅷ, Mt. Tokachi, Hokkaido)

(94) Potamogeton distinctus A.Benn.

Shown in folder-0094. The grain size is 17.6–23.7 μm. (1960-VI, Kochi City)

(95) Potamogeton cristatus Regel et Maack

Shown in folder-0095. The grain size is 18.2–28.2 μm. (1978-X, Sendai City Wild Plants Garden, Morita)

(96) Potamogeton wrightii Morong

Shown in folder-0096. The grain size is 19.5–26.3 μm. (1977-VIII-16, Kochi City)

Nartheciaceae

Aletris

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The exine is tectate or semi-tectate, and the sculpture is areolate.

(97) Aletris spicata (Thunb.) Franch.

Shown in folder-0097. The grain size is 22.5–27.5 × 12.5–20.0 μm. (1979-VI-8, Ohzu City)

Narthecium

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The furrows are irregular. The exine is semi-tectate, and the columellae are short. The sculpture is reticulate.

(98) Narthecium asiaticum Maxim.

Shown in folder-0098. The grain size is 17.5–22.5 × 12.5–15.0 μm. The density of the lumina is 30/25 μm² or more. (1968-VIII-20, Mt. Hakkoda)

Stemonaceae

Croomia

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The columella is short, the sculpture is reticulate, and the density of lumina is 5–7/100 μm². The distal surface is thinner and more delicate than the proximal surface.

(99) Croomia heterosepala (Baker) Okuyama

Shown in folder-0099. The grain size is 22.5–30.0 × 17.5–25.0 μm. (1972-IV-10, Ohtochi, Kochi Prefecture)

Melanthiaceae

Veratrum

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The furrows are irregular, the exine is semi-tectate and 1 μm thick. The columella is short, the sculpture is reticulate, and the density of the lumina is 12/25 μm².

(100) Veratrum maackii Regel var. reymondianum (O.Loes.) H.Hara

Shown in folder-0100. The grain size is 27.5–37.5 × 15.0–22.5 μm. (1968-IV-30, Mt. Hakkoda, Hibino)

(101) Veratrum oxysepalum Turcz. var. oxysepalum

Shown in folder-0101. The grain size is 35.0–40.0 × 17.5–22.5 μm. (1953-Ⅶ-25, Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture)

(102) Veratrum stamineum Maxim.

Shown in folder-0102. The grain size is 27.9–35.0 × 20.0–25.0 μm. (1968-VI-18, Mt. Hakkoda, Hibino)

Chionographis

Pollen grains are stephanoporate, often with 4 pores, and the equatorial view is suboblate. There is no annulus in the pores, the pore diameter is 2.0–2.5 μm, and the pore openings are somewhat unclear. The exine is semi-tectate and 1.5 μm thick. The columellae are short, and the sculpture is almost uniform verrucate.

(103) Chionographis japonica Maxim.

Shown in folder-0103. The grain size is 12.5–17.5 μm. (1962-Ⅷ-25, Higashiakaishisan, Ehime Prefecture)

(104) Chionographis koidzumiana Ohwi

Shown in folder-0104. The grain size is 15.0–22.5 μm. (1955-Ⅳ-19, Yakushima, Kagoshima Prefecture)

Heloniopsis

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The exine is intact and is 1.0 μm thick. The sculpture is echinate, and the spinules are scattered.

(105) Heloniopsis breviscapa Maxim. var. flavida (Nakai) H.Hara

Shown in folder-0105. The grain size is 35.0–47.5 × 22.5–32.5 μm. The density of the spinules is 4–8/25 μm². (1967-Ⅲ-26, Tosayama Village, Kochi Prefecture)

Colchicaceae

Disporum

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The exine is tectate or semi-tectate, and the sculpture is rugulate.

(106) Disporum sessile D.Don ex Schult. et Schult.f. var. sessile

Shown in folder-0106. The grain size is 32.5–40.0 × 25.0–30.0 μm. (1978-Ⅳ-25, Ohzu City)

(107) Disporum smilacinum A.Gray

Shown in folder-0107. The grain size is 42.5–32.5 × 20.0–25.0 μm. (1941-Ⅵ-20, Mt. Hakkoda)

Smilacaceae

Smilax

Pollen grains are inaperturate, and the shape is spherical. The exine is intectate and is 1.0 μm thick. The sculpture is psilate, and the spinules of approximately 0.5 μm in length are evenly distributed at a density of 7–10/25 μm².

(108) Smilax riparia A.DC.

Shown in folder-0108. The grain size is 20.0–25 μm. (1954-Ⅷ-20, Kochi City)

(109) Smilax china L.

Shown in folder-0109. The grain size is 17.5–22.0 μm. (1978-IV-5, Ohzu City)

(110) Smilax sieboldii Miq.

Shown in folder-0110. The grain size is 17.5–23.7 μm. (1960-V-16, Kochi City)

Liliaceae

Lloydia

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The exine is semi-tectate or tectate, and is 1.8–2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is areolate.

(111) Lloydia serotina (L.) Rchb.

Shown in folder-0111. The grain size is 55.0–42.5 × 25.0–35.0 μm. The density of the lumina is 7–10/25 μm². (1956-VII-5, Hokkaido Mt. Daisetsu)

Lilium and Cardiocrinum

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The exine is semi-tectate, and is 1.5–2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate. The lumen is wide in the central part on the proximal side and gradually decreases toward the peripheral part. The cross section of the columellae composing the muri of the brochi is a mixture of triangles and squares, and there are no granules in the lumina.

(112) Lilium longiflorum Thunb.

Shown in folder-0112. The grain size is 75.0–113.5 × 60.0–80.0 μm, and the density of the lumina is 1–2/100 μm². (1970-VI-8, Kochi City)

(113) Lilium auratum Lindl.

Shown in folder-0113. The grain size is 75.0–95.0 × 50.0–70.0 μm, and the density of the lumina is 3–4/100 μm². (1977-VII-26, Nagoya City Higashiyama Botanical Garden, Morita)

(114) Lilium lancifolium Thunb.

Shown in folder-0114. The grain size is 102.5–85.0 × 60.0–50.0 μm, and the density of the lumina is 4–6/100 μm². (1954-VII-24, Kochi City)

(115) Lilium japonicum Houtt.

Shown in folder-0115. The grain size is 75.0–90.0 × 45.0–57.5 μm, and the density of the lumina is 2–3/100 μm². (1940-Ⅷ-15, Mt. Ishizuchi)

(116) Lilium hansonii Leichtlin ex D.D.T.Moore

Shown in folder-0116. The grain size is 67.5–75.0 × 35.0–50.0 μm, and the density of the lumina is 3–4/100 μm². (1977-VIII-20, Ohzu City, cultivated)

(117) Lilium speciosum Thunb.

Shown in folder-0117. The grain size is 77.5–87.5 × 45.0–52.5 μm, and the density of the lumina is 8–10/100 μm². (1968-VIII-16, Kagami Village, Kochi Prefecture)

(118) Lilium concolor Salisb.

Shown in folder-0118. The grain size is 47.5–72.5 × 30.0–45.0 μm, and the density of the lumina is 5–6/100 μm². (1955-VII-15, Ohnogahara, Ehime Prefecture)

(119) Lilium medeoloides A.Gray

Shown in folder-0119. The grain size is 62.5–70.0 × 37.5–42.5 μm, and the density of the lumina is 4–5/100 μm². (1978-VIII-13, Ohzu City, cultivated)

(120) Cardiocrinum cordatum (Thunb.) Makino

Shown in folder-0120. The grain size is 62.5–75.0 × 37.5–57.5 μm, and the density of the lumina is 11–15/100 μm². (1977-VII-10, Ohzu City)

Tricyrtis

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The exine is tectate, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is areolate, and the density of the lumina is 9–12/25 μm².

(121) Tricyrtis macrantha Maxim.

Shown in folder-0121. The grain size is 55.0–61.2 × 20.0–30.0 μm. (1960-V-15, Sagawa Town, Kochi Prefecture)

(122) Tricyrtis nana Yatabe

Shown in folder-0122. The grain size is 52.5–57.5 × 30.0–37.5 μm. (1937-VII-21, Nametoko, Ehime Prefecture )

(123) Tricyrtis latifolia Maxim.

Shown in folder-0123. The grain size is 47.5–55.0 × 25.0–35.0 μm. (1957-VII-17, Sasakimine, Ehime Prefecture)

Erythronium

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape resembles a citrus segment. The furrow is long and irregular. The exine is semi-tectate, and is 2.0 μm thick on the proximal surface side and 1.5 μm thick on the distal surface side. The sculpture is reticulate.

(124) Erythronium japonicum Decne.

Shown in folder-0124. The grain size is 62.5–85.0 × 35.0–62.5 μm, and the density of the lumina is 58/100 μm². (1978-Ⅳ-24, Shiroishi, Miyagi Prefecture, Morita)

Amana

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The exine is tectate and the sculpture is rugulate.

(125) Amana edulis (Miq.) Honda

Shown in folder-0125. The grain size is 27.5–35.0 × 22.5–25.0 μm. (1937-IV-20, Okutama, Tokyo)

Iridaceae

Iris

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The furrow extends along the long axis. The exine is semi-tectate, and is 1.5–20.0 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the lumen is uniform except for Iris pseudacorus L.

(126) Iris ensata Thunb. var. spontanea (Makino) Nakai ex Makino et Nemoto

Shown in folder-0126. The grain size is 77.5–95.0 × 45.0–55.0 μm, and the density of the lumina is 15/25 μm². (1977-VIII-10, Hiruzen, Okayama Prefecture)

(127) Iris ensata Thunb. var. ensata

Shown in folder-0127. The grain size is 72.5–82.5 × 40.0–50.0 μm, and the density of the lumina is 15/25 μm². (1978-VI-19, Ohzu City)

(128) Iris tectorum Maxim.

Shown in folder-0128. The grain size is 75.0–110.0 × 62.5–87.5 μm, and the density of the lumina is 5–8/100 μm². (1978-IV-24, Ohzu City)

(129) Iris pseudacorus L.

Shown in folder-0129. The grain size is 87.5–105.0 × 60.0–75.0 μm, and the density of the lumina is 5/25 μm² on the proximal side and 10–15/25 μm²on the distal side. (1978-VI-3, Ohzu City)

(130) Iris sanguinea Hornem.

Shown in folder-0130. The grain size is 62.5–75.0 × 47.5–62.5 μm, and the density of the lumina is 15/25 μm². (1978-V-16, Ohzu City)

(131) Iris japonica Thunb.

Shown in folder-0131. The grain size is 55.0–75.0 × 40.0–57.5 μm, and the density of the lumina is 4–5/100 μm². (1978-Ⅳ-25, Ohzu City)

Crocosmia

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The exine is tectate, and it is 2.0–2.5 μm thick. The sculpture is verrucate.

(132) Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora (Lemoine) N.E.Br.

Shown in folder-0132. The grain size is 60.0–66.5 × 35.0–46.5 μm, and the density of the verrucae is 15/25 μm². (1977-VII-1, Kochi City)

Sisyrinchium

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The exine is semi-tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and is 1.5–2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the lumen becomes finer toward the furrow.

(133) Sisyrinchium rosulatum E.P.Bicknell

Shown in folder-0133. The grain size is 32.5–40.0 × 20.0–30.0 μm, and the density of the lumina is 10/25 μm². (1997-V-26, Kochi City)

Xanthorrhoeaceae

Hemerocallis

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The exine is semi-tectate. The sculpture is reticulate, and the lumen is wide in the central part of the proximal side and decreases rapidly toward the peripheral part. The cross section of the columellae composing the muri of the brochi is circular to elliptical, and granules are scattered on the lumina.

(134) Hemerocallis citrina Baroni var. vespertina (H.Hara) M.Hotta

Shown in folder-0134. The grain size is 70.0–75.0 × 45.0–57.5 μm. (1973-VIII-21, Nametoko, Ehime Prefecture)

(135) Hemerocallis major (Baker) M.Hotta

Shown in folder-0135. The grain size is 77.5–87.5 × 42.5–50.0 μm. (1978-VI-4, Ohzu City)

(136) Hemerocallis middendorffii Trautv. et C.A.Mey. var. middendorffii

Shown in folder-0136. The grain size is 62.5–85.0 × 35.0–47.5 μm. (1956-VII, Mt. Daisetsu, Hokkaido)

(137) Hemerocallis middendorffii Trautv. et C.A.Mey. var. esculenta (Koidz.) Ohwi

Shown in folder-0137. The grain size is 77.5–90.0 × 47.5–60.0 μm. (1941-Ⅵ-20, Mt. Hakkoda)

(138) Hemerocallis fulva L. var. littorea (Makino) M.Hotta

Shown in folder-0138. The grain size is 42.5–55.0 × 77.5–90.0 μm. (1960-VIII-16, Shimizu City, Kochi Prefecture)

(139) Hemerocallis fulva L. var. kwanso Regel

Shown in folder-0139. The grain size is 72.5–95.0 × 45.0–65.0 μm. (1978-VII-2, Ohzu City)

(140) Hemerocallis fulva L. var. disticha (Donn ex Ker Gawl.) M.Hotta

Shown in folder-0140. The grain size is 70.7–97.5 × 47.5–67.5 μm. (1977-IV-18, Kochi City)

Amaryllidaceae

Crinum

Pollen grains are dicolpate, and the shape is oblate. The furrow extends in the direction of the long axis and the margo is undeveloped. The exine has ectexine < endexine, and is 2.0 μm thick. Spinules with a size of 1.0 μm are scattered on the pollen surface.

(141) Crinum asiaticum L. var. japonicum Baker

Shown in folder-0141. The grain size is 52.5–60.0 × 35.0–45.0 μm, and the density of the spinules is 4–6/100 μm². (1966-VII-10, Kochi City)

Lycoris

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The furrow extends along the long axis. The exine is semi-tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and is 2 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the lumen on the proximal side is fine and almost uniform, becoming finer toward the furrow on the distal side. On the proximal side, the density of the lumina is 15–20/100 μm².

(142) Lycoris radiata (L'Hér.) Herb.

Shown in folder-0142. The grain size is 60.0–67.5 × 27.5–37.5 μm. (1977-IV-6, Kochi City)

(143) Lycoris sanguinea Maxim. var. sanguinea

Shown in folder-0143. The grain size is 52.5–57.5 × 22.5–35.0 μm. (1977-VIII-10, Hiruzen, Okayama Prefecture)

(144) Lycoris × squamigera Maxim.

Shown in folder-0144. The grain size is 70.0–77.5 × 37.5–47.5 μm. (1978-VIII-12, Ohzu City)

Zephyranthes

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The furrow extends along the long axis. The sculpture is reticulate, and the size of the lumen is almost the same on the proximal side and on the distal side.

(145) Zephyranthes carinata Herb.

Shown in folder-0145. The grain size is 62.5–72.5 × 35.0–45.0 μm, and the density of the lumina is 7–10/100 μm². (1978-VII-20, Ohzu City)

Allium

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape resembles a citrus segment. The exine is tectate, and has ectexine = endexine. The sculpture is rugulate.

(146) Allium victorialis L. subsp. platyphyllum Hultén

Shown in folder-0146. The grain size is 40.0–47.5 × 17.5–27.5 μm. (1941-VII-12, Mt. Hakkoda)

(147) Allium thunbergii G.Don

Shown in folder-0147. The grain size is 32.5–40.0 × 15.0–20.0 μm. (1955-Ⅸ-25, Kochi City)

(148) Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.

Shown in folder-0148. The grain size is 37.5–42.5 × 20.0–27.5 μm. (1955-Ⅸ-13, Kagami Village, Kochi Prefecture)

Asparagaceae

Asparagus

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the outer shape resembles a citrus segment. The exine is tectate, and 1.5 μm thick on the proximal side and 1.0 μm thick on the distal side. The sculpture is areolate.

(149) Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. var. lucidus (Lindl.) Hatus.

Shown in folder-0149. The grain size is 25.0–30.0 × 17.5–22.5 μm, and the density of the lumina is 12–14/25 μm². (1960-V-10, Kochi City)

Hosta

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The exine is semi-tectate, ectexine > endexine, and is 2.0–2.5 μm thick. The columella is short. The sculpture is verrucate to gemmate, and these elements are irregular, 1.0–3.0 μm in size, and distributed at a density of 5–10/25 μm².

(150) Hosta sieboldii (Paxton) J.W.Ingram var. intermedia (Makino) H.Hara

Shown in folder-0150. The grain size is 50.0–60.0 × 72.5–87.5 μm. (1977-VIII-9, Hiruzen, Okayama Prefecture)

(151) Hosta kikutii F.Maek. var. tosana (F.Maek.) F.Maek.

Shown in folder-0151. The grain size is 42.5–60.0 × 62.5–92.5 μm. (1960-VII-20, Tosayama Village, Kochi Prefecture)

(152) Hosta undulata (Otto et Dietr. ex Kunth) L.H.Bailey

Shown in folder-0152. The grain size is 35.0–47.5 × 60.0–72.5 μm. (1978-VIII-11, Ohzu City)

(153) Hosta sieboldiana (Hook.) Engl. var. sieboldiana

Shown in folder-0153. The grain size is 42.5–65.0 × 67.5–87.5 μm. (1978-VIII-ll, Ohzu City)

Comospermum

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The furrows are irregular. The exine is tectate, and it is 1.0 μm thick. The sculpture is areolate.

(154) Comospermum yedoense (Maxim. ex Franch. et Sav.) Rausch.

Shown in folder-0154. The grain size is 25.0–30.0 × 17.5–22.5 μm. The density of the lumina is 12/25 μm². (1960-VIII-15, Tosayama Village, Kochi Prefecture)

Polygonatum

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The exine is tectate or semi-tectate, and the sculpture is rugulate.

(155) Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce var. pluriflorum (Miq.) Ohwi

Shown in folder-0155. The grain size is 47.5–55.0 × 22.5–32.5 μm. (1978-Ⅳ-30, Ohzu City)

Barnardia

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The exine is tectate or semi-tectate, and the sculpture is areolate.

(156) Barnardia japonica (Thunb.) Schult. et Schult.f.

Shown in folder-0156. The grain size is 42.5–47.5 × 20.0–32.5 μm, and the density of the lumina is 15/25 μm². (1978-X-18, Ohzu City)

Liriope

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The exine is tectate and the sculpture is verrucate.

(157) Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H.Bailey

Shown in folder-0157. The grain size is 30.0–37.5 × 22.5–25.0 μm, and the density of the verrucae is 3–5/25 μm². (1978-IV-10, Ohzu City)

Ophiopogon

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The exine is tectate, and the sculpture is rugulate.

(158) Ophiopogon jaburan (Siebold) G.Lodd.

Shown in folder-0158. The grain size is 30.0–37.5 × 20.0–27.5 μm. (1979-IV-15, Ohzu City)

(159) Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker Gawl.

Shown in folder-0159. The grain size is 27.5–35.0 × 17.5–25.0 μm. (1978-VIII-20, Ohzu City)

Maianthemum

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The exine is tectate, and the sculpture is areolate.

(160) Maianthemum japonicum (A.Gray) La Frankie

Shown in folder-0160. The grain size is 42.5–52.5 × 20.0–32.5 μm. (1941-Ⅳ-20, Mt. Hakkoda)

(161) Maianthemum viridiflorum (Nakai) H.Li

Shown in folder-0161. The grain size is 35.0–45.0 × 17.5–25.0 μm, and the density of the lumina is 20/25 μm². (1979-VI-17, Kamikochi, Nagano Prefecture, Morita)

Palmae

Trachycarpus and Livistona

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The exine on the proximal surface is 1.5 μm thick, and the surface pattern is areolate. The exine on the distal surface is thin. The sculpture is scabrate to verrucate.

(162) Trachycarpus fortunei (Hook.) H.Wendl.

Shown in folder-0162. The grain size is 17.2–26.8 × 15.3–20.1 μm. (1960-V-15, Kochi City)

(163) Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R.Br. ex Mart. var. subglobosa (Hassk.) Becc.

Shown in folder-0163. The grain size is 26.8–28.8 × 15.3–21.1 μm. The surface pattern is more delicate than that of Trachycarpus fortunei. (1956-Ⅲ-21, Amami Oshima Naze City)

Commelinaceae

Commelina, Murdannia, and Pollia

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The columellae are short. The sculpture is scabrate, and blunt spinules are distributed on the proximal surface, depending on the genus.

(164) Commelina communis L.

Shown in folder-0164. The grain size is 47.5–35.0 × 25.0–35.0 μm. The spinule size is approximately 1.0–1.5 μm, and the density is 6–7/100 μm². (1979-VII-20, Ohzu City)

(165) Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) Hand.-Mazz.

Shown in folder-0165. The grain size is 32.5–40.0 × 17.5–22.5 μm. The spinule size is less than 1.0 μm, and the density is 8–20/100 μm². (1977-Ⅴ-6, Iwami Town, Nara Prefecture)

(166) Pollia japonica Thunb.

Shown in folder-0166. The grain size is 20.0–25.0 × 12.5–17.5 μm. (1978-VIII-15, Ohzu City)

Pontederiaceae

Monochoria and Eichhornia

Pollen grains are monocolpate, and the shape is oblate. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and its layered structure is unclear. The sculpture is a scabrate.

(167) Monochoria korsakowii Regel et Maack

Shown in folder-0167. The grain size is 45.0–50.0 × 25.0–35.0 μm. (1970-VIII-15, Kochi City)

(168) Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) C.Presl ex Kunth

Shown in folder-0168. The grain size is 45.0–50.0 × 25.0–32.5 μm. (1977-VIII-20, Kochi City)

(169) Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms

Shown in folder-0169. The grain size is 67.5–72.5 × 32.5–40.0 μm. (1977-VIII-23, Kochi City)

Typhaceae

Typha

Pollen grains are tetrads, which sometimes separate and become dyads or monads. Each grain is a spherical to slightly angular sphere and is monoporate. The pore resembles a defective lumen, and has a diameter of 2.0–3.0 μm. The sculpture is reticulate.

(170) Typha latifolia L.

Shown in folder-0170. The grain size is 16.6–26.9 μm. (1972-IV-10, Kochi City)

(171) Typha orientalis C.Presl

Shown in folder-0171. The grain size is 18.1–28.5 μm. (1977-IV-5, Iwami Town, Nara Prefecture)

(172) Typha domingensis Pers.

Shown in folder-0172. The grain size is 17.1–23.8 μm. (1976-VII, Tsushima, Nagoya City, Morita)

Sparganium

Pollen grains are monoporate, and the shape is spherical to slightly angular, resembling pollen in the family Typhaceae. The exine is 2.0–2.5 μm thick, has ectexine ≤ endexine, and the columellae are short. The sculpture is reticulate.

(173) Sparganium erectum L.

Shown in folder-0173. The grain size is 22.5–32.5 μm. (1978-VI-25, Sendai City Wild Plants Garden, Sendai, Morita)

(174) Sparganium glomeratum (Beurl. ex Laest.) L.M.Newman

Shown in folder-0174. The grain size is 24.2–34.7 μm. (1940-VII-10, Mt. Hakkoda)

Eriocauraceae

Eriocaulon

Pollen grains are syncolpate, and the shape is spherical or subspherical. The furrow is spirally wound 3–4 times. Spinules with a height of approximately 1.0 μm are distributed on the surface.

(175) Eriocaulon miquelianum Körn

Shown in folder-0175. The grain size is 21.1–37.4 μm. The density of the spinules is 2–5/25 μm². (1977-IV-25, Mizunami, Aichi Prefecture, Morita)

(176) Eriocaulon taquetii Lecomte

Shown in folder-0176. The grain size is 20.2–28.8 μm. The density of the spinules is 2–5/25 μm². (1977-VIII-31, Nagoya City Yagoto, Morita)

(177) Eriocaulon nudicuspe Maxim.

Shown in folder-0177. The grain size is 20.1–27.8 μm, and the density of the spinules is 5–7/25 μm². (1977-Ⅴ-7, Ohike, Yokkaichi City, Aichi Prefecture, Morita)

Juncaceae

Luzula

Pollen grains are tetrads, and the individual grains are inaperturate. The exine is thin, and the back surface is particularly thin and easy to tear. The sculpture is scabrate.

(178) Luzula plumosa E.Mey. subsp. plumosa

Shown in folder-0178. The grain size is 42.0–45.0 × 32.5–35.0 μm. (1978-V-6, Omoshiroyama, Miyagi Prefecture, Morita)

Cyperaceae

Pollen grains are stephanoporate, and the shape resembles a cannonball formed from an arrowhead and is heteropolar. The pores are unclear, but there is one pore at the bottom of the bullet and multiple pores on the sides. The lateral pores are elliptical to oblong and sometimes groove-shaped. The exine is 1.0–1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate. Within the pores, the sculpture is often rougher than that on the periphery, and it is covered with granules to verrucae.

(179) Cyperus flavidus Retz.

Shown in folder-0179. The grain size is 20.0–27.5 × 25.0–35.0 μm. (1977-VII-28, Kochi City)

(180) Trichophorum alpinum (L.) Pers.

Shown in folder-0180. The grain size is 27.5–35.0 × 32.5–40.0 μm. (1968-VI-15, Mt. Hakkoda, Hibino)

(181) Scirpus wichurae Boeck.

Shown in folder-0181. The grain size is 20.0–25.0 × 23.7–27.5 μm. (1977-VIII-8, Hiruzen, Okayama Prefecture)

(182) Schoenoplectiella hotarui (Ohwi) J.D.Jung et H.K.Choi

Shown in folder-0182. The grain size is 25–32.5 × 35.0–42.5 μm. (1977-VIII-30, Yagotoyama, Nagoya, Morita)

(183) Schoenoplectus triqueter (L.) Palla

Shown in folder-0183. The grain size is 17.5–30.0 × 27.5–48.75 μm. (1977-X-6, Okayama City Hyakkenagawa, Miyoshi)

(184) Eriophorum vaginatum L.

Shown in folder-0184. The grain size is 23.7–32.5 × 27.5–37.5 μm. (1969-VI-6, Mt. Hakkoda, Hibino)

(185) Eriophorum gracile W.D.J.Koch

Shown in folder-0185. The grain size is 25.0–32.5 × 30.0–35.0 μm. (1979-VI-19, Mt. Hakkoda, Morita)

(186) Fimbristylis littoralis Gaudich.

Shown in folder-0186. The grain size is 22.5–27.5 × 22.5–32.5 μm. There is almost no difference between the sculpture of the pore part and the peripheral part. (1977-VII-30, Kochi City)

(187) Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi

Shown in folder-0187. The grain size is 30.0–37.5 × 37.5–50.0 μm. (1977-VIII-16, Kochi City)

(188) Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. et Schult. var. longiseta Svenson

Shown in folder-0188. The grain size is 25.0–30.0 × 25.0–35.0 μm. (1977-VIII-11, Chayamachi, Okayama Prefecture)

(189) Rhynchospora japonica Makino var. japonica

Shown in folder-0189. The grain size is 15.0–21.2 × 20.0–30.0 μm. (1976-VIII, Yagotoyama, Nagoya, Morita)

(190) Carex doenitzii Boeck.

Shown in folder-0190. The grain size is 27.5–42.5 × 32.5–45.0 μm. (1974-V-16, Naruko Town, Miyagi Prefecture, Hibino)

(191) Carex reinii Franch. et Sav.

Shown in folder-0191. The grain size is 20.0–30.0 × 33.7–42.5 μm. (1978-Ⅱ-15, Ohzu City)

(192) Carex nervata Franch. et Sav.

Shown in folder-0192. The grain size is 22.5–32.5 × 28.7–37.5 μm. (1960-Ⅳ-16, Kochi City)

(193) Carex multifolia Ohwi var. multifolia

Shown in folder-0193. The grain size is 18.7–30.0 × 32.5–37.5 μm. (1960-V-16, Tosayama Village, Kochi Prefecture)

(194) Carex conica Boott

Shown in folder-0194. The grain size is 25.0–32.5 × 30.0–42.5 μm. (1950-IV-10, Tosayama Village, Kochi Prefecture)

(195) Carex morrowii Boott var. morrowii

Shown in folder-0195. The grain size is 22.5–27.5 × 30.0–40.0 μm. (1951-Ⅲ-21. Yoshikawa Village, Kochi Prefecture, T. Yamanaka)

(196) Carex wahuensis C.A.Mey. var. bongardii (Boott) Franch. et Sav.

Shown in folder-0196. The grain size is 22.5–35.0 × 37.5–47.5 μm. (1959-II-15, Kochi City, cultivated, T. Yamanaka)

(197) Carex dispalata Boott

Shown in folder-0197. The grain size is 20.0–27.5 × 30.0–37.5 μm. (1960-V-16, Kochi City)

Gramineae

Pollen grains are monoporate, and the shape is spherical to subspherical. There is a clear annulus in the pore, but there are some differences in the degree of development depending on the type. The exine is tectate. The sculpture is verrucate or areolate, and phase contrast microscopy images show that Gramineae pollen can be divided into 3 groups:

Type I: Verruca looks like an independent point.

Type II: Appears as a clear areolate.

Type III: Intermediate type between type I and type II, with independent points and areolae mixed.

In general, the grain size is 20.0–100.0 μm or less. For each species considered, only the grain size, annulus size (diameter × height), and phase contrast microscopy image of the pollen surface are described.

(198) Chimonobambusa marmorea (Mitford) Makino

Shown in folder-0198. The grain size is 32.5–48.9 μm. The size of the annulus is 12.6 μm × 3.6 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1970-Ⅳ-16, Kochi City)

(199) Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J.Houz.

Shown in folder-0199. The grain size is 42.2–63.3 μm. The size of the annulus is 10.8 × 2.0 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1958-VI-21, Motoyama Town, Kochi Prefecture, M. Yamanaka)

(200) Pleioblastus simonii (Carrière) Nakai

Shown in folder-0200. The grain size is 30.4–43.4 μm. The size of the annulus is 10.8 × 3.6 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1977-VI-18, Kochi City)

(201) Pleioblastus argenteostriatus (Regel) Nakai f. glaber (Makino) Murata

Shown in folder-0201. The grain size is 31.8–43.3 μm. The size of the annulus is 11.7 × 3.6 μm, and the surface is type II. (1970-IV-28, Kochi City)

(202) Sasa nipponica (Makino) Makino et Shibata

Shown in folder-0202. The grain size is 31.9–43.7 μm. The size of the annulus is 9.0 × 3.6 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1955-VI-5, Nojimine, Ehime Prefecture)

(203) Sasa kurilensis (Rupr.) Makino et Shibata

Shown in folder-0203. The grain size is 53.8–73.7 μm. The size of the annulus is 13.5 × 5.4 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1956-VII-20, Mt. Daisetsu, Hokkaido)

(204) Sasa borealis (Hack.) Makino et Shibata

Shown in folder-0204. The grain size is 32.6–42.2 μm. The size of the annulus is 10.8 × 2.0 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1959-Ⅴ-31, Mt. Shirakami-san, Kochi Prefecture)

(205) Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald

Shown in folder-0205. The grain size is 27.5–33.8 μm. The size of the annulus is 7.2 × 2.7 μm, and the surface is type II. (1970-V-9, Kochi City)

(206) Deyeuxia matsumurae (Maxim.) Ohwi

Shown in folder-0206. The grain size is 24.3–31.4 μm. The size of the annulus is 7.2 × 2.7 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1940-VII-10, Mt. Hakkoda)

(207) Avena sativa L.

Shown in folder-0207. The size of the grain is 47.5–35.1 × 26.6–41.8. The shape is subspherical, the size of the annulus is 12.6 × 3.6 μm, and the sculpture is type I. (1955-Ⅴ-6, Kataji Breeding Stock Farm in Kochi Prefecture)

(208) Trisetum bifidum (Thunb.) Ohwi

Shown in folder-0208 The grain size is 23.7–33.9 μm. The size of the annulus is 6.3 × 2.0 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1977-V-13, Kochi City)

(209) Phalaris arundinacea L.

Shown in folder-0209. The grain size is 29.1–36.4 μm. The size of the annulus is 9.0 × 3.6 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1978-V-14, Ozu City)

(210) Elymus tsukushiensis Honda var. transiens (Hack.) K.Osada

Shown in folder-0210. The grain size is 32.5–40.0 μm. The size of the annulus is 7.2 × 2.5 μm, and the sculpture is type II or sometimes type III. (1970-V-9, Kochi City)

(211) Hordeum vulgare L. (cv. sakigake)

Shown in folder-0211. The grain size is 34.5–49.9 μm. The size of the annulus is 9.0 × 3.6 μm, and the sculpture is type I. (1955-Ⅳ-13, Kochi City)

(212) Triticum aestivum L. (cv. norin 20)

Shown in folder-0212. The grain size is 49.5–61.2 μm. The size of the annulus is 16.2 × 5.4 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1961-V-10, Kochi Agricultural Experiment Station)

(213) Poa acroleuca Steud.

Shown in folder-0213. The grain size is 20.2–26.9 μm. The size of the annulus is 5.4 × 1.8 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1977-V-9, Kochi City)

(214) Leersia sayanuka Ohwi

Shown in folder-0214. The grain size is 21.3–30.6 μm. The size of the annulus is 7.2 × 2.7 μm, and the sculpture is type I. (1977-IV-27, Fuchu City, Hiroshima Prefecture, Hada)

(215) Leersia japonica (Honda) Makino ex Honda

Shown in folder-0215. The grain size is 24.9–29.7 μm. The size of the annulus is 8.1 × 2.7 μm, the sculpture is type I or type III. (1977-VIII-14, Kitakyushu City Kokura, Hatanaka)

(216) Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz. ex Stapf

Shown in folder-0216. The grain size is 28.7–35.5 μm. The size of the annulus is 8.1 × 2.0 μm, and the sculpture is type II or type III. (1973-VII-15, Kochi City)

(217) Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica (cv. honen wase)

Shown in folder-0217. The grain size is 33.3–36.5 μm. The size of the annulus is 9.0 × 3.6 μm, and the sculpture is type III. (1960-VI-10, Kochi Agricultural Experiment Station)

(218) Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica (cv. SM142)

Shown in folder-0218. The grain size is 32.6–40.3 μm. The size of the annulus is 12.6 × 4.0 μm, and the sculpture is type III. (1956-VI-18, Kochi Agricultural Experiment Station)

(219) Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.

Shown in folder-0219. The grain size is 25.9–31.2 μm. The size of the annulus is 7.2 × 2.0 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1970-IV-21, Usa, Kochi Prefecture)

(220) Phragmites japonicus Steud.

Shown in folder-0220. The grain size is 24.0–29.7 μm. The size of the annulus is 7.2 × 3.6 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1978-X-14, Ohzu City)

(221) Moliniopsis japonica (Hack.) Hayata

Shown in folder-0221. The grain size is 24.0–33.6 μm. The size of the annulus is 8.0 × 3.6 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1977-Ⅳ-29, Hiroshima Prefecture Jyogecho, Hada)

(222) Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.

Shown in folder-0222. The grain size is 20.3–29.4 μm. The size of the annulus is 8.1 × 2.7 μm, and the surface is type II. (1970-VIII-15, Kochi City)

(223) Dinebra chinensis (L.) P.M.Peterson et N.Snow

Shown in folder-0223. The grain size is 20.1–29.8 μm. The size of the annulus is 5.4 × 2.7 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1977-IV-6, Chayamachi, Okayama Prefecture)

(224) Zoysia japonica Steud.

Shown in folder-0224. The grain size is 20.8–29.8 μm. The size of the annulus is 7.2 × 2.7 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1970-V-13, Kochi City)

(225) Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka

Shown in folder-0225. The grain size is 34.3–32.4 μm. The size of the annulus is 4.1 × 3.6 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1970-VII-10, Kochi City)

(226) Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng.

Shown in folder-0226. The grain size is 33.3–40.5 μm. The size of the annulus is 9.0 × 3.6 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1970-VIII-10, Kochi City)

(227) Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. et Schult.

Shown in folder-0227. The grain size is 33.3–40.5 μm. The size of the annulus is 9.6 × 3.6 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1970-IV-23, Kochi City)

(228) Setaria × pycnocoma (Steud.) Henrard

Shown in folder-0228. The grain size is 31.6–37.4 μm. The size of the annulus is 10.8 × 3.6 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1977-Ⅵ-26, Kochi City)

(229) Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv.

Shown in folder-0229. The grain size is 26.0–35.7 μm. The size of the annulus is 9.0 × 2.0 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1955-Ⅶ-26, Kochi Agricultural Experiment Station)

(230) Panicum miliaceum L.

Shown in folder-0230. The grain size is 31.7–42.1 μm. The size of the annulus is 7.2 × 2.7 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1959-Ⅵ-15, Kochi Agricultural Experiment Station)

(231) Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler

Shown in folder-0231. The grain size is 32.4–39.7 μm. The size of the annulus is 9.0 × 3.6 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1970-V-6, Kochi City)

(232) Paspalum thunbergii Kunth ex Steud.

Shown in folder-0232. The grain size is 33.4–45.8 μm. The size of the annulus is 9.0 × 2.7 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1970-IV-10, Kochi City)

(233) Paspalum distichum L. var. distichum

Shown in folder-0233. The grain size is 28.8–45.1 μm. The size of the annulus is 8.1 × 2.0 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1977-VIII-16, Kochi City)

(234) Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv. var. aristata Gray

Shown in folder-0234. The grain size is 30.2–42.4 μm. The size of the annulus is 9.0 × 2.7 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1970-VI-10, Kochi City)

(235) Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. var. koenigii (Retz.) Pilg.

Shown in folder-0235. The size of the grain is 26.3–35.5 μm. The size of the annulus is 8.1 × 2.0 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1970-Ⅴ-13, Kochi City)

(236) Miscanthus sinensis Andersson

Shown in folder-0236. The grain size is 26.8–37.1 μm. The size of the annulus is 9.0 × 2.7 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1977-VII-15, Kochi City)

(237) Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

Shown in folder-0237. The grain size is 35.7–52.1 μm. The size of the annulus is 10.8 × 3.6 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1960-VII-17, Ohzu City)

(238) Sorghum propinquum (Kunth) Hitchc.

Shown in folder-0238. The grain size is 30.7–42.6 μm. The size of the annulus is 4.0 × 2.0 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1970-VII-17, Kochi City)

(239) Hemarthria sibirica (Gandog.) Ohwi

Shown in folder-0239. The grain size is 36.0–28.8 μm. The size of the annulus is 7.2 × 1.8 μm, and the sculpture is type II. (1978-VIII-4, Yodoe Town, Tottori Prefecture)

(240) Coix lacryma-jobi L.

Shown in folder-0240. The grain size is 48.8–66.2 μm. The size of the annulus is 10.8 × 3.6 μm, and the sculpture is type I. (1970-VII-15, Kochi City)

(241) Zea mays L.

Shown in folder-0241. The grain size is 62.4–90.2 μm. The size of the annulus is 14.4 × 6.3 μm, and the sculpture is type I. (1955-VII-6, Kochi Agricultural Experiment Station)

EUDICOTS

Eupteleaceae

Euptelea

Pollen grains are pericolpate, and the shape is spheroidal. The furrow is elliptical with a major axis of 18.0–12.6 μm and a minor axis of 7.2–5.4 μm, and granules on the upper surface. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate and the reticulum is extremely fine.

(242) Euptelea polyandra Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0242. The grain size is 25.2–30.6 μm. (1953-Ⅲ-15, Mt. Kuishi, Kochi Prefecture)

Papaveraceae

Chelidonium

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subspheroidal. The furrows are long, and scabrae are distributed on the upper surface of the furrows. The exine is 2.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is baculate, sometimes granulate.

(243) Chelidonium majus L. subsp. asiaticum H.Hara

Shown in folder-0243. The grain size is 19.9–26.1 × 21.5–28.8 μm. (1977-VI-14, Kochi City)

Hylomecon

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subspheroidal. The furrows are wide and extend longitudinally in the polar direction, and have slightly rounded ends. Scabrae are distributed on the upper surface of the furrows. The exine is 2.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is reticulate.

(244) Hylomecon japonica (Thunb.) Prantl et Kündig

Shown in folder-0244. The grain size is 19.2–28.8 × 19.2–29.7 μm. (1937-V-10, Okutama, Tokyo)

Macleaya

Pollen grains are periporate, and the shape is spheroidal. The pores number 6–8, the pore diameter is 3.5 μm, and there are annuli, which are irregularly scattered. The exine is tectate, and 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(245) Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R.Br.

Shown in folder-0245. The grain size is 15.2–22.0 μm. (1978-VIII-10, Ohzu City)

Dicentra

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view varies from subspheroidal to subprolate. The furrows are wide and long, both ends of each furrow are slightly rounded, and scabrae are distributed on the upper surface of the furrows. The exine is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the density of the lumina is 8–10/25 μm². The appearance of the lumina mesh becomes rugulate with a change in focus when viewed under a microscope.

(246) Dicentra peregrina (Rudolph) Makino

Shown in folder-0246. The grain size is 25.3–36.4 × 30.7–48.0 μm. (1977-IX-19, Sendai City Wild Plants Garden, Sendai City, Morita)

Corydalis

Pollen grains are pericolpate and the shape is spheroidal. Both ends of the furrows are round and blunt, the margines are slightly thickened, and granules are distributed on the upper surface of the furrows. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is rugulate.

(247) Corydalis incisa (Thunb.) Pers.

Shown in folder-0247. The grain size is 22.0–30.9 μm. (1978-V-10, Ohzu City)

(248) Corydalis heterocarpa Siebold et Zucc. var. japonica (Franch. et Sav.) Ohwi

Shown in folder-0248. The grain size is 25.5–32.9 μm. (1937-V, Oshima, Tokyo)

(249) Corydalis pallida (Thunb.) Pers. var. tenuis Yatabe

Shown in folder-0249. The grain size is 23.0–38.0 μm. (1978-V-6, Omoshiroyama, Miyagi Prefecture, Morita)

(250) Corydalis decumbens (Thunb.) Pers.

Shown in folder-0250. The grain size is 22.1–29.4 μm. (1979-IV-20, Ohzu City)

Pteridophyllum

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subspheroidal. The furrows are long. The exine is tectate, and it is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(251) Pteridophyllum racemosum Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0251. The grain size is 19.2–28.8 × 23.0–31.6 μm. (1976-VIII, Mt. Hayachine, Iwate Prefecture, Ishikawa)

Lardizabalaceae

Akebia

Pollen grains are tricorporate. The shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial views, spheroidal to subprolate. The endoaperture is unclear. The exine is 2 μm thick, and the sculpture is reticulate.

(252) Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne.

Shown in folder-0252. The grain size is 14.4–19.2 × 19.2–23.0 μm. (1977-IV-15, Kochi City)

(253) Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz.

Shown in folder-0253. The grain size is 15.3–18.2 × 17.2–22.0 μm. (1952-V-15, Omogo, Ehime Prefecture)

Stauntonia

Pollen grains are tricorporate. The shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial views, spheroidal to subprolate. The endoaperture is unclear. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(254) Stauntonia hexaphylla (Thunb.) Decne.

Shown in folder-0254. The grain size is 14.4–17.2 × 16.3–19.2 μm. (1978-IV-30, Haruno Village, Kochi Prefecture)

Menispermaceae

Cocculus

Pollen grains are tricorporate. The shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial views, spheroidal to subprolate. The endoaperture is unclear. The cross section of exine is tectate, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(255) Cocculus trilobus (Thunb.) DC.

Shown in folder-0255. The grain size is 14.4–18.2 × 17.2–20.1 μm. (1977-VII-22, Kochi City)

(256) Cocculus laurifolius DC.

Shown in folder-0256. The grain size is 12.4–21.1 μm. (1956-X-20, Tokunoshima, Kagoshima Prefecture)

Berberidaceae

Berberis and Mahonia

Pollen grains are syncolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The multiple furrows are connected and arranged irregularly so as to surround the grain. The exine is 2.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is perforate or fossulate.

(257) Berberis thunbergii DC.

Shown in folder-0257. The grain size is 26.8–34.5 μm. (1947-IV-25, Godaisan, Kochi City)

(258) Berberis amurensis Rupr.

Shown in folder-0258. The grain size is 34.5–59.5 μm. (1965-VII, Samani-cho, Hokkaido)

(259) Berberis fortunei Lindl.

Shown in folder-0259. The grain size is 28.8–43.2 μm. (1977-IX-18, Kochi City)

Caulophyllum

Pollen grains are tricolpate. The shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial views, spheroidal to subprolate. The furrows are long, and the margines are barely thickened or slightly thickened. The exine is tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and it is 2.5 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate. The brochi are small on both polar planes and around the furrow, and occur at a density of 30–40/25 μm². The intercolpium density is 10–15/25 μm².

(260) Caulophyllum robustum Maxim.

Shown in folder-0260. The grain size is 38.4–44.1 × 31.6–42.2 μm. (1978-V-17, Sendai City Wild Plants Garden, Sendai City, Morita)

Nandina and Epimedium

Pollen grains are tricolpate. The shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial views, spheroidal to subprolate. The furrows are long, and the margines are barely thickened or slightly thickened. The cross section of the exine is tectate, and ectexine > endexine. The sculpture is reticulate, and the bronchi are uniform over the entire surface.

(261) Nandina domestica Thunb.

Shown in folder-0261. The grain size is 24.9–31.6 × 33.6–40.3 μm. (1977-VI-14, Kochi City)

(262) Epimedium grandiflorum C.Morren var. thunbergianum (Miq.) Nakai

Shown in folder-0262. The grain size is 15.3–24.9 × 24.9–32.6 μm. The brochus is finer than found in the genus Nandina. (1979-V-4, Matsue City)

Diphylleia

Pollen grains are inaperturate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, the sculpture is echinate, and there are spinules to spines of 2.0–4.0 μm in length, at a density of 3–6/100 μm².

(263) Diphylleia grayi F.Schmidt

Shown in folder-0263. The grain size is 28.8–45.5 μm. (1978-VI-23, Mt. Hakkoda, M. Yamanaka)

Ranunculaceae

Clematis

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The cross section of exine is tectate, ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.5–2.0 μm thick. The rods of the columellae are relatively evenly distributed. The sculpture varies from scabrate to baculate, and smaller scabrae are distributed on the furrow surfaces. In addition, Clematis stans is periporate.

(264) Clematis terniflora DC.

Shown in folder-0264. The grain size is 16.2–21.6 μm. (1977-VIII-7, Kanba no Taki, Okayama Prefecture)

(265) Clematis pierotii Miq.

Shown in folder-0265. The grain size is 14.4–19.8 μm. The sculpture is baculate. (1937-VIII-23, Nametoko, Ehime Prefecture)

(266) Clematis japonica Thunb.

Shown in folder-0266. The grain size is 18.0–25.2 μm. (1978-V-17, Tohoku University, Morita)

(267) Clematis alpina (L.) Mill. subsp. ochotensis (Pall.) Kuntze var. fusijamana Kuntze

Shown in folder-0267. The grain size is 20.1–25.2 μm. (1937-VII, Mitsutoge, Yamanashi Prefecture)

(268) Clematis lasiandra Maxim.

Shown in folder-0268. The grain size is 19.8–25.2 μm. (1953-V-10, Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture)

(269) Clematis tosaensis Makino

Shown in folder-0269. The grain size is 23.4–27.0 μm. (1956-IV-29, Nojimine, Ehime Prefecture, T. Yamanaka)

(270) Clematis apiifolia DC. var. apiifolia

Shown in folder-0270. The grain size is 13.9–23.1 × 18.1–23.5 μm. (1978-VIII-15, Ohzu City)

(271) Clematis stans Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0271. The grain size is 18.5–26.1 μm. Pollen grains are periporate, the number of pores is approximately 6–10, the pore diameter is 7.2 μm, and the outline is unclear. (1978-VIII-8, Mt. Daisen, Tottori Prefecture)

Pulsatilla

Pollen grains are pericolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrows are of different lengths and are arranged irregularly. The cross section of the exine is tectate, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The rods of the columella are relatively evenly distributed. The sculpture is verrucate, and the density of the verrucae is 5–8/25 μm².

(272) Pulsatilla nipponica (Takeda) Ohwi

Shown in folder-0272. The grain size is 32.4–39.6 μm. (1930-VIII, Mt. Asama, Nagano Prefecture)

Anemone

Pollen grains are tricolpate or stephanocolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrows are short and have scabrae scattered on the upper surfaces. The exine is tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and it is 2 μm thick. The sculpture is baculate.

(273) Anemone narcissiflora L. subsp. nipponica (Tamura) Kadota

Shown in folder-0273. The grain size is 23.4–28.8 × 23.4–30.6 μm. (1960-VIII-5, Mt. Rausu, Hokkaido)

(274) Anemone sikokiana (Makino) Makino

Shown in folder-0274. The grain size is 17.2–27.3 × 26.9–34.0 μm. (1937-VII-15, Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture)

(275) Anemone nikoensis Maxim.

Shown in folder-0275. The grain size is 14.3–23.7 × 19.0–24.9 μm. (1965-IV-15, Mt. Kuishi, Kochi Prefecture)

(276) Anemone flaccida F.Schmidt

Shown in folder-0276. The grain size is 25.8–34.5 × 28.2–40.5 μm. Pollen grains are stephanocolpate. (1966-IV-10, Mt. Kuishi, Kochi Prefecture)

Ranunculus

Pollen grains are pericolpate, and the shape is spheroidal. The exine is 2 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate, verrucate, and baculate, and minute blunt spinules are scattered on the grain surface.

(277) Ranunculus nipponicus Nakai var. submersus H.Hara

Shown in folder-0277. The grain size is 28.9–37.8 μm. The density of the spinules is 3–6/25 μm². (1977-VII-10, Hiruzen, Okayama Prefecture)

(278) Ranunculus japonicus Thunb.

Shown in folder-0278. The grain size is 23.4–33.0 μm. The sculpture is cylindrical. (1977-VI-18, Shiroyama, Kochi Prefecture)

Adonis

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrows are long and slightly wide, and the margines are thickened. The exine is tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and it is 2 μm thick. The sculpture is baculate, and its density is 5–6/25 μm².

(279) Adonis ramosa Franch.

Shown in folder-0279. The grain size is 27.0–32.4 × 27.0–36.0 μm. (1978-Ⅲ-22, Higashiyama Botanical Garden, Nagoya City, cultivated, Morita)

Thalictrum

Pollen grains are periporate, and the shape is spheroidal. The number of pores is approximately 10, the pore diameter is 3.5 μm, the annulus does not develop, and the outline is unclear. The exine is tectate and is 2.0 μm thick. Scabrae are distributed throughout the pores on the upper surface.

(280) Thalictrum aquilegiifolium L. var. intermedium Nakai

Shown in folder-0280. The grain size is 16.7–23.4 μm. (1977-VII-22, Nishio, Kasugai City, Aichi Prefecture, Morita)

(281) Thalictrum foetidum L. var. glabrescens Takeda

Shown in folder-0281. The grain size is 14.4–19.8 μm. (1960-VII, Mt. Apoi, Hokkaido)

(282) Thalictrum minus L. var. hypoleucum (Siebold et Zucc.) Miq.

Shown in folder-0282. The grain size is 18.1–23.1 μm. (1977-VII-24, Chiba City, Tahara)

(283) Thalictrum tuberiferum Maxim.

Shown in folder-0283. The grain size is 11.9–17.4 μm. The scabrae are somewhat large. (1955-VIII, Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture)

(284) Thalictrum watanabei Yatabe

Shown in folder-0284. The grain size is 16.2–19.8 μm. (1937-VIII-23, Nametoko, Ehime Prefecture)

Trautvetteria

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The exine is tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate, and the spinules are scattered, and occur at a density of 10–12/25 μm².

(285) Trautvetteria caroliniensis (Walter) Vail var. japonica (Siebold et Zucc.) T.Shimizu

Shown in folder-0285. The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 23.4–30.6 μm. (1978-VII-12, Mt. Hakkoda, Morita)

Aquilegia and Semiaquilegia

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrows are long, and scabrae are distributed on the furrow surfaces. The exine is tectate and 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate.

(286) Aquilegia flabellata Siebold et Zucc. var. flabellata

Shown in folder-0286. The grain size is 15.8–23.1 μm. (1978-V-16, Ozu City, cultivated)

(287) Aquilegia flabellata Siebold et Zucc. var. pumila (Huth) Kudô

Shown in folder-0287. The grain size is 14.4–19.8 μm. (1978-V-8, Ozu City, cultivated)

(288) Semiaquilegia adoxoides (DC.) Makino

Shown in folder-0288. The grain size is 16.2–19.8 μm. (1978-IV-14, Ohzu City)

Aconitum

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The outlines of the furrows are clear and long, and granules are distributed on the furrow surfaces. The exine is tectate and 2 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate.

(289) Aconitum japonicum Thunb. subsp. subcuneatum (Nakai) Kadota

Shown in folder-0289. The grain size is 18.6–27.2 × 25.3–32.3 μm. (1977-IX-21, Aoba Castle, Sendai City, Morita)

(290) Aconitum japonicum Thunb. subsp. japonicum

Shown in folder-0290. The grain size is 21.8–30.1 × 26.5–36.6 μm. (1952-VIII, Omogo, Ehime Prefecture)

(291) Aconitum loczyanum Rapaics

Shown in folder-0291. The grain size is 20.9–25.2 × 21.8–26.9 μm. (1962-VI-25, Mt. Higashi-Akaishi, Ehime Prefecture)

Anemonopsis

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrows grow long and the margines are not thickened. The exine is tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is baculate, sometimes scabrate.

(292) Anemonopsis macrophylla Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0292. The grain size is 17.3–23.1 μm. (1977-VIII-25, Mt. Togakushi, Nagano Prefecture, Handa)

Cimicifuga

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrows grow long and the margines are thickened. The exine is tectate, and has ectexine > endexine. The sculpture is baculate and the density of the bacula is 5–6/25 μm².

(293) Cimicifuga japonica (Thunb.) Spreng. var. macrophylla (Koidz.) H.Hara

Shown in folder-0293. The grain size is 20.0–28.7 × 24.8–32.3 μm. (1976-IX, Kuma-cho, Ehime Prefecture)

(294) Cimicifuga simplex (DC.) Wormsk. ex Turcz.

Shown in folder-0294. The grain size is 21.8–29.6 × 23.3–35.1 μm. (1977-IX-19, Sendai City Wild Plants Garden, Sendai City, Morita)

Trollius

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The surface of the furrows is almost smooth. The exine is tectate and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate, sometimes psilate.

(295) Trollius shinanensis Kadota

Shown in folder-0295. The grain size is 16.2–19.8 × 18.0–23.4 μm. (1977-VIII-25, Mt. Togakushi, Nagano Prefecture, Handa)

Caltha

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The cross section of exine is tectate, and the ectexine > endexine. The rods of the columella are relatively evenly distributed. The sculpture varies from scabrate to baculate, and smaller scabrae are also distributed on the surface of the furrows. The genus Caltha is similar to the genus Clematis.

(296) Caltha palustris L. var. nipponica H.Hara

Shown in folder-0296. The grain size is 16.9–26.1 × 22.9–30.8 μm. (1940-VI-6, Mt. Hakkoda)

Glaucidium

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrows are long and both ends are round. Scabrae are distributed on the surface of the furrows. The exine is tectate, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(297) Glaucidium palmatum Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0297. The grain size is 18.3–23.9 × 20.1–26.3 μm. (1940-VI-20, Mt. Hakkoda, cultivated)

Sabiaceae

Meliosma

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The endoaperture extends horizontally and has a costa. The exine has ectexine = endexine, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate.

(298) Meliosma myriantha Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0298. The grain size is 14.4–16.2 × 19.8–21.6 μm. (1976-VI-25, Aoba Castle, Sendai City, Hibino)

(299) Meliosma rigida Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0299. The grain size is 14.4–18.0 × 19.8–23.4 μm. (1953-V-15, Kochi City)

Nelumbonaceae

Nelumbo

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subspheroidal. The furrows are long and narrow. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 3.5–4.0 μm thick. The sculpture is baculate, but it appears rugulate when the focus is changed when viewing the pollen under a microscope.

(300) Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.

Shown in folder-0300. The grain size is 59.4–63.0 × 46.8–61.2 μm. (1977-VII-1, Nagoya Castle, Morita)

Platanaceae

Platanus

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrows are short, the polar region is wide, and granules are scattered on the upper surface of the furrows. The exine is tectate, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate.

(301) Platanus occidentalis L.

Shown in folder-0301. The grain size is 19.8–23.4 μm. (1977-IV-15, Kochi City)

Proteaceae

Helicia

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is angular and that of the equatorial view is suboblate to oblate. The pores protrude, the pore endexine is serrated, and the exine is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is verrucate.

(302) Helicia cochinchinensis Lour.

Shown in folder-0302. The grain size is 20.1–24.0 × 15.3–18.2 μm. (1955-Ⅶ-31, Kamoda, Kochi City)

Trochodendraceae

Trochodendron

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The endoaperture is unclear. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the density of the lumina is 12–15/25 μm². The brochus becomes finer from the intercolpium to the furrow.

(303) Trochodendron aralioides Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0303. The grain size is 16.2–19.8 × 19.8–23.4 μm. (1959-V-10, Mitsujiyama, Kochi Prefecture)

Buxaceae

Buxus

Pollen grains are periporate, and the shape is spheroidal. There are 15–20 pores and no annulus. The pores are small compared to the grain, and the pore outline is unclear. The exine is tectate, has ectexine = endexine, and it is 1.8–2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate and may present as slightly rugulate.

(304) Buxus microphylla Siebold et Zucc. var. microphylla

Shown in folder-0304. The grain size is 27.0–32.4 μm. (1977-Ⅲ-28, Kochi City)

(305) Buxus microphylla Siebold et Zucc. var. japonica (Müll.Arg. ex Miq.) Rehder et E.H.Wilson

Shown in folder-0305. The grain size is 27.0–32.4 μm. (1977-Ⅲ-12, Kochi City)

Pachysandra

Pollen grains are periporate, and the shape is spheroidal. There are 15 or more pores, the pores are circular, and their diameter is 2.0 μm. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 3.0–4.0 μm. The sculpture is reticulate with the croton pattern, and each murus consists of a triangle or quadrangle with a cross section of 2.0 × 3.0 μm. The size of the lumen is 2.0 × 2.0 μm.

(306) Pachysandra terminalis Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0306. The grain size is 37.8–48.6 μm. (1976-V, Dandosan, Aichi Prefecture, Morita)

Paeoniaceae

Paeonia

Pollen grains are tricorporate. The shape of the polar view is circular, and that of the equatorial views, spheroidal to subprolate. The endoaperture is unclear. The furrows are long, and the margines are barely thickened or slightly thickened. The exine has ectexine = endexine, and it is 1.8–20.0 μm. The sculpture is reticulate, and the reticulum is extremely fine.

(307) Paeonia japonica (Makino) Miyabe et Takeda

Shown in folder-0307. The grain size is 24.8–32.4 μm. The brochus is almost uniform over the entire surface. (1957-V-12, Omogo, Ehime Prefecture)

(308) Paeonia obovata Maxim.

Shown in folder-0308. The grain size is 27.0–37.8 × 25.2–34.2 μm. The brochus is almost uniform over the entire surface. (1979-V-20, Kajigamori, Kochi Prefecture, M. Yamanaka.)

(309) Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews

Shown in folder-0309. The grain size is 23.3–27.9 × 21.8–31.0 μm. The brochus become finer from the intercolpium to the furrow. (1977-V-15, Kochi City, planting)

Altingiaceae

Liquidambar

Pollen grains are periporate, and the shape is spheroidal. There are 10–20 pores, the pores are circles or ellipses with a diameter of 4.5–7.2 μm, and the pore outlines are clear. Granules are scattered on the upper surface of the pores. The exine is tectate, the ectexine = endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate, but it may be observed as finely reticulate with a change in focus when viewed under a microscope.

(310) Liquidambar formosana Hance

Shown in folder-0310. The grain size is 27.0–37.8 μm. (1963-IV-5, Kochi City)

(311) Liquidambar styraciflua L.

Shown in folder-0311. The grain size is 28.8–37.8 μm. (1977-IV-10, Kochi City)

Hamameridaceae

Hamamelis, Disanthus, and Corylopsis

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to suboblate. The furrows are long and they have sharp endings. Scabrae are distributed on the upper surface of the furrows, and the margines are thickened. The exine is tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate.

(312) Hamamelis japonica Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0312. The grain size is 18.9–21.6 × 14.4–18.0 μm. (1978-Ⅲ-5, Godaisan, Kochi City, Morita)

(313) Disanthus cercidifolius Maxim.

Shown in folder-0313. The grain size is 20.7–25.2 × 19.8–20.7 μm. (1963-Ⅺ-3, Kochi Prefecture Kanedate Pass)

(314) Corylopsis spicata Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0314. The grain size is 28.8–37.8 × 30.6–34.2 μm. (1977-Ⅲ-5, Kochi City)

(315) Corylopsis pauciflora Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0315. The grain size is 25.2–30.6 × 23.4–27.0 μm. (1977-V-8, Hiroshima University, cultivated)

(316) Corylopsis gotoana Makino

Shown in folder-0316. The grain size is 21.6–25.2 × 21.6–23.4 μm. (1958-IV, Kurotakiyama, Kochi Prefecture, T. Yamanaka)

Distylium

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrows are long and both ends are blunt. Scabrae are distributed on the upper surface of the furrows, and the margines are thickened. The exine is tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate.

(317) Distylium racemosum Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0317. The grain size is 23.4–34.2 × 28.8–36.0 μm. (1978-IV-22, Matsuyama Castle, Matsuyama City)

Cercidiphyllaceae

Cercidiphyllum

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is subangular to semi-lobate and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrows spread widely in an ellipse, the polar area is wide, and the granules are densely distributed on the upper surface of the furrows. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate.

(318) Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold et Zucc. ex Hoffm. et Schult.

Shown in folder-0318. The grain size is 23.4–25.2 × 27.0–30.6 μm. (1978-V-24, Towada, Aomori Prefecture, Morita)

Daphniphyllaceae

Daphniphyllum

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is prolate spheroidal. The endoaperture is unclear. The exine has ectexine ≥ endexine, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is verrucate.

(319) Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq.

Shown in folder-0319. The grain size is 19.8–21.6 × 19.8–23.4 μm. (1940-V-16, Sendai City)

Iteaceae

Itea

Pollen grains are diporate, and the shape of the polar view is spindle-shaped and that of the equatorial view is different polarity. The outline of the outer shape is vertically asymmetrical. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate.

(320) Itea japonica Oliv.

Shown in folder-0320. The grain size is 18.0–20.0 μm. (1975-VI-15, Yanase, Kochi Prefecture)

Grossulariaceae

Ribes

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape is spheroidal. The pores are round to elliptical in shape, and 2.0–3.5 × 2.0 μm in size. The annulus of each pore is underdeveloped. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is rugulate.

(321) Ribes japonicum Maxim.

Shown in folder-0321. The grain size is 19.8–25.2 μm. (1935-VII, Naidaijin, Kumamoto Prefecture)

Saxifragaceae

Astilbe, Boykinia, Chrysosplenium, and Kirengeshoma

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The margo is thickened and the endoaperture is clear. The exine is tectate, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate. The brochus becomes finer from the intercolpium toward the furrow.

(322) Astilbe microphylla Knoll

Shown in folder-0322. The grain size is 12.6–16.2 × 14.4–19.8 μm. (1934-VIII, Nametoko, Ehime Prefecture)

(323) Astilbe thunbergii (Siebold et Zucc.) Miq. var. thunbergii

Shown in folder-0323. The grain size is 12.6–14.4 μm. (1963-VI-18, Kagami Village, Kochi Prefecture)

(324) Astilbe japonica (C.Morren et Decne.) A.Gray

Shown in folder-0324. The grain size is 12.6–16.2 μm. (1963-VI-18, Kagami Village, Kochi Prefecture)

(325) Boykinia lycoctonifolia (Maxim.) Engl.

Shown in folder-0325. The grain size is 14.4–18.0 × 16.2–18.0 μm. (1937-VII, Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture)

(326) Chrysosplenium japonicum (Maxim.) Makino

Shown in folder-0326. The grain size is 12.6–18.0 × 18.0–19.8 μm. (1935-VIII, Omogo, Ehime Prefecture)

(327) Kirengeshoma palmata Yatabe

Shown in folder-0327. The grain size is 14.4–19.8 × 19.8–21.6 μm. The density of the lumina is 15/25 μm². It shifts to psilate near the furrow. (1936-VIII-7, Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture)

Saxifraga

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the view of the equator is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrows are long and the number of them is sometimes 4. The exine is tectate, has ectexine = endexine, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The columellae are evenly distributed, and the sculpture is baculate.

(328) Saxifraga stolonifera Curtis

Shown in folder-0328. The grain size is 21.5–24.3 × 21.5–23.3 μm. (1979-V-22, Ohzu City)

(329) Saxifraga cortusifolia Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0329. The grain size is 18.0–19.8 × 19.8–25.2 μm. (1959-V-31, Mt. Shiraga, Kochi Prefecture)

(330) Saxifraga fortunei Hook.f. var. alpina (Matsum. et Nakai) Nakai

Shown in folder-0330. The grain size is 16.2–23.4 × 19.8–25.3 μm. (1934-VIII, Nametoko, Ehime Prefecture)

Peltoboykinia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The endoaperture is round, and the area around the germination mouth sometimes protrudes. The exine is 1 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate.

(331) Peltoboykinia watanabei (Yatabe) H.Hara

Shown in folder-0331. The grain size is 16.2–23.4 × 19.8–25.2 μm. (1958-VI-30, Mt. Nakatsumyojin, Kochi Prefecture)

Parnassia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long and the margo is barely thickened or slightly thickened. The endoaperture has a costa around it, and is circular with a diameter of 3.5 μm. The exine has ectexine = endexine, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate. The brochi are almost uniform over the entire surface.

(332) Parnassia foliosa Hook.f. et Thomson var. foliosa

Shown in folder-0332. The grain size is 19.8–25.2 × 25.2–27.0 μm. (1956-VIII-26, Mt. Higashi-Akaishi, Ehime Prefecture)

(333) Parnassia palustris L. var. palustris

Shown in folder-0333. The grain size is 18.0–23.4 × 21.6–28.8 μm. The lumina are a little large, and occur at a density of 8/25 μm². (1956-VIII-26, Mt. Higashi-Akaishi, Ehime Prefecture)

Crassulaceae

Sedum, Hylotelephium, and Orostachys

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate to prolate. The furrows are long, and there is a costa on the pore side. The margines are thickened, with a pore in the center and protruding. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is rugulate.

(334) Sedum tricarpum Makino

Shown in folder-0334. The grain size is 14.4–18.0 × 19.8–24.3 μm. (1937-VII-20, Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture)

(335) Sedum polytrichoides Hemsl.

Shown in folder-0335. The grain size is 10.8–14.4 × 16.2–18.0 μm. (1963-VI-11, Shodoshima, Kagawa Prefecture)

(336) Sedum bulbiferum Makino

Shown in folder-0336. The grain size is 12.6–18.0 × 16.5–18.0 μm. (1978-VI-15, Ohzu City)

(337) Hylotelephium verticillatum (L.) H.Ohba

Shown in folder-0337. The grain size is 12.6–16.2 × 16.2–19.8 μm. (1973-VIII, Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture)

(338) Hylotelephium sieboldii (Sweet ex Hook.) H.Ohba

Shown in folder-0338. The grain size is 10.8–16.2 × 18.0–19.8 μm. (1978-X-15, Ohzu City)

(339) Orostachys japonica (Maxim.) A.Berger

Shown in folder-0339. The grain size is 10.8–14.4 × 18.0–19.8 μm. (1960-IX-15, Mt. Kuishi, Kochi Prefecture)

Penthoraceae

Penthorum

Pollen grains are tricorporate, the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate to prolate. The furrows are long, and there is a costa on the pore side. The margines are thickened, with a pore in the center and protruding. The sculpture is rugulate.

(340) Penthorum chinense Pursh．

Shown in folder-0340. The grain size is 10.8–12.6 × 12.6–13.5 μm. (1964-VIII-9, Kochi City)

Haloragaceae

Gonocarpus and Myriophyllum

Pollen grains are stephanoporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to suboblate. There are 4–5, rarely 3 pores, which are elliptical in the polar direction, their length is 3.5 μm, and both endexine and ectexine on the periphery are thickened and protrude. The sculpture is rugulate to scabrate.

(341) Gonocarpus micranthus Thunb.

Shown in folder-0341. The grain size is 27.0–36.0 × 18.0–27.0 μm. The exine is 2.5 μm thick. (1977-VIII-8, Mt. Daisen, Tottori Prefecture)

(342) Myriophyllum spicatum L.

Shown in folder-0342. The grain size is 19.8–27.0 × 23.4–25.2 μm. The exine is 1.5–2.0 μm thick. (1967-IX-20, Kokura-ku, Kitakyushu City, Hatanaka)

(343) Myriophyllum verticillatum L.

Shown in folder-0343. The grain size is 27.0–36.0 × 23.4–25.2 μm. The protrusion of the pores is slight, and the rugulate to scabrate sculpture is fine. (1978-IX, Izunuma, Miyagi Prefecture, Morita)

Vitaceae

Vitis

Pollen grains are tricorporate. The shape of the polar view is subangular, sometimes semi-lobate, and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrow is long, narrow in width, and the margo is slightly thickened. The endoaperture is circular, 1.8 μm in diameter, and has a costa. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is reticulate.

(344) Vitis vinifera L.

Shown in folder-0344. The grain size is 21.6–25.2 × 21.6–23.4 μm. The pollen grains are stephanocolporate, having 4 furrows (1977-V-15, Kochi City)

(345) Vitis ficifolia Bunge

Shown in folder-0345. The grain size is 18.0–21.6 × 19.8–23.4 μm. (1957-VI-30, Kochi City)

(346) Vitis coignetiae Pulliat ex Planch.

Shown in folder-0346. The grain size is 19.8–23.4 × 20.7–25.2 μm. (1968-Ⅵ-20, Mt. Hakkoda, Hibino)

(347) Vitis flexuosa Thunb.

Shown in folder-0347. The grain size is 14.4–18.0 × 17.1–19.8 μm. (1956-V-12, Suihamine, Ehime Prefecture)

Ampelopsis

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrow is long, and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is slit-shaped, with a major axis of 5.0 μm and a costa. The exine has ectexine = endexine, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate.

(348) Ampelopsis glandulosa (Wall.) Momiy. var. heterophylla (Thunb.) Momiy.

Shown in folder-0348. The grain size is 27.0–32.4 × 36.0–39.6 μm. (1977-VI-18, Shiroyama, Kochi City)

Causonis

Pollen grains are pericolporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is a spheroidal. The furrows are long, and the margines are thickened. The endoaperture is round and small with a costa. Viewed in cross section, the columellae in the exine are clear, the ectexine > endexine, and the exine is 2.5–3.5 μm thick. The sculpture is baculate.

(349) Causonis japonica (Thunb.) Raf.

Shown in folder-0349. The grain size is 27.0–36.0 × 30.6–36.0 μm. (1978-VII-21, Ohzu City)

Parthenocissus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate to prolate. The furrow is long, and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is circular or a slightly long oval in the horizontal direction and has a costa. The exine is 2.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is a composite of striate and reticulate.

(350) Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Siebold et Zucc.) Planch.

Shown in folder-0350. The grain size is 30.6–32.4 × 39.6–45.0 μm. (1977-VIII-7, Kochi City)

Leguminosae

Albizia

Pollen grains are polyads, consisting of 16 pollen grains in which 4 grains are combined on a plane. The outer shape is disk-shaped. The exine is tectate, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate.

(351) Albizia julibrissin Durazz.

Shown in folder-0351. The outer diameter of the pollen grains is 85.0–90.0 μm. (1977-VI-18, Kochi City)

Biancaea

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is oblate spheroidal to oblate. The furrow is long and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is a long ellipse with a length of 7.0 μm in the polar direction. The scabrae or verrucae are densely distributed on the upper surface of the furrow. The exine is tectate, and it is 2.2 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the density of the lumina is 6–7/25 μm².

(352) Biancaea decapetala (Roth) O.Deg.

Shown in folder-0352. The grain size is 36.0–50.4 × 37.6–43.2 μm. (1956-V-3, Kochi City)

Senna

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is prolate spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long. The endoaperture is round, and the periphery of the germination mouth protrudes. The exine is 1.8 μm thick. Under a microscope, the sculpture appears verrucate, becoming rugulate when the focal point is adjusted.

(353) Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S.Irwin et Barneby

Shown in folder-0353. The grain size is 27.0–34.2 × 32.4–36.0 μm. (1978-VIII-29, Ozu City)

(354) Senna occidentalis (L.) Link

Shown in folder-0354. The grain size is 27.0–36.0 × 37.8–43.2 μm. The margo is thickened and has a costa. μm. (1977-VIII-15, Kochi City)

Lespedeza, Thermopsis, and Styphnolobium

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate to prolate. The furrow is long and the margo is slightly thickened. The endoaperture is circular or horizontally elliptical with a diameter of 7.0–10.0 μm. The exine is tectate, and is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the density of the lumina is 25/25 μm².

(355) Lespedeza buergeri Miq.

Shown in folder-0355. The grain size is 12.6–18.0 × 18.0–21.6 μm. (1937-VIII-23, Nametoko, Ehime Prefecture)

(356) Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.Cours.) G.Don

Shown in folder-0356. The grain size 19.8–21.6 × 18.9–23.4 μm. (1978-VIII-16, Ozu City)

(357) Lespedeza thunbergii (DC.) Nakai subsp. thunbergii f. alba (Nakai) H.Ohashi et K.Ohashi

Shown in folder-0357. The grain is size 16.2–18.0 × 19.8–25.2 μm. (1977-X-9, Jindai Botanical Garden, Tokyo)

(358) Lespedeza thunbergii (DC.) Nakai subsp. thunbergii 'Nipponica'

Shown in folder-0358. The grain size is 14.4–18.0 × 18.0–23.4 μm. (1977-X-9, Jindai Botanical Garden, Tokyo)

(359) Lespedeza homoloba Nakai

Shown in folder-0359. The grain size is 10.8–19.8 × 16.2–21.6 μm. (1977-X-9, Jindai Botanical Garden, Tokyo)

(360) Thermopsis fabacea (L.) DC.

Shown in folder-0360. The grain size is 19.8–21.6 × 25.2–28.8 μm. The margines are thickened. (1956-IV, Amami Oshima)

(361) Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott

Shown in folder-0361. The grain size is 10.8–14.4 × 14.4–16.2 μm. (1978-VIII-6, Sasebo City, Nagasaki Prefecture)

Glycine and Medicago

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is prolate spheroidal to subprolate. The margo is slightly thickened. The endoaperture is circular or horizontally oval. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is reticulate, but slightly unclear.

(362) Glycine max (L.) Merr. subsp. soja (Siebold et Zucc.) H.Ohashi

Shown in folder-0362. The grain size is 19.8–23.4 × 23.4–25.2 μm. (1977-IX-5, Iwami-cho, Nara Prefecture)

(363) Medicago lupulina L.

Shown in folder-0363. The grain size is 16.2–21.6 × 19.8–27.0 μm. (1955-IX-30, Kochi City)

Sophora

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is prolate spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long, and the margo is slightly thickened. The endoaperture is horizontally oval with costae. The exine is 1.2 μm thick, and the sculpture is reticulate.

(364) Sophora flavescens Aiton

Shown in folder-0364. The grain size is 14.4–18.9 × 19.8–21.6 μm. (1978-VI-25, Sendai City Wild Plants Garden, Sendai, Morita)

Kummerovia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The margo is thickened. The endoaperture is circular or oval with a diameter of 7.0 μm. The exine thickness is 1.5 μm, the sculpture is reticulate, and the density of the lumina is 8–11/25 μm². The brochus becomes finer from the intercolpium to the furrow and shifts to psilate.

(365) Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl.

Shown in folder-0365. The grain size is 21.6–23.4 × 27.0–28.8 μm. (1977-IX-6, Chayamachi, Okayama Prefecture)

Hylodesmum and Ohwia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate to prolate. The scabrae are distributed on the upper surface of the furrow. The endoaperture is circular or elliptical, is 5.0–6.0 μm in diameter, and has a costa. The exine is 1.0–1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is reticulate but is unclear.

(366) Hylodesmum podocarpum (DC.) H.Ohashi & R.R.Mill subsp. oxyphyllum (DC.) H.Ohashi & R.R.Mill var. japonicum (Miq.) H.Ohashi

Shown in folder-0366. The grain size is 16.2–19.8 × 21.6–27.0 μm. (1978-IX-15, Ohzu City)

(367) Ohwia caudata (Thunb.) H.Ohashi

Shown in folder-0367. The grain size is 18.0–21.6 × 23.4–28.8 μm. (1977-IX-18, Kochi Castle, Kochi City)

Grona and Desmodium

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subspheroidal. The verrucae are scattered on the upper surface of the furrow. The endoaperture is elliptical in the equatorial direction, has a diameter of 5.0–6.0 μm, and has a costa. The exine is 1.0–1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(368) Grona heterocarpa (L.) H.Ohashi et K.Ohashi

Shown in folder-0368. The grain size is 34.2–39.6 × 36.0–39.6 μm. (1955-IX-13, Tosayama Village, Kochi Prefecture)

(369) Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC.

Shown in folder-0369. The grain size is 32.4–39.6 × 37.8–41.4 μm. (1977-IX-18, Kochi Castle, Kochi City)

Vicia and Lathyrus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is prolate. The endoaperture is circular and has costae. The exine is 1.5–2.0 μm thick, the sculpture is reticulate, and the density of the lumina is 5–7/25 μm².

(370) Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh.

Shown in folder-0370. The grain size is 14.4–27.0 × 30.6–34.2 μm. The diameter of the endoaperture is 5.4 μm, and the density of the lumina is 5–7/25 μm². (1978-IV-10, Ozu City)

(371) Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray

Shown in folder-0371. The grain size is 10.8–16.2 × 21.6–27.0 μm. The diameter of the endoaperture is 5.4 μm, and the density of the lumina is 6–7/25 μm². (1977-IV-25, Kochi City)

(372) Vicia unijuga A.Braun

Shown in folder-0372. The grain size is 21.6–27.0 × 36.0–45.0 μm. The diameter of the endoaperture is 5.4 μm, and the density of the lumina is 6–8/25 μm². (1978-VII-15, Ohzu City)

(373) Vicia cracca L.

Shown in folder-0373. The grain size is 19.8–23.4 × 34.2–37.8 μm. The diameter of the endoaperture is 5.4 μm, and the density of the lumina is 7–8/25 μm². (1978-VII-20, Ohzu City)

(374) Vicia faba L.

Shown in folder-0374. The grain size is 19.8–23.4 × 43.2–46.8 μm. The diameter of the endoaperture is 7.0–8.0 μm, and the density of the lumina is 2–5/25 μm². (1978-IV-15, Ohzu City)

(375) Vicia nipponica Matsum.

Shown in folder-0375. The grain size is 23.4–28.8 × 41.4–45.0 μm. The diameter of the endoaperture is 7.0 μm, and the density of the lumina is 7–8/25 μm². (1934-VIII, Onogahara, Ehime Prefecture)

(376) Lathyrus japonicus Willd.

Shown in folder-0376. The grain size is 25.2–27.0 × 37.8–43.2 μm. The diameter of the endoaperture is 7.0–8.0 μm, and the density of the lumina is 6–7/25 μm². (1962-V-16, Katsurahama, Kochi City)

Dunbaria

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is subangular and that of the equatorial view is suboblate. The endoaperture is circular and large, and scabrae are distributed on the upper surface and the periphery of the furrow. The cross section of the exine is 2.0 μm thick, the sculpture is reticulate, and the density of the lumina is 7–8/μm².

(377) Dunbaria villosa (Thunb.) Makino

Shown in folder-0377. The grain size is 32.5–34.2 × 25.2–30.6 μm. (1977-VIII-11, Sanyo Town, Okayama Prefecture)

Vigna

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is suboblate. The pores are circular, the pore diameter is 9.0 μm, and the annuli are thickened. The cross section of the exine is 2.5 μm thick, the sculpture is reticulate, the lumina are large, and scabrae are distributed on the upper surface.

(378) Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi et H.Ohashi var. angularis

Shown in folder-0378. The grain size is 32.4–39.6 μm. The size of the lumina is 7.2–14.4 × 3.5–5.0 μm, and the height of the muri is 1.5 μm. (1978-IX-15, Ohzu City)

(379) Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi et H.Ohashi var. nipponensis (Ohwi) Ohwi et H.Ohashi

Shown in folder-0379. The grain size is 41.4–45.0 × 32.4–39.6 μm. The size of the lumina is 5.0–7.0 × 3.5–5.5 μm, and the height of the muri is 1.5–2.0 μm. (1978-IX-3, Ohzu City)

(380) Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. var. unguiculata

Shown in folder-0380. The grain size is 63.0–66.6 × 57.6–63.0 μm. The size of the lumina is 20.0–27.0 × 20.0–10.0 μm, and the height of the muri is 2.5–3.0 μm. (1977-VII-15, Kochi City)

Apios

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrow is sharp at both ends, it is 14.0–15.0 μm in length, and verrucae are scattered on the upper surface of the furrow. The exine has ectexine < endexine, and it is 2.5 μm thick. The sculpture is psilate.

(381) Apios fortunei Maxim.

Shown in folder-0381. The grain size is 34.2–41.4 × 36.0–41.4 μm. (1977-IX-16, Kochi Castle, Kochi City)

Dumasia

Pollen grains are stephanoporate, and the shape of the polar view is subangular to semi-lobate and that of the equatorial view is oblate. The circular pores with a diameter of 9.0 μm are located at each ridge, and are arranged such that two pairs are formed above and below the equator. The exine is tectate and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate and sometimes rugulate, and the lumina are large.

(382) Dumasia truncata Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0382. The grain size is 36.0–41.4 μm. (1978-X-1, Aobayama, Sendai City, Morita)

Canavalia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular to subangular, and that of the equatorial view is oblate spheroidal to suboblate. The furrow is a rectangle of 9.0 × 23.5 μm, with the length in the polar axis direction. The exine has ectexine > endexine, is 3.5 μm thick, and shows columellae development. The sculpture is psilate, and the verrucae or the gemmae are distributed in the polar region.

(383) Canavalia lineata (Thunb.) DC.

Shown in folder-0383. The grain size is 50.4–54.0 × 43.2–46.8 μm. (1973-IX-5, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture)

Pueraria

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The endoaperture is circular or oval with a diameter of 9.0 μm. The exine is 1.5–1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the density of the lumina is 20/25 μm², but the size of the lumina is smaller around the poles and furrows.

(384) Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi

Shown in folder-0384. The grain size is 19.8–25.2 × 25.8–30.6 μm. (1955-IX-13, Kochi City)

Cercis

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subspheroidal to subprolate. The margo is slightly thickened. The area around the germination opening is prominent, often forming an equatorial bridge. The exine is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is finely reticulate, and the brochi disappear from view with a slight shift in focus when viewed under a microscope.

(385) Cercis chinensis Bunge

Shown in folder-0385. The grain size is 21.6–23.4 × 23.4–25.2 μm. (1977-X-4, Kochi City)

Amphicarpaea

Pollen grains are tricorporate. The shape of the polar view is semi-angular to subangular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate, and both poles are slightly flat. The furrow is short and the polar region is wide. The endoaperture is circular and has a diameter of 6.3 μm. The exine is 1.2 μm thick and is slightly thicker near the equatorial plane. The sculpture is scabrate.

(386) Amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth.

Shown in folder-0386. The grain size is 16.2–21.6 × 25.2–30.6 μm. (1978-X-15, Ohzu City)

Indigofera

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The area around the germination mouth protrudes. The exine is 2.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is verrucate.

(387) Indigofera pseudotinctoria Matsum.

Shown in folder-0387. The grain size is 18.0–23.4 × 26.1–27.0 μm. When viewed under a microscope, the sculpture appearance changes to finely reticulate when the focal point is adjusted. (1977-VII-15, Kochi City)

(388) Indigofera decora Lindl.

Shown in folder-0388. The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 28.8–34.2 μm. When viewed under a microscope the sculpture appearance changes to rugulate when the focal point is adjusted. (1978-V-1, Ozu City)

Amorpha

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subspheroidal. The furrow is 12.0–13.0 μm long and has sharp ends. The endoaperture is circular and has a diameter of 9.0 μm, and the columellae are short and less than 1.0 μm. The sculpture is reticulate, and the brochi disappear from view with a slight shift in focus when viewed under a microscope.

(389) Amorpha fruticosa L.

Shown in folder-0389. The grain size is 18.0–20.5 μm. (1978-VI-6, Oshika Peninsula, Miyagi Prefecture, Morita)

Wisteria

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subspheroidal to subprolate. The endoaperture is unclear. The exine is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the density of the lumina is 7–8/25 μm².

(390) Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC.

Shown in folder-0390. The grain size is 23.4–28.8 × 27.0–32.4 μm. (1978-V-15, Ohzu City)

(391) Wisteria japonica Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0391. The grain size is 18.0–23.4 × 21.6–27.0 μm. (1978-IV-13, Ohzu City)

Astragalus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is prolate. The furrow is long. The endoaperture is circular or oval with a diameter of 10.0 μm. The exine is 1.0 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the brochi disappear from view with a slight shift in focus when viewed under a microscope.

(392) Astragalus sinicus L.

Shown in folder-0392. The grain size is 9.0–12.6 × 16.2–18.0 μm. (1958-X-5, Kochi City)

Lotus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is prolate. The furrow is long. The endoaperture is circular or oval. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate.

(393) Lotus corniculatus L. subsp. japonicus (Regel) H.Ohashi

Shown in folder-0393 The grain size is 9.0–12.6 × 14.4–16.2 μm. (1936-V, Matsudo City, Chiba Prefecture)

Melilotus and Crotalaria

Pollen grains are tricorporate. The shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is prolate, and it is a cylindrical shape similar to a medical capsule. The furrow is long. The diameter of the endoaperture is 7.0 μm. The exine is tectate, and the sculpture is finely reticulate.

(394) Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. subsp. suaveolens (Ledeb.) H.Ohashi

Shown in folder-0394. The grain size is 16.2–19.8 × 27.0–30.6 μm. (1973-IV-4, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture)

(395) Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. subsp. albus (Medik.) H.Ohashi et Tateishi

Shown in folder-0395. The grain size is 12.6–14.4 × 18.9–25.2 μm. (1978-VII-6, Chayamachi, Okayama Prefecture)

(396) Crotalaria sessiliflora L.

Shown in folder-0396. The grain size is 12.6–14.4 × 21.6–23.4 μm. (1975-IX-10, Tochi City, Kochi Prefecture)

Polygalaceae

Polygala

Pollen grains are stephanocolporate. The endoaperture is fused in a ring shape on the equatorial plane. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate.

(397) Polygala japonica Houtt.

Shown in folder-0397. The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 30.6–34.2 μm. The pollen grains are isopolar, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subspheroidal to subprolate. The lacunae are arranged radially and surround the polar region. The number of furrows is 14–19. (1978-IV-20, Hikichibashi, Kochi Prefecture)

(398) Polygala tatarinowii Regel

Shown in folder-0398. The grain size is 43.2–55.8 × 21.6–30.6 μm. The pollen grains are heteropolar, and the shape of the polar view is elliptical and that of the equatorial view is kidney-shaped. The number of furrows is 20–24. (1957-VIII, Ishidateyama, Kochi Prefecture)

Rosaceae

Spiraea, Aruncus, Kerria, and Neillia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long, and the margo is slightly thickened. The endoaperture is clearly visible, it has an oval shape with the long axis orientated in the equatorial direction, and it has a marked protrusion around the germination opening. The exine is tectate, has ectexine < endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is striate, but the carving is shallow and unclear.

(399) Neillia incisa (Thunb.) S.H.Oh

Shown in folder-0399. The grain size is 14.4–19.8 × 18.0–21.6 μm. (1937-VI-2, Amariyama, Yamanashi Prefecture)

(400) Spiraea japonica L.f.

Shown in folder-0400. The grain size is 11.7–14.4 × 12.6–16.2 μm. (1977-VI-22, Kochi University)

(401) Spiraea dasyantha Bunge

Shown in folder-0401. The grain size is 14.4–16.2 × 14.4–16.2 μm. (1968-VI-15, Kochi City)

(402) Spiraea salicifolia L.

Shown in folder-0402. The grain size is 14.4–25.2 × 18.0–23.4 μm. (1950-VII-11, Numanohata, Hokkaido)

(403) Spiraea blumei G.Don

Shown in folder-0403. The grain size is 10.8–12.6 × 13.5–14.4 μm. (1957-VIII, Ishidateyama, Kochi Prefecture)

(404) Spiraea × hayatae Koidz.

Shown in folder-0404. The grain size is 9.0–14.4 × 12.6–14.4 μm. (1950-V, Tomisato, Ehime Prefecture)

(405) Spiraea nipponica Maxim. var. tosaensis (Yatabe) Makino

Shown in folder-0405. The grain size is 14.4–16.2 × 14.4–18.0 μm. (1955-V-15, Yusuhara Village, Kochi Prefecture)

(406) Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fernald var. kamtschaticus (Maxim.) H.Hara

Shown in folder-0406. The grain size is 9.0–12.6 × 10.8–14.4 μm. (1977-VII-24, Shokawa Village, Gifu Prefecture, Morita)

(407) Kerria japonica (L.) DC.

Shown in folder-0407. The grain size is 16.2–18.0 × 18.0–20.7 μm. (1979-IV-2, Ohzu City)

Fragaria, Potentilla, Comarum, and Dasiphora

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long. The endoaperture is clearly visible, it is an ellipse with the long axis orientated in the equatorial direction, and the periphery of the germination mouth protrudes. The exine is tectate, has ectexine < endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is striate.

(408) Fragaria × ananassa (Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier

Shown in folder-0408. The grain size is 16.2–21.6 × 19.8–23.4 μm. The density of the striae is 4–6 rows/25 μm². (1978-V-7, Ohzu City)

(409) Fragaria nipponica Makino

Shown in folder-0409. The grain size is 12.6–18.0 × 18.0–19.8 μm. The density of the striae is 4–6 rows/25 μm². (1977-V-6, Shiroyama, Kochi City)

(410) Potentilla nivea L. var. camtschatica Cham. et Schltdl.

Shown in folder-0410. The grain size is 21.6 × 23.4 μm. The density of the striae is 5–7 rows/25 μm². (1937-VII, Yatsugatake, Nagano Prefecture)

(411) Potentilla ancistrifolia Bunge var. dickinsii (Franch. et Sav.) Koidz.

Shown in folder-0411. The grain size is 16.2–19.8 × 18.0–25.2 μm. The stria is small and lacks clarity. (1957-VIII, Ishidateyama, Kochi Prefecture)

(412) Potentilla anemonifolia Lehm.

Shown in folder-0412. The grain size is 12.6–18.0 × 16.2–18.0 μm. The stria lacks clarity. (1977-V-15, Kochi City)

(413) Comarum palustre L.

Shown in folder-0413. The grain size is 16.2–21.6 × 18.0–23.4 μm. The density of the striae is 4–6/25 μm². (1950-VII, Oze, Gunma Prefecture)

(414) Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb.

Shown in folder-0414. The grain size is 19.8–25.2 × 21.6–25.2 μm. The density of the striae is 4–6/25 μm². (1960-VIII, Mt. Tokachi, Hokkaido)

Dryas

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is clearly visible, and it is circular to slightly oval. The exine is tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is striate.

(415) Dryas octopetala L. var. asiatica (Nakai) Nakai

Shown in folder-0415. The grain size is 21.6–25.2 × 21.6–28.8 μm. (1977-VIII, Mt. Shirouma, Nagano Prefecture, Ishikawa)

Geum and Sieversia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is clearly visible, and it is round to slightly oval, with a slight protrusion around the germination opening. The exine is tectate, has ectexine < endexine, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is striate, and the density of the striae is 6–8/25 μm².

(416) Geum calthifolium Menzies ex Sm. var. nipponicum (F.Bolle) Ohwi

Shown in folder-0416. The grain size is 28.8–32.4 × 34.2–36.0 μm. (1936-VIII, Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture)

(417) Sieversia pentapetala (L.) Greene

Shown in folder-0417. The grain size is 18.0–19.8 × 21.6–22.5 μm. (1978-VI-23, Mt. Hakkoda, Aomori Prefecture, M. Yamanaka)

Rubus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to subangular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long, the periphery of the germination mouth protrudes, and most of them have a costa. The exine is tectate, has ectexine ≤ endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is rugulate.

(418) Rubus mesogaeus Focke var. mesogaeus

Shown in folder-0418. The grain size is 14.4–19.8 × 19.8–25.2 μm. (1956-VII-9, Tenninkyo, Hokkaido)

(419) Rubus parvifolius L.

Shown in folder-0419. The grain size is 18.0–25.2 × 23.4–30.6 μm. (1978-V-25, Ohzu City)

(420) Rubus microphyllus L.f.

Shown in folder-0420. The grain size is 16.2–21.6 × 19.8–27.0 μm. (1978-V-25, Ohzu City)

(421) Rubus hirsutus Thunb.

Shown in folder-0421. The grain size is 14.4–17.1 × 18.0–21.6 μm. (1977-IV-13, Shiroyama, Kochi City)

(422) Rubus hakonensis Franch. et Sav.

Shown in folder-0422. The grain size is 23.4–32.4 × 25.2–36.0 μm. No costa is present. (1936-VIII, Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture)

Sanguisorba

Pollen grains are stephanocolporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The 6–8 furrows are long, and the margines are thickened. The periphery of the germination opening protrudes. The exine is tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and it is 3.5 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate.

(423) Sanguisorba officinalis L.

Shown in folder-0423. The grain size is 17.1–21.6 × 19.8–27.0 μm. (1977-VIII-8, Mt. Daisen, Tottori Prefecture)

(424) Sanguisorba tenuifolia Fisch. ex Link

Shown in folder-0424. The grain size is 21.6–28.8 × 25.2–34.2 μm. (1976-IX-5, Kochi City)

Agrimonia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is prolate. The endoaperture is circular and has a diameter of 8.0–9.0 μm, and the periphery of the germination opening protrudes. The exine is tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate.

(425) Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. var. japonica (Miq.) Nakai

Shown in folder-0425. The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 30.6–43.2 μm. (1977-VIII-8, Mt. Daisen, Tottori Prefecture)

Rosa

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular, and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrow is long and the margo is slightly thickened. The endoaperture is clearly visible, and the protrusion around the germination opening is remarkable. The exine is tectate, and has ectexine < endexine. The sculpture is striate, but the striae are shallow and lack clarity.

(426) Rosa rugosa Thunb.

Shown in folder-0426. The grain size is 21.6–27.0 × 28.8–32.4 μm. (1978-V-8, character Wajima City, cultivated)

(427) Rosa laevigata Michx.

Shown in folder-0427. The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 27.0–32.4 μm. (1977-V-10, Kochi City)

(428) Rosa onoei Makino var. onoei

Shown in folder-0428. The grain size is 21.6–23.4 × 28.8–30.6 μm. (1978-V-20, Ohzu City)

(429) Rosa luciae Rochebr. et Franch. ex Crèp.

Shown in folder-0429. The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 27.0–28.8 μm. (1978-VI-15, Ohzu City)

Cerasus and Prunus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is round to slightly oval and is clearly visible, and the periphery of the germination opening protrudes. The exine is tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and the sculpture is striate.

(430) Cerasus × yedoensis (Matsum.) Masam. et S.Suzuki

Shown in folder-0430. The grain size is 25.2–30.6 × 25.2–41.4 μm. (1977-IV-10, Kochi City)

(431) Cerasus incisa (Thunb.) Loisel. var. incisa

Shown in folder-0431. The grain size is 28.8–36.0 × 28.8–36.0 μm. (1937-VI-2, Amariyama, Yamanashi Prefecture)

(432) Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

Shown in folder-0432. The grain size is 30.6–36.0 × 36.0–37.8 μm. (1978-IV-7, Ohzu City)

Padus and Laurocerasus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrow is long and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is clearly visible as a long ellipse in the equatorial direction, and the periphery of the germination opening protrudes. The exine is tectate, and has ectexine > endexine. The sculpture is striate.

(433) Padus buergeriana (Miq.) T.T.Yü et T.C.Ku

Shown in folder-0433. The grain size is 18.0–20.7 × 18.0–21.6 μm. (1963-VII-6, Kajigamori, Kochi Prefecture)

(434) Laurocerasus spinulosa (Siebold et Zucc.) C.K.Schneid.

Shown in folder-0434. The grain size is 19.8–21.6 × 19.8–21.6 μm. The pattern of the sculpture is slightly unclear. (1963-IV-28, Kamiike, Kochi Prefecture)

Eriobotrya, Pourthiaea, Amelanchier, and Sorbus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long. The endoaperture is clearly visible as an ellipse that is long in the equatorial direction, and the periphery of the germination mouth protrudes slightly. The exine is tectate, has ectexine < endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is a striate, but the striae are shallow and lack clarity.

(435) Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.

Shown in folder-0435. The grain size is 18.6–23.4 × 25.2–27.0 μm. (1978-I-17, Ohzu City)

(436) Pourthiaea villosa (Thunb.) Decne. var. villosa

Shown in folder-0436. The grain size is 18.0–23.4 × 21.6–27.0 μm. (1968-VII, Yokokurayama, Kochi Prefecture)

(437) Amelanchier asiatica (Siebold et Zucc.) Endl. ex Walp.

Shown in folder-0437. The grain size is 12.6–16.2 × 18.0–21.6 μm. (1939-V-20, Tohoku University)

(438) Sorbus commixta Hedl. var. rufoferruginea C.K.Schneid.

Shown in folder-0438. The grain size is 18.0–21.6 × 21.6–23.4 μm. (1940-VI-20, Mt. Hakkoda)

Chaenomeles

Pollen grains are tricorporate, the shape of the polar view is circular, and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long and the margo is thickened. The exine is tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.8 μm. The sculpture is a rugulate.

(439) Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach

Shown in folder-0439. The grain size is 25.2–30.6 × 27.0–30.6 μm. (1978-lV-26, Mukaiyama, Sendai City, Morita)

(440) Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai

Shown in folder-0440. The grain size is 25.2–30.6 × 27.0–30.6 μm. The pattern of the sculpture is unclear. (1978-lV-26, Mukaiyama, Sendai City, Morita)

Osteomeles

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrow is long and the margo is slightly thickened. The endoaperture is clearly visible and horizontally elliptical. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate.

(441) Osteomeles anthyllidifolia (Sm.) Lindl. var. subrotunda (K.Koch) Masam.

Shown in folder-0441. The grain size is 25.2–30.6 × 23.4–30.6 μm. (1956-IV, Tokunoshima, Kagoshima Prefecture)

Elaeagnaceae

Elaeagnus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular to angular and that of the equatorial view is oblate spheroidal. A germination mouth is located at each apex of the triangle. The furrow is short and the polar region is wide. The endoaperture is circular with a diameter of 5.0 μm, and the periphery of the germination mouth protrudes like a beak and shows fastigium development. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate.

(442) Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb. var. multiflora

Shown in folder-0442. The grain size is 39.6–46.8 × 27.0–39.6 μm. (1955-Ⅲ-29, Godaisan, Kochi City)

(443) Elaeagnus pungens Thunb.

Shown in folder-0443. The grain size is 34.2–36.0 × 25.2–34.2 μm. (1955-X-10, Ohzu City)

(444) Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. var. umbellata

Shown in folder-0444. The grain size is 30.6–41.4 × 25.2–32.4 μm. The sculpture is sometimes rugulate. (1977-IV-15, Kochi City)

(445) Elaeagnus glabra Thunb.

Shown in folder-0445. The grain size is 28.8–41.4 × 27.0–36.0 μm. (1978-X-15, Ohzu City)

Rhamnaceae

Rhamnus, Frangula, Berchemia, Ziziphus, Paliurus, and Hovenia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is subangular to angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to suboblate, which is rhombic. The furrow is long, and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture has a costa and protrudes. The exine is tectate, and is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is rugulate or reticulate.

(446) Rhamnus davurica Pall. var. nipponica Makino

Shown in folder-0446. The grain size is 19.8–21.6 × 18.9–21.6 μm. The density of the reticula and lumina is 10–12/ μm². (1957-V, Usa, Kochi Prefecture)

(447) Frangula crenata (Siebold et Zucc.) Miq.

Shown in folder-0447. The grain size is 18.0–23.4 × 16.2–19.8 μm. The density of the reticula and lumina is 5–6/ μm². (1963-VII, Usa, Kochi Prefecture)

(448) Berchemia racemosa Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0448. The grain size is 16.2–18.0 × 14.4–18.0 μm. The sculpture is rugulate. (1976-VI-5, Shiroyama, Kochi City)

(449) Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F.Chow

Shown in folder-0449. The grain size is 16.2–18.0 × 14.4–18.0 μm. The sculpture is rugulate. (1954-VII-22, Kochi City)

(450) Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour.) Poir.

Shown in folder-0450. The grain size is 19.8–21.6 × 18.0–21.6 μm. The sculpture is rugulate. (1960-IX-23, Haruno, Kochi Prefecture)

(451) Hovenia dulcis Thunb.

Shown in folder-0451. The grain size is 21.6–25.2 × 21.6–23.4 μm. The sculpture is rugulate. (1957-VIII, Ishidateyama, Kochi Prefecture)

Ulmaceae

Ulmus

Pollen grains are stephanoporate. The shape of the polar view is polygonal, the ridges are inconspicuous, and the shape of the equatorial view is oblate. The pores are 4–5, rarely 6 in number, elongated in the polar axis direction, arranged in the equatorial plane, and with a length in the major axis direction of 1.5–2.0 μm. The ectexine around the pores is thin, and the pores do not project so much. The exine is 1.8 μm thick on the proximal side and 1.0 μm thick on the distal side. The sculpture is a brain wrinkle-like coarse rugulate or reticulate, and it is less clear on the distal side than on the proximal side.

(452) Ulmus davidiana Planch. var. japonica (Rehder) Nakai

Shown in folder-0452. The grain size is 27.8–32.6 × 21.1–26.8 μm. (1937-IV-10, Tohoku University, Jimbo)

(453) Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.

Shown in folder-0453. The grain size is 24.9–29.7 × 15.3–21.1 μm. (1976-X, Horaiji, Aichi Prefecture, Morita)

(454) Ulmus laciniata (Trautv.) Mayr ex Schwapp.

Shown in folder-0454. The grain size is 26.8–35.5 × 24.0–26.8 μm. There are 5–6 pores. (1978-Ⅴ-24, Towada, Aomori Prefecture, Morita)

Zelkova

Pollen grains are stephanoporate. The shape of the polar view is polygonal, the ridges are clear, and the shape of the equatorial view is oblate. The pores are 4–5 in number, oblong in the direction of the polar axis, and arranged on the equatorial plane. The ectexine around the pores is thickened to form annuli, and the pores protrude slightly. The thickness of the exine is different in the dorsal and ventral regions, as occurs in Ulmus pollen. The sculpture is coarse rugulate or reticulate with cerebral wrinkles.

(455) Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino

Shown in folder-0455. The grain size is 32.6–39.3 × 25.9–29.7 μm. (1965-V-8, Kochi City)

Cannabaceae

Celtis

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is oblate spheroidal to suboblate. The pores number 3–4, and are circular with a diameter of 3.5–4.0 μm. Viewed in cross section, the exine around each pore bulges like a round head to form an annulus. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(456) Celtis sinensis Pers.

Shown in folder-0456. The grain size is 23.0–26.8 μm. (1955-IV-2, Kochi City)

Aphananthe

Pollen grains are triporate, and are similar to Celtis pollen. The shape of the polar view is circular, and that of the equatorial view is oblate spheroidal to suboblate. The pores number 3–4, and are circular. Viewed in cross section, the exine around each pore bulges like a round head to form an annulus. The sculpture is scabrate, but slightly finer than that of Celtis pollen.

(457) Aphananthe aspera (Thunb.) Planch.

Shown in folder-0457. The grain size is 24.0–30.6 μm. (1965-Ⅳ-30, Kochi City)

Trema

Pollen grains are diporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to suboblate. The pores number 2, and are circular with a diameter of 2.5–3.0 μm. Viewed in cross section, the ectexine is thickened around each pore to form an annulus. The exine has ectexine < endexine, and is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate.

(458) Trema orientalis (L.) Blume

Shown in folder-0458. The grain size is 20.1–26.8 × 16.3–20.1 μm. (1973-IV-2, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture)

Humulus and Cannabis

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is oblate spheroidal to suboblate. The pores number 3–4, and are circular with a diameter of 2.0 μm. Viewed in cross section, the ectexine around the pores is slightly curved. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(459) Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr.

Shown in folder-0459. The grain size is 21.6–28.8 μm. In the pore, the ectexine of the exine curves inward from the pollen grain to form the annulus, but the ectexine does not wrap the endexine. (1956-Ⅹ-21, Kochi City)

(460) Cannabis sativa L.

Shown in folder-0460. The grain size is 21.1–24.0 μm. In the pore, the ectexine of the exine curves inward from the pollen grain to form the annulus, and the ectexine of the exine wraps around the endexine. (1956-VII, Kamafusa, Miyagi Prefecture, Hibino)

Moraceae

Broussonetia

Pollen grains are diporate or triporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is oblate spheroidal to suboblate. Viewed in cross section, the curvature of the ectexine around the pores is extremely small and the annuli are undeveloped. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(461) Broussonetia × kazinoki Siebold

Shown in folder-0461. The grain size is 11.5–15.3 μm. The pollen grains are diporate and rarely have 3 pores. (1959-V-31, Kochi City)

Urticaceae

Boehmeria, Nanocnide, Laportea, Urtica, Oreocnide, Debregeasia, and Pellionia

Most pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is oblate spheroidal to suboblate. The pores do not protrude, the pore diameter is 1.0 μm, and the annulus is undeveloped. The sculpture is scabrate.

(462) Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich. var. concolor Makino f. nipononivea (Koidz.) Kitam. ex H.Ohba

Shown in folder-0462. The grain size is 10.5–13.4 μm. (1978-IV-13, Ohzu City)

(463) Boehmeria spicata (Thunb.) Thunb.

Shown in folder-0463. The grain size is 10.5–12.4 μm. (1970-VIII-15, Kochi City)

(464) Nanocnide japonica Blume

Shown in folder-0464. The grain size is 10.5–13.4 μm. The pollen grains are diporate and rarely have 3 pores. (1978-IV-15, Ohzu City)

(465) Laportea bulbifera (Siebold et Zucc.) Wedd.

Shown in folder-0465. The grain size is 11.5–15.3 μm. (1957-VIII-23, Befu, Kochi Prefecture)

(466) Urtica thunbergiana Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0466. The grain size 10.5–15.3 μm. The pollen grains are diporate and rarely have 3 pores. (1976-VIII-9, Hiruzen, Okayama Prefecture)

(467) Oreocnide pedunculata (Shirai) Masam.

Shown in folder-0467. The grain size is 13.4–16.3 μm. (1956-Ⅳ, Sumiyou, Amami Oshima Island)

(468) Debregeasia orientalis C.J.Chen

Shown in folder-0468. The grain size is 12.4–15.3 μm. (1955-IV, Tanegashima Island)

(469) Pellionia radicans (Siebold et Zucc.) Wedd. var. minima (Makino) Hatus.

Shown in folder-0469. The grain size is 13.4–17.2 μm. (1958-Ⅲ-26, Tomisato, Ehime Prefecture, T. Yamanaka)

Fagaceae

Castanea, Castanopsis, and Pasania

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is prolate. The furrow is long. The endoaperture is an ellipse that is long in the horizontal direction. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate.

(470) Castanea crenata Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0470. The grain size is 12.4–14.4 × 8.6–9.6 μm. (1977-V-13, Kochi City)

(471) Castanopsis cuspidata (Thunb.) Schottky

Shown in folder-0471. The grain size is 10.5–12.4 × 15.3–18.2 μm. (1954-V-1, Okinoshima, Kochi City)

(472) Lithocarpus edulis (Makino) Nakai

Shown in folder-0472. The grain size is 10.5–12.4 × 14.4–18.2 μm. (1975-VI-, Moji, Kitakyushu City, Hatanaka)

(473) Lithocarpus glaber (Thunb.) Nakai

Shown in folder-0473. The grain size is 9.6–14.4 × 13.4–16.3 μm. (1965-X-13, Kochi City)

Quercus subgen. Cyclobalanopsis

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is prolate spheroidal to subprolate. The endoaperture is distinct in a furrow cross section. The exine is 1.8 μm thick, and the endexine is curved such that it falls inward near the equator. The sculpture is verrucate, and the verruca is heterogeneous.

(474) Quercus hondae Makino

Shown in folder-0474. The grain size is 17.2–23.0 × 21.1–27.8 μm. (1976-V-10, Kochi City)

(475) Quercus sessilifolia Blume

Shown in folder-0475. The grain size is 21.1–26.8 × 19.2–24.0 μm. (1953-V-16, Mt. Tsurugi, Tokushima Prefecture)

(476) Quercus salicina Blume f. angustata (Nakai) H.Ohba

Shown in folder-0476. The grain size is 20.1–23.0 × 18.2–21.1 μm. (1978-V-3, Matsue City)

(477) Quercus glauca Thunb.

Shown in folder-0477. The grain size is 20.1–24.0 × 16.3–21.1 μm. (1957-Ⅳ-25, Kochi City)

(478) Quercus acuta Thunb.

Shown in folder-0478. The grain size is 17.2–22.0 × 16.3–19.2 μm. (1953-V-16, Mt. Tsurugi, Tokushima Prefecture)

(479) Quercus gilva Blume

Shown in folder-0479. The grain size is 19.2–24.0 × 18.2–21.1 μm. (1953-V-15, None Town, Kochi Prefecture)

(480) Quercus myrsinifolia Blume

Shown in folder-0480. The grain size is 18.0–21.6 × 19.8–27.0 μm. (1953-V-16, Mt. Tsurugi, Tokushima Prefecture)

Quercus subgen. Quercus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is prolate spheroidal to subprolate. The endoaperture is unclear, and the endexine does not curve such that it falls inward near the equator. The sculpture is verrucate, and the verruca is heterogeneous and coarser than that of subgen. Cyclobalanopsis pollen. In addition, Quercus phillyreoides pollen shows the characteristics of subgen. Cyclobalanopsis pollen, except for the sculpture.

(481) Quercus phillyreoides A.Gray

Shown in folder-0481. The grain size is 17.2–23.0 × 20.1–24.6 μm. The exine is 1.0 μm thick. (1976-V-10, Kochi City)

(482) Quercus aliena Blume

Shown in folder-0482. The grain size is 28.8–32.4 × 24.0–28.8 μm. (1967-IV-30, Tanono, Kochi Prefecture)

(483) Quercus acutissima Carruth.

Shown in folder-0483. The grain size is 28.8–42.2 × 27.8–40.3 μm. (1953-V-10, Ohzu City)

(484) Quercus dentata Thunb.

Shown in folder-0484. The grain size is 24.9–28.8 × 23.0–27.8 μm. (1953-V-10, Ohzu City)

(485) Quercus crispula Blume

Shown in folder-0485. The grain size is 24.0–28.8 × 20.1–26.8 μm. (1960-VII-9, Tenjinkyo, Hokkaido)

(486) Quercus serrata Murray

Shown in folder-0486. The grain size is 21.1–24.9 × 19.2–24.9 μm. (1959-Ⅳ-19, Kochi City)

Fagus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape is almost spherical. The endoaperture is a circle with a diameter of 7.0–8.0 μm. The exine has ectexine ≥ endexine and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is verrucate.

(487) Fagus crenata Blume

Shown in folder-0487. The grain size is 34.5–40.3 × 36.4–44.1 μm. The shape of the polar view is circular, and the polar region is wide. The distance between the tips of adjacent furrows in polar view is 30.0 μm. (1953-V-16, Mt. Tsurugi, Tokushima Prefecture)

(488) Fagus japonica Maxim.

Shown in folder-0488. The grain size is 26.8–36.0 × 28.8–36.6 μm. The shape of the polar view is rounded semi-angular, and the polar region is narrow. The distance between the tips of adjacent furrows is 7.0–8.0 μm. (1978-V, Aobayama, Sendai City, Morita)

Myricaceae

Morella and Myrica

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is angulaperturate semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is suboblate to oblate. The pores are elliptical from the circle and project slightly. As seen in cross section, the ectexine of the exine forming the pore protrusion is thickened, and the endexine does not extend to the base of the pore protrusion and forms an atrium. In addition, small elements are scattered at the boundary. The exine is 1.5–2.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(489) Morella rubra Lour.

Shown in folder-0489. The grain size is 20.4–27.1 × 15.6–21.4 μm. (1957-V-, Yamada Town, Kochi Prefecture)

(490) Myrica gale L. var. tomentosa C.DC.

Shown in folder-0490. The grain size is 23.3–36.0 × 15.6–29.6 μm. (1978-VI-19, Tashiro, Aomori Prefecture, Morita)

Juglandaceae

Juglans

Pollen grains are stephanoporate, and the shape of the polar view is polygonal and that of the equatorial view is suboblate to oblate and heteropolar. The pores are circular to elliptical, with 5–7 positioned on the equatorial plane, and 1 to several biasedly open on one hemisphere. The pore protrusions are weak and the exine around the pores is not thickened. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.0–1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate and the elements are evenly distributed.

(491) Juglans mandshurica Maxim. var. sachalinensis (Komatsu) Kitam.

Shown in folder-0491. The grain size is 27.3–41.9 × 21.8–36.0 μm. (1953-V-16, Mt. Tsurugi, Tokushima Prefecture)

Pterocarya

Pollen grains are stephanoporate, and the shape of the polar view is polygonal and that of the equatorial view is suboblate to oblate. The pores are circular to elliptical, with 5–7 positioned on the equatorial plane. Often, 1 to several pores are biasedly open on one hemisphere, as in Juglans pollen. The pores have weak protrusions and the exine around the pores is not thickened. The sculpture is scabrate and the elements are evenly distributed.

(492) Pterocarya rhoifolia Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0492. The grain size is 22.4–37.0 × 23.4–29.2 μm. (1940-VI-8, Mt. Hakkoda, Aomori Prefecture)

Platycarya

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is suboblate to oblate. Each pore is an ellipse, long in the polar axis direction. The sculpture is arc-shaped furrow-like dent. The sculpture is scabrate.

(493) Platycarya strobilacea Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0493. The grain size is 13.6–17.9 × 9.7–19.8 μm. (1950-Ⅵ-14, Matsuyama City Ehime Univ.)

Betulaceae

Corylus

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is angulaperturate semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is oblate to sublate. As seen in cross section, the exine of the pore protrusion consists of ectexine and endexine and is not separated. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is rugulate.

(494) Corylus heterophylla Fisch. ex Besser var. thunbergii Blume

Shown in folder-0494. The grain size is 21.1–23.0 μm. (1932-Ⅲ-12, Mukaiyama, Sendai City, Jimbo)

(495) Corylus sieboldiana Blume var. sieboldiana

Shown in folder-0495. The grain size is 22.0–26.8 μm. (1932-Ⅲ-19, Tatsunokuchi, Sendai City, Jimbo)

Betula

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is angulaperturate semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is oblate to sublate. The pore number is sometimes 4. The pores protrude and, as seen in a cross section of the pore protrusion, the ectexine and the endexine are separated from each other to form a vestibulum, and the exine has ectexine > endexine. The sculpture is rugulate.

(496) Betula platyphylla Sukaczev var. japonica (Miq.) H.Hara

Shown in folder-0496. The grain size is 23.0–28.8 μm. (1935-IV, Ueda City, Nagano Prefecture)

(497) Betula ermanii Cham.

Shown in folder-0497. The grain size is 30.6–39.6 μm. (1940-VI-15, Mt. Hakkoda, Aomori Prefecture)

(498) Betula shikokiana Nakai

Shown in folder-0498. The grain size is 21.1–30.7 μm. (1963-Ⅵ-15, Mt. Tsutsugami, Ehime Prefecture)

(499) Betula maximowicziana Regel

Shown in folder-0499. The grain size is 21.1–32.6 μm. (1940-VI-5, Mt. Hakkoda, Aomori Prefecture)

(500) Betula grossa Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0500. The grain size is 24.0–32.4 μm. (1968-IV, Mt. Inamurayama, Kochi Prefecture, M. Yamanaka)

(501) Betula ovalifolia Rupr.

Shown in folder-0501. The grain size is 24.0–28.8 μm. (1960-V, Hokkaido Sarabetsu, Watanabe)

(502) Betula apoiensis Nakai

Shown in folder-0502. The grain size is 20.1–28.8 μm. (1960-VII, Mt. Apoi, Hokkaido)

Carpinus and Ostrya

Pollen grains are triporate except for Carpinus tschonoskii pollen. The shape of the polar view is angulaperturate semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is suboblate to oblate. The pores sometimes number 4. The pores protrude and, as seen in cross section, the exine of the protrusion consists of the ectexine only, and the endexine extends to the base of the pore protrusion. The ectexine on the protrusion is not thickened. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is rugulate.

(503) Carpinus cordata Blume

Shown in folder-0503. The grain size is 24.9–28.8 μm. (1940-Ⅳ-18, Aobayama, Sendai City)

(504) Carpinus japonica Blume

Shown in folder-0504. The grain size is 24.9–30.6 μm. (1932-IV-30, Tohoku University, Jimbo)

(505) Carpinus laxiflora (Siebold et Zucc.) Blume

Shown in folder-0505. The grain size is 24.0–30.7 μm. (1932-Ⅳ-17, Mukaiyama, Sendai City, Jimbo)

(506) Carpinus turczaninovii Hance

Shown in folder-0506. The grain size is 24.0–32.4 μm. (1962-Ⅴ-20, Mt. Torigata, Kochi Prefecture)

(507) Carpinus tschonoskii Maxim.

Shown in folder-0507. The grain size is 24.0–38.4 μm. Pollen grains are stephanoporate, and the pores are 4–6, sometimes 3 in number. (1932-Ⅳ-28, Hyojyougawara, Sendai City, Jimbo)

(508) Ostrya japonica Sarg.

Shown in folder-0508. The grain size is 24.0–26.8 μm. (1932-IV-20, Aobayama, Sendai City, Jimbo)

Alnus subgen. Alnus

Pollen grains are stephanoporate, and the shape of the polar view is polygonal and that of the equatorial view is oblate. The pores number 4–5. The pores protrude and, as seen in a cross section of the protrusion, the exine separates into the ectexine and endexine to form a vestibulum. The outer and inner layers of the vestibulum are large, with a thick and distinct arcus. The exine is 2.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is rugulate.

(509) Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud.

Shown in folder-0509. The grain size is 17.2–23.0 μm. (1952-Ⅲ-15, Kochi City)

(510) Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Turcz. ex Rupr. var. sibirica (Spach) C.K.Schneid.

Shown in folder-0510. The grain size is 23.0–27.8 μm. Grains are 4–5-porate. (1970-Ⅲ-20, Kochi City)

Alnus subgen. Alnaster

Pollen grains are stephanoporate, and the shape of the polar view is polygonal and that of the equatorial view is oblate. The pores number 4–7. The pores protrude and, as seen in a cross section of the protrusion, the ectexine and endexine are separated from each other to form a vestibulum. The separation between the outer and inner layers of the vestibulum is small. The arcus is thin and often unclear. The sculpture is rugulate.

(511) Alnus pendula Matsum.

Shown in folder-0511. The grain size is 21.6–27.0 μm. The pores number 4–5, sometimes 6. (1940-VII-5, Mt. Hakkoda, Aomori Prefecture)

(512) Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K.Koch subsp. maximowiczii (Callier) Chery

Shown in folder-0512. The grain size is 2.1–27.0 μm. The pores number 5–6, sometimes 7. (1939-VI-10, Yatsugatake, Nagano Prefecture)

(513) Alnus sieboldiana Matsum.

Shown in folder-0513. The grain size is 25.9–30.7 μm. The pores number 5–6, sometimes 7. (1957-Ⅳ-10, Godaisan, Kochi City)

(514) Alnus firma Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0514. The grain size is 26.8–30.7 μm. The pores number 6–7, sometimes 8. (1955-Ⅲ-20, Godaisan, Kochi City)

Coriariaceae

Coriaria

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is oblate spheroidal to suboblate. The pores are circular with a diameter of 3.0–3.5 μm, they are arranged on the equator, and have annuli and protrude slightly. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is rugulate.

(515) Coriaria japonica A.Gray

Shown in folder-0515. The grain size is 25.2–28.8 × 19.8–21.6 μm. (1941-V-3, Yagiyama, Sendai City)

Cucurbitaceae

Actinostemma and Gynostemma

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrow is long, the margo is slightly thickened, and the verrucae are scattered on the upper surface of the furrow. The endoaperture is oval with a major axis of 5.5 μm. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is striate.

(516) Actinostemma tenerum Griff.

Shown in folder-0516. The grain size is 21.6–23.4 × 25.2–27.0 μm. (1978-VIII-4, Yodoe, Tottori Prefecture)

(517) Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino

Shown in folder-0517. The grain size is 16.2–19.8 × 21.6–23.4 μm. (1955-VIII, Usa, Kochi Prefecture)

Schizopepon

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrow is extremely narrow and extends linearly in the polar direction, and the polar region is narrow. The endoaperture is circular and has a diameter of 2.5 μm. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the brochi are almost uniform over the entire surface.

(518) Schizopepon bryoniifolius Maxim.

Shown in folder-0518. The grain size is 25.2–27.0 μm. (1978-X-1, Oirase, Aomori Prefecture, Morita)

Zehneria，Momordica and Luffa

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrow is long and the margo is sometimes thickened. The endoaperture is circular, large, and has a costa. The exine has ectexine > endexine and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the brochi are almost uniform over the entire surface.

(519) Zehneria japonica (Thunb.) H.Y.Liu

Shown in folder-0519. The grain size is 43.2–46.8 × 45.0–48.6 μm. (1977-IX-12, Chiba City, Tahara)

(520) Momordica charantia L. var. pavel Crantz

Shown in folder-0520. The grain size is 46.8–50.4 × 43.2–54.0 μm. The density of the lumina is 4–6/25 μm². (1978-VIII-16, Ohzu City)

(521) Luffa aegyptica Mill.

Shown in folder-0521. The grain size is 59.4–72.0 × 70.2–81.0 μm. The density of the lumina is 5–7/25 μm². (1977-VII-16, Kochi City)

Lagenaria

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spherical spheroidal. The furrow is long, and the margo is sometimes thickened. The endoaperture is circular, large, and has a costa. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is verrucate.

(522) Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. 'Gourda'

Shown in folder-0522. The grain size is 48.6–55.8 × 50.4–52.2 μm. (1977-VII-12, Kochi)

Sicyos

Pollen grains are stephanocolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrows are long, and they number approximately 8. The exine is 1.0 μm thick. The sculpture is covered with scabrae, and spines with a blunt head height of 7.0 μm are scattered at a density of 7–10/100 μm².

(523) Sicyos angulatus L.

Shown in folder-0523. The grain size is 54.0–72.0 × 64.8–72.0 μm. (1977-IX-5, Iwami-cho, Nara Prefecture)

Trichosanthes

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The pores are round, large, and have annuli, which are slightly indented. The exine is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the murus is low.

(524) Trichosanthes cucumeroides (Ser.) Maxim. ex Franch. et Sav.

Shown in folder-0524. The grain size is 41.4–45.0 μm. The pore diameter is 7.0 μm. (1977-VIII-8, Hiruzen, Okayama Prefecture)

(525) Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. var. japonica (Miq.) Kitam.

Shown in folder-0525. The grain size is 41.4–46.8 μm. The pore diameter is 7.0 μm. (1977-VIII, Kochi City)

(526) Trichosanthes laceribractea Hayata

Shown in folder-0526. The grain size is 64.8–79.2 μm. The pore diameter is 12.6 μm, and the density of the lumina is 8–10/100 μm². (1934-VIII, Yakushima, Kagoshima Prefecture)

Benincasa

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrow is long and wide. The endoaperture is circular with a diameter of 6.0 μm and has a costa. The exine is 1.8–2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the brochus is coarse. Because of the partial interruption of muri, there are some parts with big lumina.

(527) Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.

Shown in folder-0527. The grain size is 45.0–50.4 × 45.0–48.5 μm. The density of the lumina is 10–12/100 μm². (1977-VI-30, Kawana, Nagoya, Morita)

Citrullus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrow is long and wide. The endoaperture is circular with a diameter of 6.0 μm and has a costa. The exine is 1.8–2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate and the brochi are coarse, but the sizes are relatively uniform except in the vicinity of the furrow. Granules are sparsely present in the lumen.

(528) Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai

Shown in folder-0528. The grain size is 48.6–59.4 × 50.4–63.0 μm. The density of the lumina is 12–5/100 μm². (1977-VIII-12, Kochi City)

Cucumis

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to suboblate. The pores are circular with a diameter of 10.0–11.0 μm, have annuli, and may protrude slightly. The exine has ectexine = endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is finely reticulate.

(529) Cucumis sativus L.

Shown in folder-0529. The grain size is 45.0–55.8 × 39.6–43.2 μm. (1977-VI-18, Kochi City, planting)

(530) Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa Makino

Shown in folder-0530. The grain size is 43.2–50.4 × 39.6–41.4 μm. (1977-VIII-16, Kochi City, plantation)

(531) Cucumis melo L. var. utilissimus (Roxb.) Duthie et Fuller 'Albus'

Shown in folder-0531. The grain size is 36.0–52.2 × 28.8–36.0 μm. (1977-VI-18, Kochi City, plantation)

(532) Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis Naud.

Shown in folder-0532. The grain size is 43.2–50.4 × 27.0–37.8 μm. (1977-VI-15, Kochi City, plantation)

Cucurbita

Pollen grains are periporate, and the shape is spheroidal. The pores number 6–8, and are round with a diameter of 18.0 μm, and each has an operculum, but they are lost in fossils. The exine is 1.0 μm thick. The sculpture is echinate, and spines with a height of 5.5 μm are scattered on the surface at a density of 1–2/100 μm², and spinules of 1.0 μm or less are densely packed.

(533) Cucurbita maxima Duchesne ex Lam.

Shown in folder-0533. The grain size is 117.0–130.0 μm. (1977-VII-30, Kochi City, plantation)

Begoniaceae

Begonia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate to perprolate. The furrow is long and both ends are sharp, and scabrae are scattered on the upper surface of the furrow. The endoaperture is a horizontally long ellipse with a costa. The exine is thin, and the sculpture is a psilate.

(534) Begonia grandis Dryand.

Shown in folder-0534. The grain size is 9.0–10.0 × 18.0–21.6 μm. (1978-IX-13, Ohzu City)

Celastraceae

Euonymus and Celastrus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is oblate spheroidal. The furrow is long. The endoaperture is an ellipse slightly long in the equatorial direction. The exine has ectexine > endexine, it is 1.5 μm thick, and the intercolpium columellae are arranged in a crescent shape in the polar view. The sculpture is reticulate.

(535) Euonymus japonicus Thunb.

Shown in folder-0535. The grain size is 21.6–25.2 × 19.8–25.2 μm. (1977-VI-15, Kochi City)

(536) Euonymus oxyphyllus Miq. var. oxyphyllus

Shown in folder-0536. The grain size is 21.6–25.2 × 21.6–23.4 μm. (1960-V-20, Mt. Kuishi, Kochi Prefecture)

(537) Euonymus macropterus Rupr.

Shown in folder-0537. The grain size is 21.6–28.8 × 21.6–27.0 μm. (1957-VI-5, Mt. Shiraga, Kochi Prefecture)

(538) Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold f. alatus

Shown in folder-0538. The grain size is 27.0–28.8 × 27.0–30.6 μm. (1978-VI-20, Ohzu City)

(539) Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. var. orbiculatus

Shown in folder-0539. The grain size is 25.2–27.0 × 21.6–25.2 μm. (1973-IV-25, Godaisan, Kochi City)

Tripterygium

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is oblate spheroidal. The furrow is long. The endoaperture is an ellipse slightly long in the equatorial direction and has a costa. The exine has ectexine > endexine, it is 1.5 μm thick, and the intercolpium columellae are arranged in a crescent shape in the polar view. The sculpture is reticulate.

(540) Tripterygium regelii Sprague et Takeda

Shown in folder-0540. The grain size is 21.6–27.0 × 19.8–23.4 μm. (1965-IX, Sasagamine, Ehime Prefecture)

Oxalidaceae

Oxalis

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrows are long, and the verrucae are distributed on the upper surface of the furrows. The exine has ectexine = endexine, it is 1.8–2.0 μm thick, and the columellae are densely distributed. The sculpture is per-reticulate.

(541) Oxalis corniculata L.

Shown in folder-0541. The grain size is 28.8–37.8 μm. (1978-VI-22, Ohzu City)

(542) Oxalis griffithii Edgew. et Hook.f.

Shown in folder-0542. The grain size is 37.8–48.6 × 41.4–43.0 μm. (1961-VI, Mt. Tsutsujo, Ehime Prefecture)

Elaeocarpaceae

Elaeocarpus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The exine is 0.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(543) Elaeocarpus zollingeri K.Koch

Shown in folder-0543. The grain size is 7.2–8.1 × 7.2–9.0 μm. (1954-VII-16, Inabu, Kochi City)

(544) Elaeocarpus japonicus Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0544. The grain size is 9.0–10.0 × 10.8–12.6 μm. (1958-V-6, Yakushima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture)

Rhizophoraceae

Kandelia and Bruguiera

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The endoaperture is clear, horizontally oval, and protrudes with a costa. The exine is a tectate, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is verrucate.

(545) Kandelia obovata Sheue, H.Y. Liu et W.H.Yong

Shown in folder-0545. The grain size is 16.2–21.6 × 18.0–21.6 μm. (1977-VIII-20, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture)

(546) Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam.

Shown in folder-0546. The grain size is 16.2–19.8 × 16.2–18.0 μm. (1972-VIII-20, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture)

Euphorbiaceae

Vernicia

Pollen grains are inaperturate, and the shape is a spheroidal. The sculpture is baculate, the height of the bacula is 3.5–4.0 μm, and its cross section is a rounded triangular to polygonal surface. The density of the bacula is 3–6/25 μm².

(547) Vernicia cordata (Thunb.) Airy Shaw

Shown in folder-0547. The grain size is 59.4–72.0 μm. (1979-VI-3, Eiheiji, Fukui Prefecture, Morita)

Acalypha

Pollen grains are stephanocolporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular to subangular, and that of the equatorial view is subspheroidal. Each endoaperture is circular, 1.2 μm in diameter, slightly protruding, and has a costa. The exine is tectate, and it is 1.2 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate.

(548) Acalypha australis L.

Shown in folder-0548. The grain size is 16.2–19.8 μm. (1977-VII-28, Kochi City)

Alchornea

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is suboblate. The furrow is short, verrucae are scattered on the upper surface of the furrow, and the margo is slightly thickened. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(549) Alchornea davidii Franch.

Shown in folder-0549. The grain size is 25.2–28.8 × 19.8–21.6 μm. (1978-IV-14, Ohzu City, planting)

Mallotus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The width of the furrow is narrow. The endoaperture spreads around the equator, and there is a costa. The exine is tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and it is 2.7 μm thick. The sculpture is verrucate.

(550) Mallotus japonicus (L.f.) Müll.Arg.

Shown in folder-0550. The grain size is 21.6–25.2 × 25.2–27.0 μm. (1959-VI-15, Kochi City)

Ricinus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long, and the polar region is narrow. The endoaperture extends long around the equatorial plane, its size is 2.5 × 9.0 μm, and there is almost no costa development. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(551) Ricinus communis L.

Shown in folder-0551. The grain size is 23.4–25.0 × 21.6–27.0 μm. (1977-VII-9, Kochi City)

Mercurialis, Triadica, Neoshirakia, and Euphorbia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrow is long, and the scabra is distributed near the furrow. The endoaperture is a horizontal ellipse with a costa. The exine is semi-tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.8–2.5 μm thick. The tectum is almost smooth and difficult to distinguish in surface view, and the columellae directly below the tectum are visible.

(552) Mercurialis leiocarpa Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0552. The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 30.6–32.4 μm. (1976-Ⅲ-15, Kochi City)

(553) Triadica sebifera (L.) Small

Shown in folder-0553. The grain size is 30.6–36.0 × 39.6–41.4 μm. (1977-VII-5, Kochi University)

(554) Neoshirakia japonica (Siebold et Zucc.) Esser

Shown in folder-0554. The grain size is 30.6–34.2 × 37.8–41.4 μm. (1978-IV-14, Aobayama, Sendai City, Morita)

(555) Euphorbia sieboldiana C.Morren et Decne.

Shown in folder-0555. The grain size is 32.4–39.6 × 34.2–45.0 μm. (1979-V-21, Ohzu City)

(556) Euphorbia jolkinii Boiss.

Shown in folder-0556. The grain size is 36.0–43.2 × 45.0–54.0 μm. (1956-IV, Amami Oshima)

(557) Euphorbia helioscopia L.

Shown in folder-0557. The grain size is 34.2–37.8 × 37.8–41.4 μm. (1977-IV-26, Chiba City, Tahara)

(558) Euphorbia maculata L.

Shown in folder-0558. The grain size is 18.0–23.4 × 21.6–27.0 μm. (1976-VII-20, Kochi City)

(559) Euphorbia nutans Lag.

Shown in folder-0559. The grain size is 18.0–21.6 × 27.0–30.6 μm. (1978-VIII-29, Ohzu City)

Phyllanthaceae

Phyllanthus

Pollen grains are stephanocolporate or syncolpate.

(560) Phyllanthus lepidocarpus Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0560. The grain size is 14.4–18.0 × 23.4–25.2 μm. The pollen grains are stephanocolporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is prolate. The furrows number 3–6 and are long. The endoaperture is circular, 1.5 μm in diameter, and has a costa. The exine is tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate. (1978-IX-4, Ohzu City)

(561) Phyllanthus flexuosus (Siebold et Zucc.) Müll.Arg.

Shown in folder-0561. The grain size is 18.0–25.2 μm. The pollen grains are syncolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrows number 4–6, with a width of 1.5 μm, and are evenly arranged over the entire surface. At the center of each furrow a circular endoaperture with a diameter of 3.5 μm is located, and it has a costa. The exine is tectate, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the density of the lumina is 8–9/25 μm². (1970-IV-29, Otoyo Village, Kochi Prefecture)

Flueggea

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrow is long and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is circular, 2.5 μm in diameter, and has a costa. The exine is tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate.

(562) Flueggea suffruticosa (Pall.) Baill.

Shown in folder-0562. The grain size is 16.2–18.0 × 19.8–21.6 μm. (1977-VI-28, Kochi City)

Bischofia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular, and that of the equatorial view is prolate spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow extends in the polar direction and rarely fuses. The endoaperture is a horizontal ellipse. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(563) Bischofia javanica Blume

Shown in folder-0563. The grain size is 16.2–19.8 μm. (1976-VI-15, Kochi University, cultivated)

Salicaceae

Populus

Pollen grains are inaperturate, and the shape is spheroidal. The exine is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate, and the protrusions are relatively uniform.

(564) Populus tremula L. var. sieboldii (Miq.) Kudô

Shown in folder-0564. The grain size is 21.4–27.3 μm. (1941-Ⅳ-4, Sendai City)

(565) Populus suaveolens Fisch.

Shown in folder-0565. The grain size is 21.4–29.2 μm. (1940-Ⅴ-8, Sapporo City, Tatewaki)

Salix

Pollen grains are tricolpate, the shape is subprolate to prolate. The furrows are long with sharp tips, and extend in both polar directions. The exine is semi-tectate, and it is 1.5 μm thick, becoming thinner toward the furrows. The lumen is coarse in the intercolpium, becoming fine near the furrows, and the scabra is distributed near the furrow. The density of the lumina is approximately 15/25 μm², except for Salix arbutifolia and S. cardiophylla pollen.

(566) Salix arbutifolia Pall.

Shown in folder-0566. The grain size is 21.4–27.6 × 17.5–23.4 μm. The density of the lumina is 16–18/25 μm². (1979-Ⅳ-12, Sendai City, cultivated, Sugaya)

(567) Salix cardiophylla Trautv. et C.A.Mey. var. urbaniana (Seemen) Kudô

Shown in folder-0567. The grain size is 15.9–22.4 × 26.3–21.6 μm. The density of the lumina is 7–9/25 μm². (1960-Ⅴ-22, Yamagata City, Suda)

(568) Salix triandra L. subsp. nipponica (Franch. et Sav.) A.K.Skvortsov

Shown in folder-0568. The grain size is 13.8–17.7 × 17.5–22.4 μm. (1958-IV-27, Sendai City Hirosegawa, Suda)

(569) Salix × hiraoana Kimura nothosubsp. tsugaluensis (Koidz.) H.Ohashi et Yonek.

Shown in folder-0569. The grain size is 11.7–19.3 × 15.9–22.6 μm. (1960-V-3, Daitodake, Miyagi Prefecture, Ohashi)

(570) Salix sieboldiana Blume

Shown in folder-0570. The grain size is 12.6–17.5 × 17.5–21.8 μm. (1963-Ⅳ-10, Tohoku University, cultivated, Suda)

(571) Salix japonica Thunb.

Shown in folder-0571. The grain size is 14.6–20.4 × 19.5–24.3 μm. (1951-Ⅲ-27, Izu Shirokaneyama, Ohashi)

(572) Salix koriyanagi Kimura ex Goerz

Shown in folder-0572. The grain size is 12.6–17.5 × 17.5–22.4 μm. (1960-Ⅲ-22, Sendai City Kitayama, Suda)

(573) Salix miyabeana Seemen subsp. gymnolepis (H.Lév. et Vaniot) H.Ohashi et Yonek.

Shown in folder-0573. The grain size is 13.6–19.5 × 19.5–27.3 μm. (1964-IV-5, Sendai City Natorigawa, Suda)

(574) Salix integra Thunb.

Shown in folder-0574. The grain size is 14.0–21.4 × 19.3–23.2 μm. (1961-Ⅳ-12, Sendai City Hyojyougawara, Suda)

(575) Salix babylonica L.

Shown in folder-0575. The grain size is 15.6–19.8 × 19.8–28.2 μm. (1975-Ⅲ-15, Kochi City)

(576) Salix babylonica L. var. matsudana (Koidz.) H.Ohashi et Yonek. 'Tortuosa'

Shown in folder-0576. The grain size is 15.4–21.6 × 19.5–29.2 μm. (1960-Ⅳ-17, Tohoku University, cultivated, Suda)

(577) Salix caprea L.

Shown in folder-0577. The grain size is 15.6–18.5 × 19.5–25.3 μm. (1961-Ⅳ-19, Mt. Zao, Yamagata Prefecture, Suda)

(578) Salix chaenomeloides Kimura

Shown in folder-0578. The grain size is 17.5–23.4 × 11.7–17.5 μm. (1977-IV-10, Kochi City)

(579) Salix gracilistyla Miq.

Shown in folder-0579. The grain size is 13.6–18.5 × 19.6–25.7 μm. (1964-Ⅲ-23, Sendai City Hanareyama, Suda)

(580) Salix vulpina Andersson subsp. vulpina

Shown in folder-0580. The grain size is 13.6–19.5 × 19.5–23.2 μm. (1956-IV-29, Miyatojima, Miyagi Prefecture, Kyogoku)

(581) Salix schwerinii E.L.Wolf 'Kinuyanagi'

Shown in folder-0581. The grain size is 13.6–20.0 × 19.6–26.3 μm. (1953-Ⅲ-31, Asaka, Saitama Prefecture, Ohashi)

(582) Salix udensis Trautv. et C.A.Mey.

Shown in folder-0582. The grain size is 11.7–19.5 × 19.5–25.3 μm. (1959-Ⅲ-19, Hachimancho, Sendai City, Suda)

(583) Salix dolichostyla Seemen subsp. serissifolia (Kimura) H.Ohashi et H.Nakai

Shown in folder-0583. The grain size is 14.6–29.2 × 17.5–28.2 μm. (1949-VI, Todai, Nagano Prefecture, Sugaya)

(584) Salix reinii Franch. et Sav. ex Seemen

Shown in folder-0584. The grain size is 15.6–21.4 × 21.4–36.0 μm. (1939-VII-16, Mt. Hakkoda, Aomori Prefecture)

(585) Salix nakamurana Koidz. subsp. nakamurana

Shown in folder-0585. The grain size is 17.5–24.3 × 21.4–31.2 μm. (1949-VII, Mt. Daisetsu, Sugaya)

Xylosma

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrow is long and the margo is thickened. The pores are horizontal oval and have costae. The exine has ectexine = endexine, and is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and it is almost uniform over the entire surface.

(586) Xylosma congesta (Lour.) Merr.

Shown in folder-0586. The grain size is 12.6–14.4 × 16.2–18.0 μm. (1977-IX-23, Kochi City)

Violaceae

Viola

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long, the polar region is narrow, and the verrucae are scattered on the upper surface of the furrow. The margo is slightly thickened. The endoaperture is round, and has a diameter of 5.0 μm. The exine has ectexine ≥ endexine, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate.

(587) Viola grypoceras A.Gray var. grypoceras

Shown in folder-0587. The grain size is 23.4–28.8 × 25.2–30.6 μm. (1978-IV-23, Ohzu City)

(588) Viola ovato-oblonga (Miq.) Makino

Shown in folder-0588. The grain size is 25.2–32.4 × 30.6–37.8 μm. (1978-Ⅲ-22, Ohzu City)

(589) Viola eizanensis (Makino) Makino

Shown in folder-0589. The grain size is 36.0–43.2 × 43.2–48.6 μm. (1937-IV-20, Okutama, Tokyo)

(590) Viola biflora L.

Shown in folder-0590. The grain size is 23.4–28.8 × 25.2–32.4 μm. (1937-VI, Yatsugatake, Nagano Prefecture)

(591) Viola violacea Makino var. violacea

Shown in folder-0591. The grain size is 21.6–25.2 × 32.4–37.8 μm. The view of the equator is sometimes prolate. (1978-IV-6, Ohzu City)

Linaceae

Linum

Pollen grains are periporate, and the shape is spheroidal. The pores number more than 15, and are circular or slightly irregular, with a diameter of 5.0 μm. The exine is 3.5 μm thick. The sculpture is baculate, and small bacula are densely arranged, and large bacula are scattered among them.

(592) Linum stelleroides Planch.

Shown in folder-0592. The grain size is 54.0–64.8 μm. (1956-VIII, Teine, Sapporo)

Guttiferae

Hypericum and Triadenum

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate to prolate. The furrow is long and the margo is slightly thickened. The periphery of the germination mouth protrudes slightly, and the endoaperture is circular. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate and sometimes scabrate. The brochi are almost uniform and fine over the entire surface and disappear from view with a slight shift in focus when viewed under a microscope.

(593) Hypericum monogynum L.

Shown in folder-0593. The grain size is 12.6–16.2 × 18.0–23.4 μm. The margo shows little thickening, and the sculpture is scabrate. (1977-VII-3, Asakawa Experimental Forest, Tokyo, Morita)

(594) Hypericum ascyron L. subsp. ascyron var. ascyron

Shown in folder-0594. The grain size is 16.2–18.0 × 21.6–23.4 μm. (1961-VII, Tenguzuka, Tokushima Prefecture)

(595) Hypericum sikokumontanum Makino

Shown in folder-0595. The grain size is 12.6–16.2 × 16.2–19.8 μm. (1958-VIII-29, Sasagamine, Ehime Prefecture)

(596) Hypericum nakaii H.Koidz. subsp. nakaii

Shown in folder-0596. The grain size is 14.4–16.2 × 18.0–23.4 μm. (1960-VII, Samani, Hokkaido)

(597) Hypericum senanense Maxim. subsp. mutiloides (R.Keller) N.Robson

Shown in folder-0597. The grain size is 12.6–14.4 × 16.2–19.8 μm. (1955-VIII-25, Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture)

(598) Hypericum erectum Thunb.

Shown in folder-0598. (1978-VIII-4, Yodoe, Tottori Prefecture)

(599) Triadenum japonicum (Blume) Makino

Shown in folder-0599. The grain size is 18.0–21.6 × 19.8–25.2 μm. (1976-VIII-4, Hirugano, Gifu Prefecture, Morita)

Geraniaceae

Geranium

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subspheroidal. The furrows are spindle-shaped, and 21.0 μm in length. The exine is an intact, and it is 7.0 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and has densely arranged clavae.

(600) Geranium shikokianum Matsum. var. kaimontanum (Honda) Honda et H.Hara

Shown in folder-0600. The grain size is 79.2–90.0 μm. (1936-VIII, Mitsutoge, Yamanashi Prefecture)

(601) Geranium krameri Franch. et Sav.

Shown in folder-0601. The grain size is 88.2–99.0 μm. (1977-VII-28, Chiba City, Tahara)

(602) Geranium thunbergii Siebold ex Lindl. et Paxton f. pallidum (Nakai ex H.Hara) Murata

Shown in folder-0602. The grain size is 81.0–86.4 μm. (1976-VIII-15, Kochi City)

(603) Geranium thunbergii Siebold ex Lindl. et Paxton

Shown in folder-0603. The grain size is 68.4–77.4 μm. (1976-VIII-15, Kochi City)

Lythraceae

Lagerstroemia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is planaperturate, semi-angular to subangular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The length of the furrow is half of the polar length. The endoaperture protrudes in a circular or elliptical shape. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 4.5–5.5 μm thick in the mesocolpium and apocolpium. The sculpture is rugulate. Small pollen with inconspicuous thickening of the exine is mixed.

(604) Lagerstroemia indica L.

Shown in folder-0604. The grain size is 28.8–36.0 × 36.0–43.2 μm. (1977-Ⅷ-16, Kochi City)

(605) Lagerstroemia subcostata Koehne

Shown in folder-0605. The grain size is 27.0–28.8 × 28.8–34.2 μm. (1972-IX, Kagoshima University)

Rotala

Pollen grains are syncolpate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular to subangular of the planaperturate and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrows are fused near the pole. The endoaperture is circular. The exine has ectexine = endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate.

(606) Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne

Shown in folder-0606. The grain size is 18.0–21.6 × 23.4–25.2 μm. (1977-IX-8, Kitakyushu City, Hatanaka)

Ammannia

Pollen grains are heterocolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate to prolate. Furrows with and without an endoaperture are arranged on the equatorial plane. The furrows with an endoaperture are wider than the furrows without it, and the furrows without the endoaperture often fuse near the poles. There are 3–4 endoapertures, which are circular and small. The exine has ectexine > endexine.

(607) Ammannia coccinea Rottb.

Shown in folder-0607. The grain size is 16.2–19.8 × 23.4–27.0 μm. The pollen grains are scabrate. (1977-IV-13, Kochi City)

(608) Ammannia multiflora Roxb.

Shown in folder-0608. The grain size is 16.2–21.6 × 19.8–27.0 μm. The pollen grains are striate to rugulate. (1977-VIII-7, Kochi City)

Lythrum

Pollen grains are heterocolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. Furrows with and without an endoaperture are arranged on the equatorial plane. The surface of the furrows is covered with granules. There are 3 endoapertures. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and the sculpture is striate.

(609) Lythrum anceps (Koehne) Makino

Shown in folder-0609. There are two grain sizes: large and small. Large: 23.4–30.6 × 25.2–30.6 μm and small: 18.0–21.6 × 18.0 μm. (1978-X-8, Ohzu City)

Sonneratia

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is planaperturate subangular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate to prolate. The pores have a diameter of 5.0–7.0 μm and protrude substantially. The exine is tectate, and the sculpture is rugulate.

(610) Sonneratia alba Sm.

Shown in folder-0610. The grain size is 30.6–36.0 × 32.4–48.6 μm. (1973-IV-4, Iriomote Island, Okinawa Prefecture)

Punica

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long and wide, and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is prominent. The exine is tectate, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate.

(611) Punica granatum L.

Shown in folder-0611. The grain size is 18.0–25.2 × 27.0–28.8 μm. (1977-VI-14, Kochi City)

Trapa

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to suboblate. Three air sac-like folds formed by the separation of the two layers of the exine extend in both polar directions, and these merge at the poles. The furrows are positioned on the folds of the equator. The height of the folds is 18.0 μm on the polar surface and 5.5 μm on the equatorial surface. The length of the furrows is 36.0–37.0 μm. The sculpture, except for the folds, is scabrate.

(612) Trapa japonica Flerow

Shown in folder-0612. The grain size is 45.0 × 50.4 μm (excluding folds). (1977-VIII-11. Sanyo Town, Okayama Prefecture)

Onagraceae

Circaea

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is angular to semi-lobate and that of the equatorial view is suboblate to oblate. The pores are located on the equator and have large cylindrical to triangular pyramid-shaped vestibula. The ratio of the pollen grain diameter to the vestibulum depth is 2.5 or less. The exine is tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate.

(613) Circaea erubescens Franch. et Sav.

Shown in folder-0613. The major axis is 43.2–46.8 μm (including pores). (1957-VIII, Befu Gorge, Kochi Prefecture)

(614) Circaea alpina L. subsp. alpina

Shown in folder-0614. The major axis is 32.4–36.0 μm (including pores). (1957-VIII, Ishidateyama, Kochi Prefecture)

(615) Circaea mollis Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0615. The major axis is 43.2–46.8 μm (including pores). (1977-IX-21. Aobayama, Sendai City, Morita)

(616) Circaea cordata Royle

Shown in folder-0616. The major axis is 52.2–63.0 μm (including pores). The sculpture is sometimes rugulate. (1935-VIII, Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture)

Oenothera

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is angular to semi-lobate and that of the equatorial view is suboblate to oblate. The pores are located on the equator and have large cylindrical to triangular pyramid-shaped vestibula. The ratio of the pollen grain diameter to the vestibulum depth is 2.5 or less. The exine is tectate, and has ectexine > endexine. The sculpture is scabrate.

(617) Oenothera stricta Ledeb. ex Link

Shown in folder-0617. The grain size is 138.6–153.0 μm (including pores). The thickness of the sculpture is 4.5 μm. (1977-VII-20, Kochi City)

Epilobium and Chamaenerion

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular to angular and that of the equatorial view is suboblate to oblate. The pores are located on the equator and have large cylindrical to triangular pyramid-shaped vestibula. The ratio of the diameter of the pollen grain to the depth of the vestibulum is 2.5 or more. The exine is 5.4 μm thick, and the ectexine is 3.6 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate.

(618) Epilobium pyrricholophum Franch. et Sav.

Shown in folder-0618. The grain size is 63.0–75.6 μm (including pores). (1935-VIII, Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture)

(619) Epilobium amurense Hausskn. subsp. cephalostigma (Hausskn.) C.J.Chen, Hoch et P.H.Raven

Shown in folder-0619. The grain size is 54.0–57.6 μm (including pores). (1978-VII-23, Mt. Hakkoda, M. Yamanaka)

(620) Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. subsp. angustifolium

Shown in folder-0620. The grain size is 64.8–72.0 μm (including pores). (1960-VIII, Furano, Hokkaido)

Ludwigia

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular to angular and that of the equatorial view is suboblate to oblate. The pores are located on the equator and have large cylindrical to triangular pyramid-shaped vestibula. The ratio of the diameter of the pollen grain to the depth of the vestibulum is 2.5 or more. The exine is 5.4 μm thick, the ectexine is 3.6 μm thick, and there is a Y-shaped thickened part on the proximal pole side. The sculpture is scabrate, sometimes rugulate.

(621) Ludwigia epilobioides Maxim. subsp. epilobioides

Shown in folder-0621. The grain size is 54.0–59.4 μm (including pores). (1977-IX-16, Kochi City)

(622) Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P.H.Raven subsp. stipulacea (Ohwi) P.H.Raven

Shown in folder-0622. The grain size is 54.0–66.6 μm (including pores). (1959-VIII, Tei, Kochi Prefecture)

Melastornataceae

Melastoma

Pollen grains are heterocolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. There are 6 furrows and 3 pores. The endoaperture is circular, has a diameter of 3.0 μm, and does not protrude. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate.

(623) Melastoma candidum D.Don

Shown in folder-0623. The grain size is 12.6–18.0 × 18.0–23.4 μm. (1978-IX-15, Planting, Ohzu City)

Staphyleaceae

Staphylea

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subspheroidal. The furrow is long and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is circular or elliptical and has a costa. The exine has ectexine = endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick, and the sculpture is a reticulate.

(624) Staphylea bumalda DC.

Shown in folder-0624. The grain size is 28.8–39.6 × 30.6–34.2 μm. The endoaperture is a horizontal ellipse with a major axis of 7.0 μm. (1958-VI, Tenguzuka, Tokushima Prefecture)

(625) Staphylea japonica (Thunb.) Mabb.

Shown in folder-0625. The grain size is 25.2–27.0 × 23.4–28.8 μm. The endoaperture is circular and has a diameter of 6.0 μm, and the brochi are slightly unclear. (1977-V-15, Kochi City)

Stachyuraceae

Stachyurus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The endoaperture is elliptical, it forms a fastigium and protrudes. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(626) Stachyurus praecox Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0626. The grain size is 18.0–21.6 × 18.0–21.6 μm. (1970-II-15, Kochi City)

Anacardiaceae

Toxicodendron

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrow is long and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is a horizontal oblong with a major axis of 7.0 μm and has a costa. The exine has ectexine = endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is a composite of striate and reticulate, and the brochi appear to flow when the focal point is moved when viewed under a microscope.

(627) Toxicodendron trichocarpum (Miq.) Kuntze

Shown in folder-0627. The grain size is 18.0–23.4 × 25.2–27.0 μm. (1953-V-15, Kochi City)

(628) Toxicodendron sylvestre (Siebold et Zucc.) Kuntze

Shown in folder-0628. The grain size is 21.6–27.0 × 25.2–30.6 μm. The sculpture can sometimes be reticulate. (1978-VI-12, Ozu City)

Rhus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrow is long, and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is oblong in the horizontal direction, its major axis is 7.0 μm, and it has a costa. The exine has ectexine = endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is striate but often the brochi form complex type of obscure striate and reticulate patterning.

(629) Rhus javanica L. var. chinensis (Mill.) T.Yamaz.

Shown in folder-0629. The grain size is 23.4–25.2 × 28.8–32.4 μm. (1976-VI, Yagotoyama, Nagoya City, Morita)

Sapindaceae

Acer

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is prolate spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long and sharp at both ends, and the periphery of the germination mouth does not protrude. The exine is 1.8 μm thick, and the sculpture is striate. The genus can be divided into two groups, as follows.

Type I: The endoaperture is circular to slightly oval with a diameter of 5.0 μm. The striae are deeply carved and distinct.

(630) Acer sieboldianum Miq.

Shown in folder-0630. The grain size is 21.6–25.2 × 23.4–28.8 μm. (1978-V-2, Mt. Inamura, Kochi Prefecture, M. Yamanaka)

(631) Acer shirasawanum Koidz.

Shown in folder-0631. The grain size is 25.2–27.0 × 28.8–34.2 μm. (1978-V-2, Ohzu City)

(632) Acer rufinerve Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0632. The grain size is 21.6–23.4 × 25.2–28.8 μm. (1957-V, Tosayama Village, Kochi Prefecture)

(633) Acer palmatum Thunb.

Shown in folder-0633. The grain size is 21.6–27.0 × 25.2–28.8 μm. (1973-IV-14, Ohzu City, cultivated)

(634) Acer ukurunduense Trautv. et C.A.Mey.

Shown in folder-0634. The grain size is 19.8–25.2 × 25.2–32.4 μm. (1968-VI-23, Mt. Hakkoda, Hibino)

Type II: The endoaperture is indistinct, and the striae valla are fine and slightly indistinct.

(635) Acer tschonoskii Maxim.

Shown in folder-0635. The grain size is 19.8–23.4 × 21.6–23.4 μm. (1978-VI-20, Mt. Hakkoda, M. Yamanaka)

(636) Acer buergerianum Miq.

Shown in folder-0636. The grain size is 19.8–25.2 × 23.4–28.8 μm. (1978-V-5, Jindai Botanical Garden, Tokyo, Kuroda)

(637) Acer argutum Maxim.

Shown in folder-0637. The grain size is 19.8–25.2 × 27.0–32.4 μm. (1961-VI, Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture)

(638) Acer tataricum L. subsp. aidzuense (Franch.) P.C.de Jong

Shown in folder-0638. The grain size is 23.4–25.2 × 21.6–27.0 μm. (1976-V-10, Godaisan, Kochi City)

Aesculus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is prolate. The furrow is long, the margo is thickened, and spinules are scattered on the upper surface of the furrow. The endoaperture is circular or elliptical and has a costa. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate or striate.

(639) Aesculus turbinata Blume

Shown in folder-0639. The grain size is 12.6–19.8 × 19.8–27.0 μm. The sculpture is scabrate. (1968-VI-25, Mt. Hakkoda, Hibino)

(640) Aesculus hippocastanum L.

Shown in folder-0640. The sculpture is scabrate.

Sapindus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the polar view is subangular to angular and that of the equatorial view is oblate. The furrow is long, the margo is thin, and the polar region is narrow. The endoaperture is circular, has a diameter of 2.0 μm, and protrudes. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(641) Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.

Shown in folder-0641. The grain size is 12.6–18.0 × 10.8–12.6 μm. (1965-VI-4, Kochi University)

Cardiospermum

Pollen grains are triporate and heteropolar. The shape of the polar view is subangular to angular and that of the equatorial view is curved toward the distal pole side, and the proximal pole side is slightly flat oblate. A Y-shaped scar runs toward each pore on the proximal pole surface. The pores are located at each vertex and protrude. The exine has ectexine = endexine, and it is 2.5–3.5 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate.

(642) Cardiospermum halicacabum L. var. microcarpum (Kunth) Blume

Shown in folder-0642. The length of one side is approximately 45.0 μm. (1972-VIII-25, Miyakojima Island, Okinawa Prefecture)

Rutaceae

Zanthoxylum

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrow is long. The endoaperture is elongated horizontally and has a costa. The sculpture is reticulate, and the brochi become finer from the intercolpium to the furrow.

(643) Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) DC.

Shown in folder-0643. The grain size is 14.4–18.0 × 20.7–23.4 μm. The sculpture becomes striate and sometimes scabrate near the furrow. (1978-IV-28, Ohzu City)

(644) Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0644. The grain size is 18.0–21.6 × 23.4–27.0 μm. The exine has ectexine = endexine, it is 1.8 μm thick, and the muri are connected such that they are curved. The density of the lumina is 5–7/25 μm². (1977-VIII-14, Kochi City)

(645) Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0645. The grain size is 18.0–21.6 × 23.4–27.0 μm. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and the muri are connected such that they are curved. The density of the lumina is 3/25 μm². (1959-VIII-16, Kochi City)

Boenninghausenia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate to prolate, resembling a rugby ball. The furrow is long and the margo is slightly thickened. The endoaperture is elongated in the horizontal direction and has a costa. The exine is tectate, and it is 1.2 μm thick. The sculpture is psilate.

(646) Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Rchb. ex Meisn. var. japonica (Nakai ex Makino et Nemoto) Suzuki

Shown in folder-0646. The grain size is 14.4–19.8 × 25.2–28.8 μm. (1962-VIII. Ota-ogoshi, Kochi Prefecture)

Phellodendron

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is prolate spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long. The endoaperture is elongated horizontally and has a costa. The exine is tectate, and has ectexine > endexine. The sculpture is reticulate, and the muri are connected such that they are curved. The brochi become finer from the intercolpium to the furrow, and the density of the lumina is 5–6/25 μm².

(647) Phellodendron amurense Rupr.

Shown in folder-0647. The grain size is 30.6–39.6 × 32.4–43.2 μm. (1978-VII, Towada Village, Aomori Prefecture, Morita)

Orixa and Skimmia

Pollen grains are stephanocolporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrows are long, and the margines are thickened. The endoaperture is elongated in the horizontal direction and has a costa. The exine is tectate, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is a composite type of striate and reticulate, and it appears that the mesh is flowing when the focus is shifted under a microscope.

(648) Orixa japonica Thunb.

Shown in folder-0648. The grain size is 19.8–25.2 × 21.6–28.8 μm. (1977-IV-20, Kochi City)

(649) Skimmia japonica Thunb. var. japonica

Shown in folder-0649. The grain size is 25.2–34.2 × 32.4–45.0 μm. (1963-IV-21, Mt. Kuishi, Kochi Prefecture)

Citrus

Pollen grains are stephanocolporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is prolate spheroidal to subprolate. The furrows are long. The endoaperture is horizontally elongate and has a costa. The exine is tectate, has ectexine ≥ endexine, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate.

(650) Citrus tachibana (Makino) Tanaka

Shown in folder-0650. The grain size is 19.8–27.0 × 25.2–27.0 μm. The density of the lumina is 15–18/25 μm². (1964-V, Hayama Village, Kochi Prefecture)

(651) Citrus trifoliata L.

Shown in folder-0651. The grain size is 27.0–36.0 × 30.6–36.0 μm. The density of the lumina is 5–12/25 μm². (1977-IV-15. Kochi City)

(652) Citrus japonica Thunb.

Shown in folder-0652. The grain size is 21.6–23.4 × 23.4–25.2 μm. (1977-V-11, Chiba City, Tahara)

Simaroubaceae

Ailanthus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subspheroidal to subprolate. The endoaperture is elongated in the equatorial direction. The exine is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, but in the vicinity of the furrow, it is striate and sometimes changes to scabrate.

(653) Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle

Shown in folder-0653. The grain size is 21.6–28.8 × 25.2–28.8 μm. (1979-V-31, Hirabari, Nagoya City, Morita)

Meliaceae

Melia

Pollen grains are stephanocolporate, and the shape of the polar view is slightly semi-angular to circular and that of the equatorial view is subspheroidal to subprolate. The margo is thickened. The endoaperture has a diameter of 5.5 μm and a costa. The exine is 2.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(654) Melia azedarach L. var. subtripinnata Miq.

Shown in folder-0654. The grain size is 36.0–43.2 × 41.4–45.0 μm. (1976-V-11, Kochi City)

Malvaceae

Tilia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is suboblate to oblate. The furrow is short and slit-like. The endoaperture is circular or oval, and the endexine is thickened such that it surrounds the endoaperture. The exine has ectexine = endexine, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate.

(655) Tilia kiusiana Makino et Shiras.

Shown in folder-0655. The grain size is 32.4–36.0 × 16.2–21.6 μm. (1977-VII-31, Higashiyama Botanical Garden, Nagoya City, Morita)

(656) Tilia miqueliana Maxim.

Shown in folder-0656. The grain size is 32.4–39.6 × 18.0–19.8 μm. The sculpture is scabrate to verrucate. (1940-VII-12, Tohoku University)

(657) Tilia japonica (Miq.) Simonk.

Shown in folder-0657. The grain size is 30.6–36.0 × 18.0–23.4 μm. (1977-VII-31, Higashiyama Botanical Garden, Nagoya City, Morita)

(658) Tilia maximowicziana Shiras.

Shown in folder-0658. The grain size is 34.2–41.4 × 19.8–25.2 μm. (1960-VIII, Furano, Hokkaido)

Corchoropsis

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape is spheroidal. The pores are circular and 7.0–9.0 μm in diameter, and each pore has a thickened annulus. The exine has developed columellae, and is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture includes spinules with a height of 2.0–3.0 μm, distributed at a density of 2–4/100 μm².

(659) Corchoropsis crenata Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0659. The grain size is 41.4–54.0 μm. (1977-IX-21, Kochi City)

Triumphetta

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is prolate to perprolate. The furrow is long, and the margo is slightly thickened. The endoaperture is a horizontal ellipse with a major axis of 3.5 μm and a costa. The exine is tectate, and has ectexine ≤ endexine. The sculpture is reticulate.

(660) Triumfetta japonica Makino

Shown in folder-0660. The grain size is 18.0–27.0 × 39.6–43.0 μm, (1977-IX-21, Kochi City)

Sida, Alcea, Abelmoschus and Hibiscus

Pollen grains are periporate, and the shape is spheroidal. The grains are large or very large. The pores are circular. The exine develops columellae. The sculpture is echinate, and the spines are scattered on the surface.

(661) Sida rhombifolia L. subsp. rhombifolia

Shown in folder-0661. The pores number 10 or more, and are 3.5 μm in diameter. Blunt spines with a height of 3.5 μm are scattered at a density of 2–3/100 μm². The thickness of the exine excluding the spines is 2.5 μm. The grain size is 59.4–68.4 μm. (1973-IV-5, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture)

(662) Alcea rosea L.

Shown in folder-0662. The pores number more than 100, have a diameter of 2.0 μm, and are distributed at a density of 1–2/100 μm². Sharp-headed spines with a height of 7.0 μm are scattered, and the distance between the protrusions is 9.0–12.0 μm. The thickness of the exine excluding the spines is 5.4 μm. The grain size is 99.0–135.0 μm. (1977-VI-30, Kochi City)

(663) Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik.

Shown in folder-0663. The pores number 50 or more and have a diameter of 5.0 μm. Blunt spines with a height of 25.0–27.0 μm are scattered, and the protrusion intervals are 25.0–36.0 μm. The thickness of the exine excluding the spines is 3.5 μm. The grain size is 156.0 μm (excluding the spines). (1978-VIII-20, Ohzu City)

(664) Hibiscus mutabilis L.

Shown in folder-0664. The grain size is 144.0–156.0 μm. (1978-VIII-29, Ohzu City)

(665) Hibiscus hamabo Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0665. There are approximately 30 pores with a diameter of 5.0–7.0 μm. Sharp-headed spines with a height of 18.0 μm are scattered, and the intervals are 18.0–20.0 μm. The grain size is 99.0 μm. (1976-VII-7, Kochi City)

(666) Hibiscus syriacus L.

Shown in folder-0666. There are approximately 15 pores with a pore diameter of 18.0 μm. The grain size is 126.0–158.0 μm. (1976-VII-7, Kochi City)

Abutilon

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape is spheroidal. The furrow is short and obscure. The endoaperture has a costa. The exine is echinate, and spines with a height of 3.5 μm are scattered at a density of 1–3/100 μm². The thickness of the exine excluding the spines is 3.0 μm.

(667) Abutilon theophrasti Medik.

Shown in folder-0667. The grain size is 39.6–45.0 μm. (1978-VIII-25, Ohzu City)

Firmiana

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrow is long. The endoaperture is slightly elongated in the horizontal direction. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 3.5 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate and is placed on the entire surface such that small brochi surround slightly larger brochi.

(668) Firmiana simplex (L.) W.F.Wight

Shown in folder-0668. The grain size is 30.6–36.0 × 41.4–45.0 μm. (1977-VI-25, Kochi City)

Thymelaeaceae

Diplomorpha, Daphne, and Edgeworthia

Pollen grains are periporate, and the shape is spheroidal. There are approximately 15 pores with a diameter of 1.0 μm. The exine has developed columellae, has ectexine > endexine, and it is 2.0–2.5 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate with a croton pattern.

(669) Diplomorpha ganpi (Siebold et Zucc.) Nakai

Shown in folder-0669. The grain size is 19.8–23.4 μm. (1977-VIII-11, Sanyo Town, Okayama Prefecture)

(670) Diplomorpha sikokiana (Franch. et Sav.) Honda

Shown in folder-0670. The grain size is 18.0–23.4 μm. (1968-V-19, Kochi City)

(671) Daphne kiusiana Miq.

Shown in folder-0671. The grain size is 23.4–30.6 μm. (1955-Ⅲ, Muroto City, Kochi Prefecture)

(672) Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl.

Shown in folder-0672. The grain size is 30.6–34.2 μm. (1977-Ⅲ-10, Kochi City)

Cruciferae

Raphanus, Capsella, Draba, Arabis, and Cardamine

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrows are long, and scabrae are distributed on the upper surface of the furrows. The exine is tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. In the polar view, the columellae of the intercolpi are arranged in a crescent shape. The sculpture is reticulate.

(673) Raphanus sativus L. var. hortensis Backer

Shown in folder-0673. The grain size is 16.2–23.4 μm. (1978-Ⅲ-11, Ohzu City)

(674) Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.

Shown in folder-0674. The grain size is 12.6–18.0 μm. (1978-IV-1, Ohzu City)

(675) Draba sakuraii Makino var. nipponica (Makino) Takeda

Shown in folder-0675. The grain size is 18.0–23.4 μm. (1950-VII, Mt. Shibutsu, Gunma Prefecture)

(676) Arabis serrata Franch. et Sav. var. shikokiana (Nakai) Ohwi

Shown in folder-0676. The grain size is 18.0–23.4 μm. (1958-V-17, Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture)

(677) Cardamine leucantha (Tausch) O.E.Schulz

Shown in folder-0677. The grain size is 16.2–21.6 μm. (1961-VI-10, Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture)

(678) Cardamine lyrata Bunge

Shown in folder-0678. The grain size is 21.6–27.0 μm. (1978-V-15, Ohzu City)

(679) Cardamine scutata Thunb.

Shown in folder-0679. The brochi are rather coarse, the density of the lumina is 5–7/25 μm², and the density is slightly higher near the furrows and on both polar surfaces. The grain size is 18.0–23.4 μm. (1959-V-15, Shiragayama, Kochi Prefecture)

Santalaceae

Thesium

Pollen grains are tricolpate. The pollen is heteropolar, and the ridge with the proximal plane as the apex is a rounded tetrahedron. The furrows are arranged on the 3 ridges toward the proximal surface. The sculpture at the center of each surface is reticulate.

(680) Thesium chinense Turcz.

Shown in folder-0680. The density of the lumina is 7–10/25 μm². The grain size is 21.1–28.8 μm. (1978-Ⅳ-15, Aobayama, Sendai City, Morita)

Buckleya

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is suboblate. The endoaperture is distinct. The exine has ectexine = endexine. The sculpture is striate, but the carving is shallow and unclear.

(681) Buckleya lanceolata (Siebold et Zucc.) Miq.

Shown in folder-0681. The grain size is 21.1–24.9 × 16.3–23.0 μm. (1978-V-31, Aobayama, Sendai City, Morita)

Viscum

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrow is wide. The endoaperture is indistinct. The exine has ectexine > endexine. The sculpture is a mixture of baculate and clavate elements. These elements have a diameter of approximately 1.5 μm, a height of 2.0–3.0 μm, and a density of 4–6/100 μm².

(682) Viscum album L. subsp. coloratum Kom.

Shown in folder-0682. The grain size is 28.8–38.4 μm. (1977-Ⅲ-27, Ise City, Morita)

Tamaricaceae

Tamarix

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrows are long. The exine has ectexine = endexine, and it is 1.0 μm thick, becoming thinner near the furrows. The sculpture is per-reticulate. The lumina are coarse in the intercolpi and fine in the vicinity of the furrows. Scabrae are distributed.

(683) Tamarix chinensis Lour.

Shown in folder-0683. The grain size is 14.4–16.2 × 14.4–16.2 μm. (1977-V-20, Kochi City)

Plumbaginaceae

Limonium

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal.The exine is thick, the endexine is 1.0 μm, and the ectexine is 5.0–6.0 μm. The sculpture is coarse reticulate and the muri consist of bacula. The lumina are smooth or scattered with scabrae.

(684) Limonium wrightii (Hance) Kuntze var. arbusculum (Maxim.) H.Hara

Shown in folder-0684. The grain size is 72.0–81.0 μm. There is a spinule at the tip of the baculum. (1972-VIII, Miyakojima, Okinawa Prefecture)

(685) Limonium tetragonum (Thunb.) A.A.Bullock

Shown in folder-0685. There is no spinule at the tip of the baculum. The grain size is 45.0–72.0 μm. (1963-Ⅺ, Sukumo City, Kochi Prefecture)

Polygonaceae

Rumex

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrow is narrow and slit-shaped. The endoaperture is circular or slightly elliptical. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.5–2.0 μm. The sculpture is reticulate. The brochi are almost uniform over the entire surface, but disappear from view with a slight focal adjustment when viewed under a microscope.

(686) Rumex acetosa L.

Shown in folder-0686. The grain size is 15.3–19.2 μm. (1970-VI-20, Kochi City)

(687) Rumex japonicus Houtt.

Shown in folder-0687. Pollen grains are often pericolporate. The furrow is long and almost reaches the pole. The grain size is 25.9–31.6 μm. (1977-V-26, Kochi City)

Polygonum

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate to prolate. The endoaperture extends around the equator and has a costa. The exine has ectexine > endexine. The sculpture is uniform baculate, and the bacula reach near the furrow.

(688) Polygonum aviculare L. subsp. aviculare

Shown in folder-0688. The grain size is 20.1–26.8 × 25.9–28.8 μm. (1977-Ⅵ-22，Kochi City)

Bistorta

Pollen grains are tricorporate, the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate to prolate. The endoaperture has a long oval shape with the long axis orientated in the equatorial direction, and it has a costa. The exine has ectexine > endexine. The element of the sculpture is baculate, and the bacula become thick and coarse near the poles.

(689) Bistorta tenuicaulis (Bisset et S.Moore) Nakai var. tenuicaulis

Shown in folder-0689. The grain size is 32.6–36.4 × 36.4–40.3 μm. (1937-VI-2, Amariyama, Yamanashi Prefecture)

(690) Bistorta officinalis Delarbre subsp. japonica (H.Hara) Yonek.

Shown in folder-0690. The grain size is 32.4–36.0 × 39.6–46.8 μm. (1935-VIII, Onogahara, Ehime Prefecture)

Fallopia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The endoaperture extends around the equator and has a costa. The exine is 2.0–2.5 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate. The brochi are almost uniform over the entire surface, but disappear from view with a slight focal adjustment when viewed under a microscope.

(691) Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Haraldson

Shown in folder-0691. The grain size is 19.2–23.0 × 21.1–24.9 μm. (1978-X-27, Ohzu City)

(692) Fallopia sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Ronse Decr.

Shown in folder-0692. The grain size is 17.2–23.0 × 21.1–27.8 μm. (1977-IV-21, Tohoku University, Morita)

(693) Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decr. var. japonica

Shown in folder-0693. The grain size is 20.1–23.0 × 23.0–28.8 μm. (1977-VIII-31, Nagoya City Yagoto, Morita)

Persicaria

Pollen grains are spheroidal, and there are three types of germination openings: tricolpate (type I), pericolpate (type II), and periporate (type III). The exine is thick. The sculpture is reticulate with a size of 4.0–5.0 μm surrounded by the murus formed by connecting baculum. Gemmae or granules are scattered in the lumina unless there are pores.

(694) Persicaria filiformis (Thunb.) Nakai ex W.T.Lee

Shown in folder-0694. (Type II). The grain size is 33.6–42.2 μm. The exine is 3.0 μm thick. The size of the lumen is smaller than that of other genus Persicaria, and the density of the lumina is approximately 10/100 μm². (1977-IV-21, Aobayama, Sendai City, Morita)

(695) Persicaria odorata (Lour.) Soják subsp. conspicua (Nakai) Yonek.

Shown in folder-0695. (Type III). The grain size is 30.7–38.4 μm. (1977-IX-16, Kochi City)

(696) Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre

Shown in folder-0696. (Type III). The grain size is 30.7–38.4 μm. (1977-IX-16, Kochi City)

(697) Persicaria longiseta (Bruijn) Kitag.

Shown in folder-0697. (Type III). The grain size is 40.3–49.9 μm. (1977-IV-26, Kochi City)

(698) Persicaria amphibia (L.) Delarbre

Shown in folder-0698. (Type II). The grain size is 55.8–70.2 μm. The length of the furrows is 10.0–11.0 μm, and one furrow is evenly arranged on the entire surface so as to form one side of a pentagon. The density of the lumina is 3–5/100 μm². (1979-VIII, Goshogawara Kiyohisa-Tameike, Aomori Prefecture, Morita)

(699) Persicaria muricata (Meisn.) Nemoto

Shown in folder-0699. (Type III). The grain size is 44.1–53.7 μm. (1977-VI-2, Godaisan, Kochi City)

(700) Persicaria praetermissa (Hook.f.) H.Hara

Shown in folder-0700. (Type III). The grain size is 24.9–38.4 μm. (1977-IX-6, Chayamachi, Okayama Prefecture)

(701) Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H.Gross

Shown in folder-0701. (Type III). The grain size is 34.5–53.7 μm. (1977-VII-2, Kochi City)

(702) Persicaria senticosa (Meisn.) H.Gross

Shown in folder-0702. (Type III). The grain size is 36.4–49.9 μm. (1976-VI-13, Kochi City)

(703) Persicaria chinensis (L.) H.Gross

Shown in folder-0703. (Type I). The grain size is 32.6–44.1 μm. (1972-IV-3, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture)

(704) Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn.) H.Gross

Shown in folder-0704. (Type I). The grain size is 36.4–51.8 μm. (1978-X-14, Aobayama, Sendai City, Morita)

Fagopyrum

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is prolate. The pore is oval and slightly obscured. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 3.5–4.0 μm thick. The columellae develop and connect at the top to form the muri. The brochi are almost uniform over the entire surface, but disappear from view with a slight focal adjustment when viewed under a microscope.

(705) Fagopyrum esculentum Moench

Shown in folder-0705. The grain size is 21.1–46.0 × 46.0–66.6 μm. (1978-V-5, Ohzu City, cultivated)

(706) Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.

Shown in folder-0706. The grain size is 22.5–30.0 × 30.0–45.0 μm. (1980-IX-12, Ohzu City, cultivated)

(707) Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) H.Hara

Shown in folder-0707. The grain size is 28.8–36.0 × 37.8–50.4 μm. (1979-VIII-5, Ohzu City, cultivated)

Droseraceae

Drosera

Pollen grains are tetrads. Spinules of different lengths cover the surface of each pollen grain on the distal pole side at a density of 4–5/25 μm². The long spinules are 1.5–2.0 μm, and the short spinules, ≤ 1.0 μm in length. The thickness of the exine on the distal surface is 1.5 μm. The proximal surface is thin, with several folds that join at the center of the tetrads.

(708) Drosera spatulata Labill.

Shown in folder-0708. The grain size is 34.2–41.4 μm. (1977-VI-30, Yagotoyama, Nagoya City, Morita)

(709) Drosera rotundifolia L.

Shown in folder-0709. The grain size is 28.8–34.2 μm. (1977-VI-30, Yagotoyama, Nagoya City, Morita)

Caryophyllaceae

Sagina, Pseudostellaria, Cerastium, Stellaria, Dianthus, Lychnis, Silene, and Atocion

Pollen grains are periporate, and the shape is spheroidal. Many circular pores with annuli are evenly distributed on the pollen surface. Granules are scattered on the upper surface of the pores. The exine is formed by the development of columellae, it has ectexine > endexine, and is 2.5–3.0 μm thick. The sculpture is baculate.

(710) Sagina japonica (Sw.) Ohwi

Shown in folder-0710. The pores number 20 or more and have a diameter of 2.7 μm. The grain size is 28.3–35.8 μm. (1979-IX-5, Ozu City)

(711) Pseudostellaria heterantha (Maxim.) Pax

Shown in folder-0711. The pores number approximately 15, and have a diameter of 3.0 μm. The grain size is 26.0–33.8 μm. (1937-VI-2, Amariyama, Yamanashi Prefecture)

(712) Cerastium schizopetalum Maxim. var. schizopetalum

Shown in folder-0712. The pores number 14–15, and have a diameter of 7.0 μm. The grain size is 38.5–46.3 μm. (1935-VIII, Yatsugatake, Nagano Prefecture)

(713) Cerastium fontanum Baumg. subsp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter et Burdet var. angustifolium (Franch.) H.Hara

Shown in folder-0713. The pores number approximately 10, and have a diameter of 6.5 μm. The grain size is 29.0–37.1 μm. (1972-VI-15, Kochi City)

(714) Cerastium pauciflorum Steven ex Ser. var. amurense (Regel) M.Mizush.

Shown in folder-0714. The pores number approximately 12, and have a diameter of 5.5–7.0 μm. The grain size is 37.8–45.0 μm. (1979-VI-17, Kamikochi, Nagano Prefecture, Morita)

(715) Stellaria aquatica (L.) Scop.

Shown in folder-0715. The pores number approximately 10, are slightly angular and circular in shape, and have a diameter of 6.0 μm. The bacula are sparsely distributed at a density of 10/25 μm². The grain size is 30.6–36.0 μm. (1977-V-10, Kochi City)

(716) Stellaria monosperma Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don var. japonica Maxim.

Shown in folder-0716. The pores number approximately 12, and have a diameter of 3.5–4.0 μm. The grain size is 30.6–44.9 μm. (1952-VII, Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture)

(717) Dianthus superbus L. var. longicalycinus (Maxim.) F.N.Williams

Shown in folder-0717. The pores number approximately 12, and have a diameter of 7.0 μm. Part of the bacula may be connected at the top. The grain size is 39.6–43.2 μm. (1971-VII-18, Kochi Prefecture Tsuetate Pass)

(718) Lychnis miqueliana Rohrb.

Shown in folder-0718. The pores number approximately 20, and have a diameter of 6.0 μm. The grain size is 41.6–58.2 μm. (1957-VIII-23, Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture)

(719) Silene repens Patrin var. apoiensis H.Hara

Shown in folder-0719. The pores number approximately 25, and have a diameter of 2.7 μm. (1978-VI-25, Sendai City Wild Plants Garden, Sendai, Morita)

(720) Silene foliosa Maxim.

Shown in folder-0720. The pores number approximately 16, and have a diameter of 6.0 μm. The grain size is 39.0–51.4 μm. (1960-VIII, Mt. Furano, Hokkaido)

(721) Atocion armeria (L.) Raf.

Shown in folder-0721. The pores number approximately 20, and have a diameter of 3.5–4.0 μm. The grain size is 29.5–36.9 μm. (1977-VI-2, Kochi City)

Amaranthaceae

Atriplex, Chenopodium, Dysphania, Bassia, Spinacia, Suaeda, Achyranthes, Amaranthus, and Celosia

Pollen grains are periporate, and mostly spheroidal in shape. Many circular pores with annuli are evenly distributed, and granules are not scattered on the upper surface of the pores. The exine is 1.0–2.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(722) Atriplex subcordata Kitag.

Shown in folder-0722. The pores number approximately 30. The grain size is 13.8–23.2 μm. (1958-V-26, Tochi, Kochi Prefecture)

(723) Chenopodium album L. var. centrorubrum Makino

Shown in folder-0723. The pores number approximately 40. The grain size is 13.8–23.0 μm. (1953-X-6, Kochi City)

(724) Chenopodium ficifolium Sm.

Shown in folder-0724. The grain size is 17.2–24.9 μm. (1959-VIII-16, Tochi, Kochi Prefecture)

(725) Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin et Clemants

Shown in folder-0725. The grain size is 23.5–30.1 μm. (1977-Ⅺ-5, Nagai, Osaka City)

(726) Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J.Scott

Shown in folder-0726. The grain size is 21.8–26.8 μm. (1977-X-6, Iwami-cho, Nara Prefecture)

(727) Spinacia oleracea L.

Shown in folder-0727. The pores number approximately 50. The grain size is 23.7–35.6 μm. (1977-X-3, Kochi City)

(728) Suaeda japonica Makino

Shown in folder-0728. The grain size is 18.0–25.2 μm. (1968-VIII-18, Kanda Town, Fukuoka Prefecture, Hatanaka)

(729) Achyranthes bidentata Blume var. japonica Miq.

Shown in folder-0729. The pores number approximately 25, and have a diameter of 2.0 μm. The grain size is 16.1–18.8 μm. (1970-IX-8, Kochi City)

(730) Amaranthus spinosus L.

Shown in folder-0730. The pores number approximately 35. The grain size is 24.2–33.9 μm. (1973-IV-4, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture)

(731) Amaranthus blitum L.

Shown in folder-0731. The grain size is 21.6–28.7 μm. (1971-IV-23, Kochi City)

(732) Amaranthus viridis L.

Shown in folder-0732. The grain size is 23.4–28.0 μm. (1955-X-21, Kochi City)

(733) Amaranthus hybridus L.

Shown in folder-0733. The grain size is 19.8–27.0 μm. (1977-X-5, Iwami-cho, Nara Prefecture)

(734) Celosia argentea L.

Shown in folder-0734. The pore number is approximately 20. The exine is 2.5–3.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is baculate. The grain size is 26.5–35.8 μm. (1972-VIII-24, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture)

Alternanthera

Pollen grains are regular dodecahedrons, and the ridges are muri. Each murus consists of a row of bacula, and one side of the murus is 7.0–8.0 μm in length. The exine is tectate, and it is 1.8–2.0 μm thick.

(735) Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC.

Shown in folder-0735. The grain size is 12.5–23.9 μm. (1976-X, Kochi City)

Aizoaceae

Tetragonia

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape is subspheroidal. The exine is tectate, has ectexine ≤ endexine, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate.

(736) Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze

Shown in folder-0736. The grain size is 23.5–32.4 μm. (1978-Ⅺ-28, Oshika Peninsula, Miyagi Prefecture, Takayama)

Lampranthus

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape is subspheroidal. The exine is tectate, has ectexine ≤ endexine, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate, with scattered spinules.

(737) Lampranthus spectabilis (Haw.) N.E.Br.

Shown in folder-0737. The density of the spinules is 3–5/25 μm². The grain size is 23.4–30.6 μm. (1976-VI-14, Nagoya City Issha, Morita)

Trigastrotheca

Pollen grains are pericolpate, and the shape is subspheroidal. The furrows are 11.0 μm long and 3.5–4.0 μm wide. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate to scabrate.

(738) Trigastrotheca stricta (L.) Thulin

Shown in folder-0738. The grain size is 16.2–21.6 μm. (1978-VIII-28, Ohzu City)

Phytolaccaceae

Phytolacca

Pollen grains are tricolpate. The shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrows are long and have blunt tips. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate.

(739) Phytolacca americana L.

Shown in folder-0739. The grain size is 22.5–30.0 × 20.0–28.7 μm. (1977-VII-1, Yagoto, Nagoya City, Morita)

Nyctaginaceae

Mirabilis

Pollen grains are periporate, and the shape is spheroidal. The pores number 50 or more and have a diameter of 5.5 μm. The exine is formed by the development of columellae, and it is 10.0 μm thick. The sculpture is echinate, and the spinules are dense.

(740) Mirabilis jalapa L.

Shown in folder-0740. The grain size is 155.0–170.0 μm. (1977-VI-26, Kochi City)

Basellaceae

Basella

Pollen grains are pericolpate, and the shape is a rounded hexahedron. The furrows are 8.0 μm long and are arranged on each surface of the hexahedron. The sculpture is baculate, and in the intercolpi, the bacula with a height of 4.0 μm are densely arranged, but scabrae surround the furrows.

(741) Basella alba L.

Shown in folder-0741. The grain size is 34.0–42.4 μm. (1977-IX-3, Yaba-cho, Nagoya City, Morita)

Portulacaceae

Portulaca

Pollen grains are pericolpate, and the shape is spheroidal. The furrows are 21.0 μm long and are evenly arranged so as to cover the pollen surface. The exine is formed by the development of columellae, it has ectexine > endexine, and it is 3.5 μm thick. Spinules of 1.0 μm in length are scattered on the pollen surface at a density of 4–8/100 μm².

(742) Portulaca oleracea L.

Shown in folder-0742. The grain size is 54.0–63.0 μm. (1979-VIII-6, Ozu City)

(743) Portulaca grandiflora Hook.

Shown in folder-0743. The grain size is 77.4–97.2 μm. (1979-VIII-1, Ohzu City)

Cornaceae

Alangium

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The endoaperture has a diameter of 20.0 μm, and scabrae are distributed around it. The exine is 5.5 μm thick. The sculpture is rugulate, and the vallum is coarse.

(744) Alangium platanifolium (Siebold et Zucc.) Harms var. trilobatum (Miq.) Ohwi

Shown in folder-0744. The grain size is 80.0–110.0 μm. (1977-VIII-7, Kanbano-Taki, Okayama Prefecture)

Cornus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is subangular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrow is long with sharp ends, and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture has a diameter of 3.5 μm, and has a costa. The exine has ectexine < endexine, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is a verrucate.

(745) Cornus controversa Hemsl. ex Prain

Shown in folder-0745. The grain size is 27.0–30.6 × 36.0–45.0 μm. (1961-V-14, Inugatake, Oita Prefecture, Hatanaka)

(746) Cornus macrophylla Wall.

Shown in folder-0746. The grain size is 28.8–32.4 × 37.8–39.6 μm. (1961-V-4, Inugatake, Oita Prefecture, Hatanaka)

(747) Cornus kousa Buerger ex Hance subsp. kousa

Shown in folder-0747. The verrucae are indistinct. The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 25.2–28.8 μm. (1959-V-27, Shiozukamine, Ehime Prefecture)

(748) Cornus officinalis Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0748. The grain size is 9.8–21.6 × 21.6–23.4 μm. (1977-IV, Higashiyama Botanical Garden, Nagoya City, Morita)

(749) Cornus canadensis L.

Shown in folder-0749. The verrucae are densely distributed. The grain size is 19.8–23.4 × 21.6–25.2 μm. (1978-VII-9, Mt. Hakkoda, Morita)

Hydrangeaceae

Hydrangea, Philadelphus, and Deutzia

Pollen grains are mostly tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The margo is thickened. The endoaperture is distinct. The exine is tectate, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the brochi become finer from the intercolpium to the furrow.

(750) Philadelphus satsumi Siebold ex Lindl. et Paxton．

Shown in folder-0750. The grain size is 12.6–18.0 × 17.1–19.8 μm. (1935-V-16, Okutama, Tokyo)

(751) Philadelphus satsumi Siebold ex Lindl. et Paxton f. nikoensis Rehder) Ohwi ex Yonek.

Shown in folder-0751. The grain size is 12.6–16.2 μm. (1935-V-16, Okutama, Tokyo)

(752) Deutzia crenata Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0752. The grain size is 16.2–18.0 × 18.0–23.4 μm. (1978-V-10, Ohzu City)

(753) Deutzia gracilis Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0753. The grain size is 12.6–16.2 × 16.2–18.0 μm. (1978-IV-25, Ohzu City)

(754) Deutzia maximowicziana Makino

Shown in folder-0754. The grain size is 14.4–16.2 × 16.2–18.0 μm. (1959-V-31, Mt. Shiraga, Kochi Prefecture)

(755) Deutzia scabra Thunb. var. scabra

Shown in folder-0755. The brochi are fine and become psilate near the furrow. The grain size is 12.6–16.2 × 14.4–19.8 μm. (1957-V-18, Mt. Yokokura, Kochi Prefecture)

(756) Hydrangea petiolaris Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0756. The grain size is 10.8–14.4 × 14.4–16.2 μm. (1956-VII-9, Hokkaido Tenjin Pass)

(757) Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. f. normalis (E.H.Wilson) H.Hara

Shown in folder-0757. The grain size is 10.8–14.4 × 14.4–18.0 μm. (1977-VI-14, Kochi City)

(758) Hydrangea kawagoeana Koidz. var. grosseserrata (Engl.) Hatus.

Shown in folder-0758. The thickening of the margo is indistinct. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is sculpture. The grain size is 10.8–13.5 × 10.8–14.4 μm. (1955-V-20, Yakushima, Kagoshima Prefecture)

(759) Hydrangea paniculata Siebold

Shown in folder-0759. The grain size is 14.4–16.2 × 16.2–18.0 μm. (1977-VII-3, Asakawa Experimental Forest, Tokyo, Morita)

(760) Hydrangea luteovenosa Koidz.

Shown in folder-0760. The grain size is 10.8–13.5 × 14.4–18.0 μm. (1964-V-29, Shiroyama, Kochi City)

(761) Hydrangea scandens (L.f.) Ser.

Shown in folder-0761. The grain size is 10.8–13.5 × 12.6–15.3 μm. (1958-V-28, Doicho, Ehime Prefecture)

(762) Hydrangea bifida (Maxim.) Y.De Smet et Granados

Shown in folder-0762. Unlike other Hydrangea species, the pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape is spheroidal. The furrows are short and have a slit shape of 1.5 × 2.5 μm, and the margines are thickened. The exine is tectate, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the density of the lumina is 15–18/25 μm². The grain size is 27.0–32.4 μm. (1978-VIII, Mt. Horaiji, Aichi Prefecture, Morita)

Balsaminaceae

Impatiens

Pollen grains are stephanocolpate, and the shape of the polar view is a subrectangle with rounded ends and that of the equatorial view is peroblate and subrectangular. The 4 furrows are short, and in polar view, are positioned at the 4 corners. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is reticulate.

(763) Impatiens textorii Miq.

Shown in folder-0763. The size of the polar view is 30.6–32.4 × 14.4–18.0 μm, and the polar length is 10.8–12.6 μm. The density of the lumina is 13–15/ μm². (1978-VIII-15, Ohzu City)

(764) Impatiens noli-tangere L.

Shown in folder-0764. The size of the polar view is 31.4-41.4 × 25.2-27.0 μm, and the polar length is 12.6–14.4-14.4 μm. The density of the lumina is 8–12/ μm². (1977-VIII-20, Mt. Togakushi, Nagano Prefecture, Handa)

(765) Impatiens hypophylla Makino

Shown in folder-0765. The size of the polar view is 32.4-32.4 × 18.6-21.6 μm, and the polar length is 12.6–14.4-14.4 μm. The density of the lumina is 5–6/ μm². (1961-VIII, Miune, Tokushima Prefecture)

Polemoniaceae

Polemonium

Pollen grains are periporate, and the shape is spheroidal. There are approximately 60 pores that are scattered, and have a diameter of 2.0 μm. The exine is 3.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is rugulate.

(766) Polemonium caeruleum L. subsp. yezoense (Miyabe et Kudô) H.Hara var. nipponicum (Kitam.) Koji Ito

Shown in folder-0766. The grain size is 36.0–48.6 μm. (1976-VIII-18, Mt. Mukaijindake, Aomori Prefecture, M. Yamanaka)

Phlox

Pollen grains are periporate, and the shape is spheroidal. There are approximately 10 pores that are scattered, and have a diameter of 2.0 μm. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 3.5 μm. The sculpture is reticulate, and the muri consist of two types of bacula, large and small, that are round in cross section.

(767) Phlox subulata L.

Shown in folder-0767. The grain size is 28.8–36.0 μm. (1977-V-20, Kochi City)

Ternstroemiaceae

Eurya

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The margo is slightly thickened. The endoaperture is indistinct. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate.

(768) Eurya japonica Thunb. var. japonica

Shown in folder-0768. The grain size is 11.0–12.6 × 14.4–16.2 μm. (1979-Ⅲ-1, Ohzu City)

(769) Eurya emarginata (Thunb.) Makino

Shown in folder-0769. The grain size is 12.6–14.4 × 13.5–14.4 μm. (1955-Ⅺ-24, Muroto, Kochi Prefecture)

Ternstroemia and Cleyera

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The margo is slightly thickened. The endoaperture is distinct and slightly prominent. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate.

(770) Ternstroemia gymnanthera (Wight et Arn.) Bedd.

Shown in folder-0770. The grain size is 14.4–18.0 × 18.0–19.8 μm. (1978-VII-20, Ohzu City)

(771) Cleyera japonica Thunb.

Shown in folder-0771. The grain size is 12.6–14.4 × 16.2–18.0 μm. (1977-VI-14, Kochi City)

Ebenaceae

Diospyros

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrow is long, and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is long in the horizontal direction, sometimes showing an 8-character shape, and has a costa. The exine is 1.5–1.8 μm, and the sculpture is psilate.

(772) Diospyros kaki Thunb.

Shown in folder-0772. The grain size is 36.0–46.8 × 50.4–55.8 μm. (1977-V-10, Kochi City)

Primuraceae

Maesa and Ardisia

Pollen grains are tricorporate and syncolpate. The shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrows are long. The endoaperture is long in the horizontal direction. The exine is 1.2 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate or finely reticulate.

(773) Maesa japonica (Thunb.) Moritzi et Zoll.

Shown in folder-0773. The grain size is 12.6–16.2 × 16.2–18.9 μm. (1977-IV-10, Kochi City)

(774) Ardisia japonica (Thunb.) Blume

Shown in folder-0774. The grain size is 12.6–14.4 × 14.4–16.2 μm. (1977-VI-18, Kochi City)

(775) Ardisia pusilla A.DC.

Shown in folder-0775. The grain size is 9.0–10.8 × 12.6–13.5 μm. (1978-VI-20, Ohzu City)

(776) Ardisia crenata Sims

Shown in folder-0776. The furrow is long and reaches the pole. The endoaperture protrudes slightly. The exine is 1.8 μm thick, which is relatively thick compared to the grain size. The sculpture is finely reticulate. The brochi disappear from view with a slight focus adjustment when viewed under a microscope. The grain size is 12.6 × 14.4 μm. (1978-VII-5, Ohzu City)

(777) Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A.DC.

Shown in folder-0777. The grains are syncolpate, and the margines are slightly thickened. The grain size is 12.6 × 13.0 μm. (1970-VI-11, Inabu, Kochi Prefecture)

Myrsine

Pollen grains are stephanocolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. There are 4 furrows, 12.6 μm in length. The exine is 1.2 μm thick, and the sculpture is a scabrate.

(778) Myrsine seguinii H.Lév.

Shown in folder-0778. The grain size is 21.6–25.2 × 23.4–25.2 μm. (1970-IV-5, Godaisan, Kochi City)

Primula

Pollen grains are syncolpate except for Primula japonica A. Gray. The shape of the polar view is semi-angular to subangular and that of the equatorial view is suboblate. There are 3 furrows, which may merge at both poles to form an independent region surrounded by furrows near the poles. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate or finely reticulate.

(779) Primula nipponica Yatabe

Shown in folder-0779. There is an independent region near the pole. The grain size is 18.0–21.6 μm. (1972-VI-27, Mt. Hakkoda, Hibino)

(780) Primula cuneifolia Ledeb. var. cuneifolia

Shown in folder-0780. There is an independent region near the pole. The grain size is 18.0–21.6 μm. (1960-VIII, Mt. Rausu, Hokkaido)

(781) Primula farinosa L. subsp. modesta (Bisset et S.Moore) Pax var. modesta (Bisset et S.Moore) Makino ex T.Yamaz.

Shown in folder-0781. There is an independent region near the pole. The grain size is 9.0–14.4 μm. (1957-V, Mt. Kanfu, Ehime Prefecture, M. Yamanaka)

(782) Primula farinosa L. subsp. modesta (Bisset et S.Moore) Pax var. fauriei (Franch.) Miyabe

Shown in folder-0782. The grain size is 9.0–10.8 μm. (1956-VII, Daisetsuzan, Hokkaido)

(783) Primula kisoana Miq. var. shikokiana Makino

Shown in folder-0783. The pollen grains are sometimes dicolpate. The grain size is 14.4–18.0 μm. (1933-IV, Oda Miyama, Ehime Prefecture, Yamashita)

(784) Primula japonica A. Gray

Shown in folder-0784. The pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrow is long, and the margo is slightly thickened. The endoaperture is long in the horizontal direction, the area around the germination opening protrudes, and the costa is slight. The sculpture is finely reticulate. The grain size is 18.0–21.6 × 19.8–21.6 μm. (1937-VI-2, Mt. Amariyama, Yamanashi Prefecture)

Lysimachia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrow is long and the margo is slightly thickened. The endoaperture is long in the horizontal direction, the area around the germination opening protrudes, and the costa is slight. The sculpture is psilate or reticulate, and the brochi disappear from view with a slight focal adjustment when viewed under a microscope.

(785) Lysimachia mauritiana Lam.

Shown in folder-0785. The sculpture is finely reticulate. The grain size is 21.6–25.2 × 28.8–30.6 μm. (1972-VIII-23, Miyakojima, Okinawa Prefecture)

(786) Lysimachia vulgaris L. subsp. davurica (Ledeb.) Tatew.

Shown in folder-0786. The sculpture is finely reticulate. The grain size is 16.2–18.0 × 19.8–21.6 μm. (1978-VII-20, Ohzu City)

(787) Lysimachia thyrsiflora L.

Shown in folder-0787. The sculpture is finely reticulate. The grain size is 19.8–21.6 × 19.8–25.2 μm. (1956-VII, Numanohata, Hokkaido)

(788) Lysimachia fortunei Maxim.

Shown in folder-0788. Sometimes there are 4 furrows, and the sculpture is psilate. The grain size is 19.8–23.4 × 25.2–27.0 μm. (1977-VIII-17, Kochi City)

(789) Lysimachia clethroides Duby

Shown in folder-0789. The sculpture is psilate. The grain size is 19.8–27.0 × 27.0–34.2 μm. (1977-VIII-17, Kochi City)

(790) Lysimachia arvensis (L.) U.Manns et Anderb. var. caerulea (L.) Ryrland et Bergmeier

Shown in folder-0790. The sculpture is finely reticulate, and the margo is psilate. The grain size is 19.8–23.4 × 23.4–27.0 μm. (1972-IV-4, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture)

(791) Lysimachia europaea (L.) U.Manns et Anderb.

Shown in folder-0791. The sculpture is finely reticulate. The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 23.4–30.6 μm. (1978-VI-29, Mt. Zao, Yamagata Prefecture, Hibino)

Theaceae

Camellia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular, and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long and the margo is sometimes thickened. The endoaperture is 10.0 μm in diameter, and the periphery of the pore protrudes, often forming an equatorial bridge. The exine is tectate, has ectexine > endexine, and it is 3.0 μm thick. The sculpture is a verrucate to reticulate complex, and the gaps between the verrucae in the mesh are observed by adjusting the focal point when viewed under a microscope. The brochi become finer near the furrow and are sometimes observed as rugulate with wide valla.

(792) Camellia japonica L.

Shown in folder-0792. The grain size is 30.6–37.8 × 36.0–39.6 μm. (1978-IV-1, Ohzu City)

(793) Camellia sasanqua Thunb.

Shown in folder-0793. The grain size is 36.0–39.6 × 36.0–43.2 μm. (1977-VII-6, Kochi City)

(794) Camellia rusticana Honda

Shown in folder-0794. The brochi in the sculpture are fine. The grain size is 27.0–36.0 × 30.6–32.4 μm. (1976-IV-20, Tohoku University Botanical Garden, cultivated, M. Yamanaka)

(795) Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze

Shown in folder-0795. The exine is 2.0 μm thick. The grain size is 34.2–39.6 × 36.0–43.2 μm. (1978-IX-12, Ohzu City)

Stewartia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long, and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is indistinct, and the periphery of the pore does not protrude. The exine is 3.0 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the brochi are fine.

(796) Stewartia pseudocamellia Maxim.

Shown in folder-0796. The grain size is 34.2–41.4 × 41.0–45.0 μm. (1978-VIII, Horaiji Temple, Aichi Prefecture, Morita)

Schima

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long, and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is indistinct, and the periphery of the germination mouth protrudes, often forming an equatorial bridge. The exine is 3.0 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the brochi becomes finer near the furrow.

(797)Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth. subsp. noronhae (Reinw. ex Blume) Bloemb.

Shown in folder-0797. The grain size is 34.2–37.8 × 34.2–43.2 μm. (1973-V-15, Godaisan, Kochi City, cultivated)

Symplocaceae

Symplocos

Pollen grains are tricorporate or triporate. The shape of the polar view is semi-angular to semi-lobate and that of the equatorial view is suboblate. The furrow is short, 7.0–8.0 μm in length, and narrow in width. The endoaperture is horizontally long, 7.0–8.0 μm in length, and has a costa. The exine has ectexine = endexine, and it is 2.0 μm thick. There are three types of sculpture: reticulate, verrucate, and rugulate.

(798) Symplocos coreana (H.Lév.) Ohwi

Shown in folder-0798. The pollen grains are tricorporate, and the sculpture is reticulate. The grain size is 27.0–32.4 × 17.1–21.6 μm. (1957-VII-6, Mt. Tsurugi, Tokushima Prefecture, Morino)

(799) Symplocos sawafutagi Nagam.

Shown in folder-0799. The pollen grains are tricorporate, and the sculpture is reticulate. The grain size is 23.4–34.2 × 18.0–19.8 μm. (1957-VI-31, Mt. Shiraga, Kochi Prefecture)

(800) Symplocos myrtacea Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0800. The pollen grains are tricorporate, and the sculpture is verrucate. The grain size is 28.8–34.2 × 16.2–21.6 μm. (1957-V-18, Omogo River, Ehime Prefecture)

(801) Symplocos kuroki Nagam.

Shown in folder-0801. The grain size is 27.0–30.6 × 19.8–23.4 μm. The pollen grains are tricorporate, and the sculpture is verrucate. (1963-Ⅲ-30, Kitakyushu City, Hatanaka)

(802) Symplocos tanakae Matsum.

Shown in folder-0802. The pollen grains are tricorporate, and the sculpture is verrucate. The grain size is 32.4–34.2 × 23.4–28.8 μm. (1963-VII-2, Muroto City, Kochi Prefecture)

(803) Symplocos prunifolia Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0803. The pollen grains are tricorporate, and the sculpture is rugulate. The grain size is 27.0–36.0 × 19.8–21.6 μm. (1956-Ⅲ-22, Amami Oshima)

(804) Symplocos glauca (Thunb.) Koidz.

Shown in folder-0804. The pollen grains are triporate with small costae. The sculpture is a rugulate and verrucate composite. The grain size is 23.4–28.8 × 18.0–21.6 μm. (1958-Ⅶ-15, Kochi City)

(805) Symplocos lancifolia Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0805. The pollen grains are triporate, and the sculpture is verrucate. The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 19.8–23.4 μm. (1978-VIII-27, Ohzu City)

Diapensiaceae

Diapensia and Schizocodon

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrow is long and the margo is barely or slightly thickened. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate.

(806) Diapensia lapponica L. subsp. obovata (F.Schmidt) Hultén

Shown in folder-0806. The density of the lumina is 15–17/ μm². The grain size is 21.6–23.4 × 25.2–28.8 μm. (1960-VIII, Mt. Rausu, Hokkaido)

(807) Schizocodon soldanelloides Siebold et Zucc. var. soldanelloides

Shown in folder-0807. The grain size is 19.8–23.4 × 23.4–27.0 μm. (1940-VI-22, Mt. Hakkodasan, Aomori Prefecture)

(808) Schizocodon soldanelloides Siebold et Zucc. var. soldanelloides form. alpinus Maxim.

Shown in folder-0808. Similar to Schizocodon soldanelloides Siebold et Zucc. var. soldanelloides, but the height of the muri is low, and the brochi are slightly obscure. The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 21.6–27.0 μm. (1937-VII, Mt. Asamayama, Nagano Prefecture)

Styracaceae

Styrax and Pterostyrax

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular to subangular and that of the equatorial view is oblate spheroidal. The furrow is long and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is a horizontal ellipse with a costa, and the periphery of the pore protrudes and forms an equatorial bridge. The exine is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is a verrucate to reticulate complex. The gaps between the verrucae in the mesh are observed adjusting the focal point when viewed under a microscope. The brochi are almost uniform over the entire surface.

(809) Styrax japonicus Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0809. The grain size is 28.8–39.6 × 32.4–37.8 μm. (1977-V-11, Kochi City)

(810) Styrax obassia Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0810. The grain size is 30.6–36.0 × 27.0–34.2 μm. (1978-VI-20, Aza Tarube, Towada Village, Aomori Prefecture, M. Yamanaka)

(811) Pterostyrax corymbosus Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0811. The grain size is 27.0–30.6 × 23.4–29.7 μm. (1950-V-14, Tomisato, Ehime Prefecture, T. Yamanaka)

Actinidiaceae

Actinidia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The margo is slightly thickened. The endoaperture is circular, sometimes horizontally elliptical. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(812) Actinidia polygama (Siebold et Zucc.) Planch. ex Maxim.

Shown in folder-0812. The grain size is 16.2–19.8 × 19.8–23.4 μm. (1961-VI-25, Mt. Yokogura, Kochi Prefecture)

(813) Actinidia kolomikta (Maxim. et Rupr.) Maxim.

Shown in folder-0813. The grain size is 14.4–18.0 × 18.0–21.6 μm. (1953-VI, Mt. Ishizuchi-san, Ehime Prefecture)

(814) Actinidia arguta (Siebold et Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. var. arguta

Shown in folder-0814. The grain size is 14.4–18.0 × 18.0–21.6 μm. (1959-V-31, Mt. Shiraga, Kochi Prefecture)

Clethraceae

Clethra

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The endoaperture is a horizontal ellipse that forms a fastigium and protrudes. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate.

(815) Clethra barbinervis Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0815. The grain size is 21.6–25.2 × 19.8–25.2 μm. (1956-VII-31, Samukawa Pass, Ehime Prefecture)

Rafflesiaceae

Mitrastemon

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is oblate spheroidal. The pore diameter is 4.5 μm, and the exine around each pore is thin (1.0 μm). The sculpture is psilate.

(816) Mitrastemon yamamotoi Makino

Shown in folder-0816. The grain size is 18.2–23.0 × 16.3–24.0 μm. (1977-Ⅺ-25, Muroto Town, Kochi Prefecture)

Ericaceae

Pyrola

Pollen grains are tetrads combined into a tetrahedron. Each pollen is tricorporate. The furrow is narrow and 19.0 μm in length. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is verrucate.

(817) Pyrola renifolia Maxim.

Shown in folder-0817. The grain size is 30.6–37.8 μm. (1960-VIII, Aza Toro, Hokkaido)

(818) Pyrola incarnata (DC.) Fisch. ex Freyn

Shown in folder-0818. The grain size is 34.2–41.4 μm. (1960-VIII, Aza Toro, Hokkaido)

(819) Pyrola japonica Klenze ex Alef.

Shown in folder-0819. The grain size is 30.6–39.6 μm. (1968-VI-22, Aomori City, Hibino)

Monotropastrum

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to suboblate. The pores are circular, have a diameter of 5.4 μm, and are slightly protruding. The exine is 1.8 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate.

(820) Monotropastrum humile (D.Don) H.Hara

Shown in folder-0820. The grain size is 27.0–30.6 μm. (1978-V-9, Ohzu City)

Empetrum

Pollen grains are tetrads combined into a tetrahedron. Each pollen is tricorporate. The endoaperture is indistinct, but there is a costa. The exine is 1.8 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(821) Empetrum nigrum L. var. japonicum K.Koch

Shown in folder-0821. The size of the tetrads is 36.0 μm, and the size of each pollen grain is 28.8 μm. (1968-VI-28, Mt. Zao, Yamagata Prefecture, Hibino)

Enkianthus

(822) Enkianthus sikokianus (Palib.) Ohwi

Shown in folder-0822. The endoaperture is indistinct. The grain size is 21.6–23.4 μm. (1956-V-25, Mt. Yokogurayama, Kochi Prefecture, T. Yamanaka)

(823) Enkianthus cernuus (Siebold et Zucc.) Makino f. cernuus

Shown in folder-0823. The grain size is 16.2–21.6 × 19.8–21.6 μm. (1956-V-30, Mt. Higashi-Akaishi, Ehime Prefecture)

(824) Enkianthus cernuus (Siebold et Zucc.) Makino f. rubens (Maxim.) Ohwi

Shown in folder-0824. The grain size is 16.2–19.8 × 19.8–21.6 μm. (1956-IV-29, Okawa Village, Kochi Prefecture)

Ledum, Loiseleuria, Bryanthus, Cassiope, Andromeda, Harrimanella, Pieris, Lyonia, Gaultheria, and Vaccinium

Pollen grains are tetrads bound in a tetrahedral shape, and each grain is tricorporate. The endoaperture is horizontally long and has a costa. In many cases, the margo is thickened. The exine is 1.5–2.4 μm, and the sculpture is rugulate to verrucate.

(825) Ledum palustre L. subsp. palustre var. decumbens Aiton

Shown in folder-0825. The verrucae on the pollen surface are indistinct. The size of the tetrads is 28.8–34.2 μm. (1956-VII-8, Tenninkyo, Hokkaido)

(826) Loiseleuria procumbens (L.) Desv.

Shown in folder-0826. The size of the tetrads is 27.0–32.4 μm. (1978-V-28, Mt. Zao, Yamagata Prefecture, Morita)

(827) Bryanthus gmelinii D.Don

Shown in folder-0827. The surface of the margo is psilate. The size of the tetrads is 27.0–36.0 μm. (1960-VIII, Mt. Rausudake, Hokkaido)

(828) Cassiope lycopodioides (Pall.) D.Don

Shown in folder-0828. The size of the tetrads is 21.6–25.2 μm. (1960-VIII, Mt. Rausudake, Hokkaido)

(829) Andromeda polifolia L.

Shown in folder-0829. The size of the tetrads is 36.0–45.0 μm. (1978-VI-25, Mt. Hakkodasan, Aomori Prefecture, M. Yamanaka)

(830) Harrimanella stelleriana (Pall.) Coville

Shown in folder-0830. The size of the tetrads is 30.6–36.0 μm. (1960-VIII, Mt. Rausudake, Hokkaido)

(831) Pieris japonica (Thunb.) D.Don ex G.Don subsp. japonica

Shown in folder-0831. The size of the tetrads is 36.0–39.6 μm. (1956-IV-28, Kochi City)

(832) Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude var. elliptica (Siebold et Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz.

Shown in folder-0832. The size of the tetrads is 28.8–32.4 μm. (1957-IV-5, Tomisato, Ehime Prefecture)

(833) Gaultheria adenothrix (Miq.) Maxim.

Shown in folder-0833.The sculpture is verrucate. The size of the tetrads is 27.0–32.4 μm. (1962-VIII, Mt. Dhozanmine, Ehime Prefecture)

(834) Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.

Shown in folder-0834. The size of the tetrads is 39.6–45.0 μm. (1940-VII, Mt. Hakkoda, Aomori Prefecture)

(835) Vaccinium uliginosum L. var. japonicum T.Yamaz.

Shown in folder-0835. The size of the tetrads is 41.4–46.8 μm. (1940-VII, Mt. Hakkoda, Aomori Prefecture)

(836) Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.

Shown in folder-0836. The size of the tetrads is 30.6–37.8 μm. (1940-VII, Mt. Hakkoda, Aomori Prefecture)

Elliottia, Rhododendron, Therorhodion, and Epigaea

Pollen grains are tetrads combined into a tetrahedron. Each grain is tricorporate, and the endoaperture is horizontally long and has a costa. In many cases, the margo is thickened. The exine is 1.8–3.0 μm. The sculpture is rugulate to verrucate, and has a viscin thread.

(837) Elliottia paniculata (Siebold et Zucc.) Hook.f.

Shown in folder-0837. The size of the tetrads is 41.4–57.6 μm. (1957-VIII-24, Mt. Ishidateyama, Kochi Prefecture)

(838) Rhododendron quinquefolium Bisset et S.Moore

Shown in folder-0838. The size of the tetrads is 54.0–63.0 μm. (1956-V-26, Ikegawa Town, Kochi Prefecture)

(839) Rhododendron pentaphyllum Maxim. var. shikokianum T.Yamaz.

Shown in folder-0839. There is a crack-like part lacking sculpture on the pollen surface. The size of the tetrads is 63.0–73.8 μm. (1957-IV-29, Mt. Nojimine, Ehime Prefecture, T. Yamanaka)

(840) Rhododendron lagopus Nakai var. lagopus

Shown in folder-0840. The size of the tetrads is 45.0–57.6 μm. (1958-V-17, Tenguzuka, Tokushima Prefecture)

(841) Rhododendron keiskei Miq.

Shown in folder-0841. The size of the tetrads is 45.0–50.0 μm. (1950-IV-17, Toyoukeyama, Ehime Prefecture)

(842) Rhododendron japonoheptamerum Kitam. var. hondoense (Nakai) Kitam.

Shown in folder-0842. The size of the tetrads is 48.6–61.2 μm. (1959-V-3, Mt. Shiraga, Kochi Prefecture)

(843) Rhododendron aureum Georgi

Shown in folder-0843. The size of the tetrads is 43.2–57.6 μm. (1960-VIII, Mt. Daisetsuzan, Hokkaido)

(844) Rhododendron tosaense Makino

Shown in folder-0844. The size of the tetrads is 39.6–46.8 μm. (1976-V-16, Kochi City)

(845) Rhododendron kaempferi Planch. var. kaempferi

Shown in folder-0845. The size of the tetrads is 37.8–45.0 μm. (1978-IV-25, Ohzu City)

(846) Rhododendron macrosepalum Maxim.

Shown in folder-0846. The margo is not thickened. The size of the tetrads is 39.6–45.0 μm. (1978-IV-20, Ohzu City)

(847) Rhododendron dilatatum Miq. var. decandrum Makino

Shown in folder-0847. The size of the tetrads is 45.0–52.2 μm. (1959-IV-6, Tosayama Village, Kochi Prefecture)

(848) Rhododendron ripense Makino

Shown in folder-0848. The size of the tetrads is 45.0–54.0 μm. (1975-V-5, Kagami Village, Kochi Prefecture)

(849) Rhododendron nudipes Nakai

Shown in folder-0849. The size of the tetrads is 41.4–48.6 μm. (1978-IV-l, Ohzu City)

(850) Rhododendron weyrichii Maxim.

Shown in folder-0850. The size of the tetrads is 41.4–50.4 μm. (1978-IV-20, Ohzu City)

(851) Rhododendron pentandrum (Maxim.) Craven

Shown in folder-0851. The size of the tetrads is 28.8–32.4 μm. (1956-V-26, Mt. Tsutsujo, Ehime Prefecture)

(852) Rhododendron benhallii Craven

Shown in folder-0852. The size of the tetrads is 32.4–39.6 μm. (1958-V-16, Yamada Town, Kochi Prefecture)

(853) Therorhodion camtschaticum (Pall.) Small

Shown in folder-0853. The size of the tetrads is 45.0–52.2 μm. (1960-VIII, Mt. Rausudake, Hokkaido)

(854) Epigaea asiatica Maxim.

Shown in folder-0854. The size of the tetrads is 34.2–43.2 μm. (1978-VI-25, Minami Hakkodasan, Aomori Prefecture, M. Yamanaka)

Phyllodoce

Pollen grains are tetrads combined into a tetrahedron. Each grain is tricorporate. The endoaperture is long in the horizontal direction and has a costa. The margo is barely thickened. The exine is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is rugulate to verrucate, and has a viscin thread.

(855) Phyllodoce nipponica Makino

Shown in folder-0855. The size of the tetrads is 32.4–34.2 μm. (1957-V-31, Mt. Dhozanmine, Ehime Prefecture)

(856) Phyllodoce aleutica (Spreng.) A.Heller

Shown in folder-0856. The margo is not thickened. The size of the tetrads is 30.5–35.2 μm. (1941-VII, Mt. Hakkoda, Aomori Prefecture)

(857) Phyllodoce caerulea (L.) Bab.

Shown in folder-0857. The margo is slightly thickened. The size of the tetrads is 27.0–34.2 μm. (1960-VIII, Daisetsuzan, Hokkaido)

Aucubaceae

Aucuba

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The margo is slightly thickened. The endoaperture is indistinct. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 2.5 μm thick. The sculpture is baculate.

(858) Aucuba japonica Thunb. var. japonica

Shown in folder-0858. The density of the bacula is 8–10/25 μm² . The grain size is 32.4–37.8 × 37.8–43.2 μm. (1976-Ⅲ-15, Soanji, Kochi City)

Rubiaceae

Theligonum

Pollen grains are stephanoporate, and the shape is spheroidal. There are 3–5 pores, which are circular and 1.8 μm in diameter. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 2.5 μm thick. The sculpture is baculate, and the height of the bacula decreases around the pores.

(859) Theligonum japonicum Okubo et Makino

Shown in folder-0859. The grain size is 25.2–28.8 μm. (1956-V-3, Yusuhara Village, Kochi Prefecture)

Rubia and Galium

Pollen grains are stephanocolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is oblate spheroidal to subprolate. There are 6 furrows, which are long and narrow. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate.

(860) Rubia argyi (H.Lév. et Vaniot) H.Hara ex Lauener et D.K.Ferguson

Shown in folder-0860. The grain size is 18.0–23.4 × 23.4–25.2 μm. (1970-X-23, Kochi City)

(861) Galium kinuta Nakai et H.Hara

Shown in folder-0861. The grain size is 16.2–19.8 μm. (1957-VIII-23, Befu Valley, Kochi Prefecture)

(862) Galium pogonanthum Franch. et Sav.

Shown in folder-0862. The grain size is 14.4–21.6 × 18.0–21.6 μm. (1978-V-11, Ohzu City)

(863) Galium verum L. subsp. asiaticum (Nakai) T.Yamaz. var. asiaticum Nakai f. lacteum (Maxim.) Nakai

Shown in folder-0863. The grain size is 14.4–19.8 × 18.0–19.8 μm. (1977-VIII-11, Sanyo Town, Okayama Prefecture)

Paederia

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is prolate spheroidal. The furrows are long and narrow. The exine is tectate, it has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The columellae are densely and evenly distributed. The sculpture is baculate.

(864) Paederia foetida L.

Shown in folder-0864. The grain size is 30.6–34.2 × 32.4–37.8 μm. (1977-VII-29, Kochi City)

Damnacanthus

Pollen grains are pericolporate, and the shape is spheroidal. There are 3–6 furrows arranged in a slightly irregular manner, and they may merge in the middle. The margines are thickened. The endoaperture is horizontally long with respect to the furrow and has a costa. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 3.5 μm thick. The columellae are densely distributed and sculpture is a reticulate.

(865) Damnacanthus indicus C.F.Gaertn. var. indicus

Shown in folder-0865. The grain size is 32.4–37.8 μm. (1978-V-15, Ohzu City)

Gardenia

Pollen grains are tetrads in which 4 grains are bonded in a tetrahedral shape. Each grain is triporate, and its shape is spheroidal. The pores are circular and 4.5 μm in diameter, and each has a thickened annulus. The exine is 1.2 μm thick, and the sculpture is verrucate.

(866) Gardenia jasminoides Ellis

Shown in folder-0866. The grain size is 41.4–57.6 μm. (1977-VI-14, Kochi City)

Serissa

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrows are long and wide, and verrucae are distributed on the upper surface of the furrows. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 3.0 μm thick. The sculpture is baculate, and the bacula are densely distributed.

(867) Serissa japonica (Thunb.) Thunb.

Shown in folder-0867. The grain size is 32.4–46.8 × 43.2–50.4 μm. (1978-V-29, Ohzu City)

Ophiorrhiza

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is subangular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is wide and long, with scabrae distributed on the upper surface of the furrow. The endoaperture is an elliptical shape that is long in the polar direction, and its periphery is slightly thickened. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate.

(868) Ophiorrhiza japonica Blume

Shown in folder-0868. The grain size is 37.8–52.2 × 39.6–59.4 μm. (1955-IV, Kagoshima City)

Leptodermis

Pollen grains are stephanocolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate to prolate. There are approximately 15 furrows. The exine is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is gemmate, and the gemmae with a diameter of 1.0–3.5 μm are located in the intercolpi and are arranged in the polar direction.

(869) Leptodermis pulchella Yatabe

Shown in folder-0869. The grain size is 27.0–30.6 × 32.4–41.4 μm. (1978-VI-25, Ohzu City)

Oldenlandia

Pollen grains are stephanocolporate, and the shape is spheroidal. The 3–6 furrows are short, being half or less of the polar length, and the polar region is wide. The endoaperture is oblong but indistinct. The exine is ectexine > endexine, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is a reticulate, and the density of the lumina is 4–7/25 μm².

(870) Oldenlandia brachypoda DC.

Shown in folder-0870. The grain size is 25.2–30.6 μm. (1977-IX-23, Kochi City)

Aidia

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is suboblate to oblate. The pores are sometimes 4 in number, circular in shape, and 2.5–3.5 μm in diameter. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 2.5 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate.

(871) Aidia henryi (E.Pritz.) T.Yamaz.

Shown in folder-0871. The grain size is 16.2–18.0 × 10.8–13.5 μm. (1977-VII, Ise City, Morita)

Gentianaceae

Halenia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is subangular to angular and that of the equatorial view is oblate. The furrow is wide and short. The endoaperture is slightly longer in the horizontal direction, and there is a costa, which protrudes slightly. The exine is 2.5 μm thick in the mesocolpium and 1.0 μm thick near the germination opening. The sculpture is verrucate and scabrate near the furrow.

(872) Halenia corniculata (L.) Cornaz

Shown in folder-0872. The grain size is 28.8–36.0 × 21.6–23.4 μm. (1961-VIII, Tenguzuka, Tokushima Prefecture)

Swertia, Tripterospermum, and Gentiana

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long. The endoaperture is circular or horizontally oval, and has a costa. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and most of them are 3.0 μm thick. The sculpture is a striate and reticulate composite, and the mesh appears to flow with adjustment of the focal point when viewed under a microscope.

(873) Swertia japonica (Schult.) Makino

Shown in folder-0873. The grain size is 25.2–30.6 × 27.0–34.2 μm. (1977-X-15, Kochi City)

(874) Swertia bimaculata (Siebold et Zucc.) Hook.f. et Thomson ex C.B.Clarke

Shown in folder-0874. The grain size is 25.2–30.6 × 27.0–32.4 μm. (1957-X-13, Ochi Town, Kochi Prefecture)

(875) Tripterospermum japonicum (Siebold et Zucc.) Maxim.

Shown in folder-0875. The grain size is 28.8–34.2 × 36.0–39.6 μm. (1970-IX-15, Kagami Village, Kochi Prefecture)

(876) Gentiana zollingeri Fawc.

Shown in folder-0876. The grain size is 21.6–25.2 × 23.4–28.8 μm. The exine is 1.8 μm thick. (1978-IV-14, Ohzu City)

(877) Gentiana sikokiana Maxim.

Shown in folder-0877. The grain size is 19.8–28.8 × 18.0–32.4 μm. Sometimes the number of furrows is 4. (1959-IX-19, Mt. Kuishi, Kochi Prefecture)

(878) Gentiana scabra Bunge var. buergeri (Miq.) Maxim. ex Franch. et Sav.

Shown in folder-0878. The grain size is 23.4–30.6 × 25.2–36.0 μm. (1977-VII-28, Kochi City)

(879) Gentiana triflora Pall. var. japonica (Kusn.) H.Hara

Shown in folder-0879. The grain size is 25.2–30.6 × 0.6–36.0 μm. (1978-X-4, Mt. Moriyoshi, Akita Prefecture, Morita)

(880) Gentiana makinoi Kusn.

Shown in folder-0880. The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 27.0–34.2 μm. (1977-IX-19, Wild Grass Garden, Sendai City, Morita)

(881) Gentiana thunbergii (G.Don) Griseb. var. minor Maxim.

Shown in folder-0881. The grain size is 28.8–34.2 × 36.0–45.0 μm. (1950-VII, Ozegahara, Gunma Prefecture)

Loganiaceae

Mitrasacme

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is oblate spheroidal. The endoaperture is circular or slightly horizontally oval and has a costa. The exine is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is finely reticulate, and the brochi disappear from view with a slight focal adjustment when viewed under a microscope.

(882) Mitrasacme pygmaea R.Br.

Shown in folder-0882. The sculpture is finely reticulate. The grain size is 18.0–27.0 × 23.4–28.8 μm. (1977-X-4, Kochi City)

Apocynaceae

Trachelospermum

Pollen grains are periporate, and the shape is spheroidal. The 10–20 pores have annuli, a diameter of 3.5–5.5 μm, and are irregularly arranged. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(883) Trachelospermum asiaticum (Siebold et Zucc.) Nakai

Shown in folder-0883. The grain size is 37.8–45.0 μm. (1977-VI-5, Kochi City)

Anodendron

Pollen grains are diporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is oblate and oval, but the outline tends to be irregular. The pores are 3.5–5.0 μm in diameter and show substantial annulus development. The exine is 1.2 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate.

(884) Anodendron affine (Hook. et Arn.) Druce

Shown in folder-0884. The grain size is 16.2–27.0 × 16.2–18.0 μm. (1978-VII, Chiba City, Tahara)

Boraginaceae

Ehretia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrow is long. The endoaperture is horizontally oval and has a slight costa. The exine is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is a verrucate to reticulate complex, and the gaps between the verrucae in the mesh are observed by adjusting the focus when viewed under a microscope. The brochi become finer from the intercolpium toward the furrow, and the sculpture becomes scabrate near the furrow.

(885) Ehretia acuminata R.Br. var. obovata (Lindl.) I.M.Johnst.

Shown in folder-0885. The grain size is 16.2–21.6 × 19.8–25.2 μm. (1976-VI-9, Kochi City)

Messerschmidia

Pollen grains are heterocolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. There are 6 furrows. The 3 endoapertures are circular, and have a diameter of 4.0–5.0 μm. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate.

(886) Heliotropium arboreum (Blanco) Mabb.

Shown in folder-0886. The grain size is 18.0–21.6 × 23.4–28.8 μm. (1972-VIII-4, Miyakojima Island, Okinawa Prefecture)

Lithospermum

Pollen grains are stephanocolporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is prolate and prismatic. There are 4–5 furrows. The endoaperture is circular, and it has a diameter of 1.5 μm. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate.

(887) Lithospermum zollingeri A.DC.

Shown in folder-0887. The grain size is 9.0–10.6 × 15.3–16.2 μm. (1960-IV-10, Mt. Sanpozan, Kochi Prefecture)

Trigonotis and Mertensia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is prolate and peanut-shaped. The furrows and pores are indistinct. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate.

(888) Trigonotis peduncularis (Trevir.) F.B.Forbes et Hemsl.

Shown in folder-0888. The grain size is 5.4–7.2 × 9.9–10.8 μm. (1978-lV-20, Ohzu City)

(889) Mertensia pterocarpa (Turcz.) Tatew. et Ohwi var. yezoensis Tatew. et Ohwi

Shown in folder-0889. The grain size is 7.2–8.1 × 10.8–11.7 μm. (1960-VII, Furano, Hokkaido)

Convolvulaceae

Dichondra

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrows are 9.0 μm long, and the outlines are indistinct. The exine is 2.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is baculate.

(890) Dichondra micrantha Urb.

Shown in folder-0890. The grain size is 23.4–28.8 μm. (1978-IV-16, Ohzu City)

Cuscuta

Pollen grains are tricolpate or stephanocolpate. The shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 2.5 μm. The sculpture is baculate.

(891) Cuscuta australis R.Br.

Shown in folder-0891. The pollen grains are stephanocolpate. The grains size is 18.0–23.4 × 23.4–28.8 μm. (1978-VIII-12, Ohzu City)

(892) Cuscuta japonica Choisy

Shown in folder-0892. The pollen grains are stephanocolpate. The grains size is 28.8–36.0 × 32.4–36.0 μm. (1977-VIII-31, Chiba City, Tahara)

(893) Cuscuta chinensis Lam.

Shown in folder-0893. The pollen grains are tricolpate. The grains size is 21.6–28.8 × 25.2–28.8 μm. (1955-VI-4, Tanezaki, Kochi City)

Calystegia

Pollen grains are periporate, and the shape is spheroidal. The pores are slightly sank from the surface, the pore diameter is 5.0–7.0 μm, and there are approximately 10 or more pores that are scattered. Granules are scattered on the upper surface of the pores. The exine has ectexine > endexine, it is 5.5 μm thick, and has columellae development. The sculpture is baculate.

(894) Calystegia hederacea Wall.

Shown in folder-0894. The grain size is 63.0–90.0 μm. (1977-VII-15, Kochi City)

Ipomoea

Pollen grains are periporate, and the shape is spheroidal. The 50 or more scattered pores are circular or elliptical, and have a diameter of 5.0–7.0 μm. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 3.5–7.0 μm thick. The sculpture is predominantly echinate. The height of the spines is 10.0 μm or more, they are constricted in the middle, and have rounds tips. Each pore is surrounded by 3–5 spines. Around each pore, development of the layer of columellae forms muri. Pollen grains of Ipomoea alba L. are gemmate.

(895) Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) Sweet

Shown in folder-0895. The spines are approximately 18.0 μm apart and 10.0–13.0 μm hight. The grain size is 75.6–90.0 μm. (1972-VIII-23, Miyakojima Island, Okinawa Prefecture)

(896) Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr.

Shown in folder-0896. Two types of protrusions, large and small, surround the pores. The smaller spines are 5.0–6.0 μm hight. The grain size is 102.6–113.4 μm (excluding spines). (1961-V-21, Susaki City, Kochi Prefecture)

(897) Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir.

Shown in folder-0897. The grain size is 108.0–117.0 μm. (1977-X-25, Kochi City)

(898) Ipomoea quamoclit L.

Shown in folder-0898. The grain size is 135.0–140.0 μm. (1977-VIII-24, Kochi City, plantation)

(899) Ipomoea alba L.

Shown in folder-0899. The sculpture is gemmate, and the gemmae are large and small in size. The larger gemmae have a diameter of 9.0 μm. The grain size is 120.0–180.0 μm. (1978-IX-15, Ohzu City)

Solanaceae

Physalis, Alkekengi, and Solanum

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular to subangular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long and the polar region is narrow. The endoaperture is long, protrudes in the horizontal direction, and has a costa. The exine is 1.2–1.8 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(900) Physalis pubescens L.

Shown in folder-0900. The grain size is 27.0–32.4 × 28.8–36.0 μm. (1971-VIII-16, Kochi City)

(901) Alkekengi officinarum Moench var. franchetii (Mast.) R.J.Wang

Shown in folder-0901. The grain size is 23.4–25.2 × 23.4–27.0 μm. (1979-VII-15, Ohzu City)

(902) Solanum melongena L.

Shown in folder-0902. The margo is thickened. The grain size is 19.8–27.0 × 23.4–30.6 μm. (1977-Vlll-6, Kochi City)

(903) Solanum capsicoides All.

Shown in folder-0903. The endoaperture completely surrounds the equatorial plane. The grain size is 25.2–27.0 × 28.8–30.6 μm. (1977-XI-20, Cape Muroto, Kochi Prefecture)

(904) Solanum nigrum L.

Shown in folder-0904.The margo is slightly thickened. The grain size is 21.6–25.2 × 21.6–23.4 μm. (1978-VIII-17, Ohzu City)

(905) Solanum lyratum Thunb.

Shown in folder-0905. The grain size is 12.6–14.4 × 10.8–12.6 μm. (1977-X-2, Kochi City)

(906) Solanum japonense Nakai

Shown in folder-0906. The grain size is 12.6–14.4 × 9.0–14.4 μm. (1977-VI-10, Kochi City)

Lycianthes

Pollen grains are syncolpate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular to subangular and that of the equatorial view is oblate spheroidal. The furrows are long, and reach the poles and merge. The endoaperture is long, protrudes in the horizontal direction, and has a costa. The sculpture is scabrate.

(907) Lycianthes biflora (Lour.) Bitter

Shown in folder-0907. The grain size is 9.0–12.6 × 9.0–10.8 μm. (1934-IV, Yakushima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture)

Petunia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrow is long and narrow, and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture has a costa. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is rugulate.

(908) Petunia × hybrida (Hook.f.) Vilm.

Shown in folder-0908. The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 25.2–32.4 μm. (1977-V-13, Kochi City)

Lycium

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrow is long and narrow, and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is horizontally long and has a costa. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is striate.

(909) Lycium chinense Mill.

Shown in folder-0909. The grain size is 19.8–23.4 × 23.4–27.0 μm. (1977-VI-14, Kochi City)

Datura

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrow is short and indistinct. The endoaperture protrudes slightly, and the costa is slight. The exine is 1.2 μm thick, and the sculpture is rugulate.

(910) Datura stramonium L.

Shown in folder-0910. The grain size is 39.6–45.0 × 41.4–43.2 μm. (1957-VII, Kochi City)

Scopolia

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrows are short and indistinct. The exine is 1.2 μm thick, and the sculpture is verrucate.

(911) Scopolia japonica Maxim.

Shown in folder-0911. The grain size is 41.4–45.0 μm. (1957-IV-17, Tomisato, Ehime Prefecture)

Oleaceae

Jasminum, Ligustrum, and Syringa

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The number of furrows is rarely 4. The endoaperture is circular and has no costa. The exine is tectate, and has ectexine > endexine. The sculpture is reticulate, and the bacula are lined up in a row to form the muri.

(912) Jasminum humile L. var. revolutum (Sims) Stokes

Shown in folder-0912. The exine is 6.0 μm thick, and the density of the lumina is 3–5/100 μm². The grain size is 61.2–72.0 × 63.0–66.6 μm. (1978-VI-12, Ohzu City)

(913) Ligustrum japonicum Thunb.

Shown in folder-0913. The exine is 3.5 μm thick, and the density of the lumina is 2–3/25 μm². The grain size is 36.0–41.4 × 36.0–39.6 μm. (1977-VI-14, Kochi City)

(914) Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk.

Shown in folder-0914. The density of the lumina is 2–3/25 μm². The grain size is 34.2–37.8 × 34.2–36.0 μm. (1955-V-1, Tanegashima Island)

(915) Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0915. The grain size is 30.6–32.4 × 28.8–34.2 μm. (1970-VI-5, Kochi City)

(916) Syringa reticulata (Blume) H.Hara

Shown in folder-0916. The exine is sometimes semi-tectate, and the sculpture is an incomplete reticulate. The grain size is 37.8–41.4 × 36.0–37.8 μm. (1978-VI-25, Oshika Peninsula, Miyagi Prefecture, Morita)

Forsythia, Osmanthus, and Fraxinus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The endoaperture is circular and has no costa. The exine is tectate, and has ectexine > endexine. The sculpture is reticulate, and the bacula are lined up in a row to form the muri.

(917) Forsythia saxatilis (Nakai) Nakai

Shown in folder-0917. The exine is 2.0 μm thick, and the density of the lumina is 5–8/25 μm². The grain size is 25.2–32.4 × 25.2–32.4 μm. (1978-IV-14, Ohzu City)

(918) Osmanthus heterophyllus (G.Don) P.S.Green

Shown in folder-0918. The exine is 2.0 μm thick, and the density of the lumina is 5–6/25 μm². The grain size is 19.8–21.6 μm. (1977-X-15, Kochi City)

(919) Fraxinus sieboldiana Blume

Shown in folder-0919. The density of the lumina is 5–7/25 μm². The grain size is 19.8–25.2 × 23.4–25.2 μm. (1977 IV-20, Kochi City)

(920) Fraxinus insularis Hemsl.

Shown in folder-0920. The grain size is 19.8–21.6 × 21.6–23.4 μm. (1973-IV-4, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture)

(921) Fraxinus lanuginosa Koidz. f. serrata (Nakai) Murata

Shown in folder-0921. The grain size is 16.2–21.6 × 18.0–21.6 μm. (1970-V-6, Mt. Kuishiyama, Kochi Prefecture)

(922) Fraxinus griffithii C.B.Clarke

Shown in folder-0922. The sculpture is finely reticulate. The grain size is 14.4–19.8 × 16.2–18.0 μm. (1977-VII-7, Kochi City)

Gesneriaceae

Conandron

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spherical subprolate. The furrow is short and the polar region is wide. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is a psilate.

(923) Conandron ramondioides Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0923. The grain size is 7.2–8.1 × 9.0–9.9 μm. (1959-VII-29, Nakatsu Gorge, Nanokawa, Kochi Prefecture)

Plantaginaceae

Plantago

Pollen grains are periporate, and the shape is spheroidal. The pores are circular. The exine is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is verrucate.

(924) Plantago asiatica L.

Shown in folder-0924. There are approximately 7 pores, which are indistinct. The grain size is 19.8–23.4 μm. (1976-VI-13, Kochi City)

(925) Plantago lanceolata L.

Shown in folder-0925. There are approximately 10 pores, which are distinct and have annuli. The grain size is 18.0–34.8 μm. (1977-VIII-8, Hiruzen, Okayama Prefecture)

Veronica

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is oblate spheroidal. The furrows are long and wide, and the upper surface of the furrows is verrucate. The exine is 1.5–2.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(926) Veronica polita Fr. var. lilacina (T.Yamaz.) T.Yamaz.

Shown in folder-0926. The grain size is 30.6–34.2 × 27.0–32.4 μm. (1978-III-20, Ohzu City)

(927) Veronica onoei Franch. et Sav.

Shown in folder-0927. The grain size is 23.4–24.0 × 21.6–25.2 μm. (1978-VI-5, Wild Grass Garden, Sendai City, Morita)

Limnophila, Pentstemon, and Veronicastrum

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to prolate. The endoaperture is indistinct and protrudes slightly. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate.

(928) Imnophila sessiliflora (Vahl) Blume

Shown in folder-0928. The grain size is 16.2–19.8 × 18.0–19.8 μm. (1977-X-7, Oike, Yokkaichi City, Mie Prefecture)

(929) Limnophila chinensis Osbeck) Merr. subsp. aromatica (Lam.) T.Yamaz.

Shown in folder-0929. The grain size is 16.2–18.0 × 16.2–19.8 μm. (1977-X-7, Oike, Yokkaichi City, Mie Prefecture)

(930) Pennellianthus frutescens (Lamb.) Crosswh.

Shown in folder-0930. The grain size is 16.2–19.8 × 19.8–21.6 μm. (1960-VIII, Mt. Rausu, Hokkaido)

(931) Veronicastrum japonicum (Nakai) T.Yamaz. var. japonicum

Shown in folder-0931. The grain size is 10.8–12.6 × 16.2–18.0 μm. (1960-VIII, Setana, Hokkaido)

Scrophulariaceae

Buddleja

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The endoaperture is slightly horizontally oval with a costa. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the columellae are almost indistinguishable. The sculpture is reticulate, and the brochi disappear from view with a slight focal adjustment when viewed under a microscope.

(932) Buddleja curviflora Hook. et Arn.

Shown in folder-0932. The grain size is 12.6–16.2 × 14.4–18.0 μm. (1955-VII, Mt. Kuishi, Kochi Prefecture)

Scrophularia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long, and the margo is slightly thickened. The endoaperture is horizontally long. The exine has ectexine ≤ endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate and almost uniform over the entire surface, but the brochi disappear from view with a slight focal adjustment when viewed under a microscope.

(933) Scrophularia duplicatoserrata (Miq.) Makino

Shown in folder-0933. The grain size is 18.0–23.4 × 21.6–23.4 μm. (1977-VIII-9, Mt. Daisen, Tottori Prefecture)

Linderniaceae

Vandellia

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to prolate. The furrows are long and narrow, and the margines are slightly thickened. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate.

(934) Vandellia micrantha (D.Don) Eb.Fisch. Schäferh. et Kai Müll.

Shown in folder-0934. The grain size is 10.8–16.2 × 14.4–16.2 μm. (1977-X-7, Oike, Yokkaichi City, Mie Prefecture)

Pedaliaceae

Sesamum

Pollen grains are stephanocolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subspheroidal. The furrows are long, and number approximately 12. The exine is 2.5 μm thick. The sculpture is verrucate, and the density of the verrucae is 10–15/25 μm².

(935) Sesamum indicum L.

Shown in folder-0935. The grain size is 57.6–68.4 μm. (1977-VII-17, Kochi City)

Labiatae

Clerodendron

Pollen grains are tricolpate or syncolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is prolate spheroidal. The exine is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is interspersed with spinules with a height of 1.0–1.5 μm at a density of 4–6/100 μm², and the surface is densely covered with granules.

(936) Clerodendrum japonicum (Thunb.) Sweet

Shown in folder-0936. The number of furrows is indefinite, and the furrows are long, and irregularly arranged. The grain size is 57.6–90.0 μm. (1978-lX-15, Ozu City)

(937) Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb.

Shown in folder-0937. The length of the furrows is approximately 30 μm. The grain size is 57.6–90.0 μm. (1978-lX-15, Ohzu City)

(938) Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb. var. esculentum Makino

Shown in folder-0938. The length of the furrows is approximately 30 μm. The grain size is 54.0–64.8 × 54.0–70.5 μm. (1966-VIII, Okinoshima Island, Kochi Prefecture)

Premna, Leonurus, and Lamium

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrows are long and wide. The exine has ectexine < endexine, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is granulate.

(939) Premna microphylla Turcz.

Shown in folder-0939. The grain size is 18.0–21.0 × 18.0–23.4 μm. (1978-VI-5, Ohzu City)

(940) Leonurus japonicus Houtt.

Shown in folder-0940. The grain size is 18.0–21.6 × 19.8–21.6 μm. (1977-lX-5, Iwami-cho, Nara Prefecture)

(941) Lamium album L. var. barbatum (Siebold et Zucc.) Franch. et Sav.

Shown in folder-0941. The grain size is 18.0–19.8 × 18.0–21.6 μm. (1978-IV-24, Ohzu City)

Vitex

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrows are long and wide. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is per-reticulate, and the density of the lumina is 5–6/25 μm². The mesh is almost uniform and changes to a rugulate appearance with an adjustment of the focal point when viewed under a microscope.

(942) Vitex rotundifolia L.f.

Shown in folder-0942. The grain size is 19.8–23.4 × 25.2–28.8 μm. (1955-VII-26, Katsurahama, Kochi City)

Callicarpa

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrows are long, and verrucae are distributed on the upper surface of the furrows. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is verrucate, and often changes to a finely reticulate appearance with an adjustment of the focal point when viewed under a microscope.

(943) Callicarpa dichotoma (Lour.) K.Koch

Shown in folder-0943. The grain size is 28.8–34.2 × 27.0–36.0 μm. (1977-VIIl-11, Chayamachi, Okayama Prefecture)

(944) Callicarpa kochiana Makino

Shown in folder-0944. The grain size is 28.8–32.4 × 28.8-–36.0 μm. (1976-VIIl-26, Kochi City)

(945) Callicarpa japonica Thunb.

Shown in folder-0945. The grain size is 21.6–32.4 × 28.8–36.0 μm. (1978-VII-13, Ohzu City)

(946) Callicarpa mollis Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-0946. The grain size is 28.8–32.4 × 27.0–28.8 μm. (1978-VI-8, Ohzu City)

Volkameria

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is prolate spheroidal. The length of the furrows is approximately 30 μm. The exine is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is scattered on the spinules with a height of 1.0–1.5 μm, and the surface is densely covered with granules.

(947) Volkameria inermis L.

Shown in folder-0947. The grain size is 45.0–54.0 × 52.2–61.2 μm. (1973-lV-3, Iriomote Island, Okinawa Prefecture)

Ajuga, Comanthosphace, and Pogostemon

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrows are long and wide. The exine is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is per-reticulate, and the brochus is intercolpium, which is coarse and fine near the furrow.

(948) Ajuga japonica Miq.

Shown in folder-0948. The grain size is 23.4–28.8 × 21.6–28.8 μm. (1975-VI, Mt. Senbonyama, Yanase, Kochi Prefecture)

(949) Ajuga decumbens Thunb.

Shown in folder-0949. The grain size is 30.6–34.2 × 32.4–36.0 μm. (1978-IV-24, Ohzu City)

(950) Ajuga nipponensis Makino

Shown in folder-0950. The grain size is 19.8–27.0 × 21.6–26.1 μm. The brochi are small. (1977-IV-18, Kochi City)

(951) Comanthosphace japonica (Miq.) S.Moore

Shown in folder-0951. The grain size is 19.8–21.5 × 16.2–21.6 μm. (1977-X-9, Jindaiji Temple, Tokyo)

(952) Pogostemon stellatus (Lour.) Kuntze

Shown in folder-0952. The grain size is 23.4–28.8 × 25.2–30.6 μm. (1958-X-19, Kochi City)

Chelonopsis

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is oblate spheroidal. The furrows are long and wide, but do not reach the poles. The exine develops columellae. The sculpture is supra-reticulate.

(953) Chelonopsis longipes Makino

Shown in folder-0953. The grain size is 25.2–32.4 μm. (1950-X, Mt. Kuishi, Kochi Prefecture)

(954) Chelonopsis moschata Miq.

Shown in folder-0954. The grain size is 28.8–32.4 × 23.4–27.0 μm. (1937-IX, Mt. Takao, Tokyo)

Isodon, Dracocephalum, Keiskea, and Perilla

Pollen grains are stephanocolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is oblate spheroidal. There are 6 furrows, which are long and narrow. The exine is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is supra-reticulate, and the reticulum is non-uniform.

(955) Isodon longitubus (Miq.) Kudô

Shown in folder-0955. The grain size is 27.0–34.2 × 28.8–32.4 μm. (1959-X, Kochi City Hachimataiwa)

(956) Dracocephalum argunense Fisch. ex Link var. japonicum (A.Gray) Kudô

Shown in folder-0956. The grain size is 34.2–41.4 × 34.2–37.8 μm. (1978-VI-25, Hachibodai, Akita Prefecture, Morita)

(957) Keiskea japonica Miq.

Shown in folder-0957. The lumina are large and have a density of 3–5/100 μm². The grain size is 19.8–30.6 × 23.4–27.0 μm.(1977-X-9, Jindaiji Temple, Tokyo)

(958) Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. crispa (Benth.) W.Deane f. viridis Makino) Makino

Shown in folder-0958. The density of the lumina is 10 or more/100 μm². The grain size is 21.6–32.4 × 25.2–27.0 μm. (1978-1X-13, Ohzu City)

Clinopodium and Glechoma

Pollen grains are stephanocolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subspheroidal. There are 6 furrows, which are long and narrow. The exine has ectexine = endexine, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is baculate, and the bacula are 1.0–1.5 μm in height.

(959) Clinopodium coreanum (H.Lév.) H.Hara subsp. coreanum

Shown in folder-0959. The grain size is 25.2–32.4 × 25.2–30.6 μm. (1977-VIII-9, Mt. Hiruzen, Okayama Prefecture)

(960) Clinopodium gracile (Benth.) Kuntze

Shown in folder-0960. The grain size is 27.0–32.4 × 27.0–30.6 μm. (1978-VIII-15, Ohzu City)

(961) Glechoma hederacea L. subsp. grandis (A.Gray) H.Hara

Shown in folder-0961. The grain size is 28.8–36.0 × 36.0–41.4 μm. (1978-V-6, Ohzu City)

Salvia, Prunella, Thymus, and Lycopus

Pollen grains are stephanocolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subspheroidal. There are 6 furrows, rarely 8, they are long and narrow. The exine is 2.0 μm thick, and has ectexine = endexine. The sculpture is reticulate, and the reticulum is fine and uniform.

(962) Salvia lutescens (Koidz.) Koidz. var. intermedia (Makino) Murata

Shown in folder-0962. The density of the lumina is 10–12/25 μm². The grain size is 23.4–34.2 × 21.6–34.2 μm. (1977-VI-11, Kochi City)

(963) Salvia nipponica Miq.

Shown in folder-0963. The grain size is 39.6–43.2 × 36.0–39.6 μm. (1977-IX-19, Wild Grass Garden, Sendai City, Morita)

(964) Prunella vulgaris L. subsp. asiatica (Nakai) H.Hara

Shown in folder-0964. The grain size is 28.8–37.8 × 30.6–34.2 μm. (1977-VII-20, Kochi City)

(965) Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. var. ibukiensis (Kudô) H.Hara

Shown in folder-0965. The grain size is 25.2–34.2 × 27.0–32.4 μm. (1977-IX-19, Wild Grass Garden, Sendai City, Morita)

(966) Lycopus uniflorus Michx.

Shown in folder-0966. The grain size is 23.4–28.8 × 21.6–25.2 μm. (1977-VIII-9, Mt. Hiruzen, Okayama Prefecture)

Scutellaria

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrows are long and wide. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is per-reticulate, and the reticulum is almost uniform, but changes to a rugulate appearance with an adjustment of the focal point when viewed under a microscope.

(967) Scutellaria indica L. var. indica

Shown in folder-0967. The grain size is 16.2–21.6 × 18.0–21.6 μm. (1977-IV-10, Kochi City)

Mazaceae

Mazus

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long, the margo is slightly thickened. The endoaperture is horizontally long. The exine has ectexine ≤ endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate and almost uniform over the entire surface, but the brochi disappear from view with a focal adjustment when viewed under a microscope.

(968) Mazus miquelii Makino

Shown in folder-0968. The grain size is 19.8–23.4 × 19.8–25.2 μm. (1978-V-18, Ohzu City)

Phrymaceae

Phryma

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is oblate spheroidal. The furrow is long and wide, and the top surface of the furrow is smooth. The endoaperture is indistinct. The exine is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the brochi are fine.

(969) Phryma esquirolii H.Lév.

Shown in folder-0969. The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 21.6–23.4 μm. (1978-VII-12, Tsuta Onsen(Hot Spring), Aomori Prefecture, Morita)

Paulowniaceae

Paulownia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrow is long, and the margo is slightly thickened. The endoaperture is horizontally long. The exine has ectexine ≤ endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate and almost uniform over the entire surface, but the brochi disappear from view with a focal adjustment when viewed under a microscope.

(970) Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud.

Shown in folder-0970. The grains size is 16.2–19.8 × 18.0–19.8 μm. (1977-V-10, Shigenobu Town, Ehime Prefecture)

Orobanchaceae

Euphrasia and Centranthera

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spherical. The furrows are long and wide, but the outlines are indistinct, and granules are scattered on the surface of the furrows. The exine is 1.5–2.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(971) Euphrasia multifolia Wettst.

Shown in folder-0971. The grain size is 27.0–32.4 μm. (1977-VIII-9, Mt. Hiruzen, Okayama Prefecture)

(972) Euphrasia insignis Wettst. subsp. iinumae (Takeda) T.Yamaz. var. makinoi (Takeda) T.Yamaz.

Shown in folder-0972 The grain size is 34.2–37.8 × 36.0–39.6 μm. (1961-Vlll-27, Miune, Tokushima Prefecture)

(973) Euphrasia maximowiczii Wettst.

Shown in folder-0973. The grain size is 28.8–32.4 × 30.6–36.0 μm. (1937-Vlll, Onogahara, Ehime Prefecture)

(974) Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. var. lutea (H.Hara) H.Hara

Shown in folder-0974. The grain size is 23.4–28.8 × 25.2–28.8 μm. (1977-VIII, Kochi City)

Pedicularis

Pollen grains are syncolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. There are 3 furrows, rarely 2. The furrows are long and fuse near both poles. The exine is 1.2 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate.

(975) Pedicularis resupinata L. subsp. oppositifolia (Miq.) T.Yamaz.

Shown in folder-0975. The grain size is 16.2–23.4 μm. (1955-X-1, Mt. Akaboshi, Ehime Prefecture)

(976) Pedicularis japonica Miq.

Shown in folder-0976. The grain size is 18.0–21.6 μm. (1960-VIII, Mt. Tokachidake, Hokkaido)

Aeginetia

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrows are long, but the outlines are indistinct. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is psilate.

(977) Aeginetia indica L.

Shown in folder-0977. The grain size is 18.0–23.4 × 21.6–27.0 μm. (1977-VIII-8, Mt. Daisen, Tottori Prefecture)

Lentibulariaceae

Utricularia

Pollen grains are stephanocolporate or tricorporate. The shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to suboblate. The sculpture is psilate.

(978) Utricularia japonica Makino

Shown in folder-0978. Pollen grains are stephanocolporate. There are 12–15 long furrows, and they extend in both polar directions. There are markedly prominent endoapertures, which fuse in a ring at the equatorial plane. The exine is 1.0 μm thick. The grain size is 32.4 × 30.6 μm. (1956-VIII, Wajiki, Kochi Prefecture)

(979) Utricularia bifida L.

Shown in folder-0979. Pollen grains are tricorporate. The number of furrows is sometimes 4. The endoaperture does not protrude. The exine is 1.2 μm thick. The grain size is 27.0–34.2 × 23.4–27.0 μm. (1977-IX-29, Jogecho, Hiroshima Prefecture, Hada)

(980) Utricularia uliginosa Vahl

Shown in folder-0980. Pollen grains are tricorporate. The number of furrows is sometimes 4. The endoaperture does not protrude. The grain size is 28.8–36.0 × 27.0–32.4 μm. (1977-IX-29, Jogecho, Hiroshima Prefecture, Hada)

Pinguicula

Pollen grains are stephanocolporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to suboblate. There are 6–8 furrows, which are long in both polar directions and have thickened margines. The endoaperture has an elliptical shape that does not protrude, and is long in the horizontal direction, it has a costa, and is sometimes connected to the left and right. The exine has ectexine < endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate.

(981) Pinguicula macroceras Pall. ex Link

Shown in folder-0981. The grain size is 27.0–34.2 × 23.4–27.0 μm. (1972-VII-10, Hakkoda Mountains, M. Yamanaka)

Acanthaceae

Avicennia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrow is long and both ends are sharp. The exine has ectexine = endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate, and the brochi are almost uniform over the entire surface.

(982) Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh.

Shown in folder-0982. The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 25.2–27.0 μm. (1972-VIIl, Miyakojima Island, Okinawa Prefecture)

Justicia

Pollen grains are dicolporate, and the shape of the polar view is oval and that of the equatorial view is prolate. The germination opening is located on a flat surface. The furrows are elongated. The endoaperture is circular with a diameter of 1.5 μm. The surface around the furrows is scabrate, and has several bacula gathered on it and distributed in several islands. The other surfaces are baculate.

(983) Justicia hayatae Yamam.

Shown in folder-0983. The grain size is 14.4–19.8 × 30.6–34.2 μm. (1977-IV-11, Kochi City)

Peristrophe

Pollen grains are heterocolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. There are 9–12 furrows, and 3–4 pores. The furrows without pores merge with the furrows with pores in both polar directions. The sculpture is reticulate.

(984) Peristrophe japonica (Thunb.) Bremek. var. subrotunda (Matsuda) Murata et Terao

Shown in folder-0984. The grain size is 45.0–55.8 × 57.5–63.0 μm. (1979-VIII-23, Akame Shijyuhachitaki, Mie Prefecture, Morita)

Bignoniaceae

Campsis

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate to prolate. The furrow is long and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is slightly oblong. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate. The brochi are fine and almost uniform over the entire surface.

(985) Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.) K.Schum.

Shown in folder-0985. The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 25.2–36.0 μm. (1977-VlI-9, Kochi City)

Verbenaceae

Phyla

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrow is long and narrow. The endoaperture extends horizontally around the equator, and has a costa. The exine is tectate, has ectexine ≥ endexine, and it is 2.7 μm thick. The sculpture is verrucate.

(986) Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene

Shown in folder-0986. The grain size is 30.6–34.2 × 30.6–39.6 μm. (1972-VIII-19, Okinawa main island)

Verbena

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is subangular to semi-lobate and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long. The endoaperture protrudes in the horizontal direction in the shape of a lens. The exine has ectexine = endexine, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is verrucate.

(987) Verbena officinalis L.

Shown in folder-0987. The grain size is 27.0–36.0 × 30.6–36.0 μm. (1977-VI-26, Kochi City)

Helwingiaceae

Helwingia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long, the polar region is narrow, and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is indistinct. The exine is 1.0 μm thick, and the sculpture is scabrate.

(988) Helwingia japonica (Thunb.) F.Dietr.

Shown in folder-0988. The grain size is 18.0–19.8 × 21.6–22.5 μm. (1977-V-18, Chiba City, Tahara)

Aquifoliaceae

Ilex

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is prolate spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long, and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is horizontally oval and does not protrude. The exine is an intectate, has ectexine > endexine, and it is 4.0 μm thick. The sculpture is clavate, but as the clavae with a height of 2.5 μm are densely arranged in the ectexine, the sculpture is baculate or scabrate in the margo.

(989) Ilex integra Thunb.

Shown in folder-0989. The grain size is 23.0–26.8 × 25.0–30.4 μm. The density of the clavae is 5–6/25 μm². (1977-IV-15, Kochi City)

(990) Ilex latifolia Thunb.

Shown in folder-0990. The density of the clavae is 5–6/25 μm². The grain size is 18.0–19.8 × 23.4–27.0 μm. (1977-IV-15, Kochi City)

(991) Ilex serrata Thunb.

Shown in folder-0991. The density of the clavae is 4–5/25 μm². The grain size is 18.0–19.8 × 18.0–23.4 μm. (1957-IV, Engyoji, Kochi City)

(992) Ilex pedunculosa Miq.

Shown in folder-0992. The density of the clavae is 3–5/25 μm². The grain size is 25.2–30.6 × 32.4–36.0 μm. (1977-VI, Kochi City)

(993) Ilex rotunda Thunb.

Shown in folder-0993. The density of the clavae is 5–6/25 μm². The grain size is 18.0–19.8 × 21.6–25.2 μm. (1962-V-15, Godaisan, Kochi City)

(994) Ilex chinensis Sims

Shown in folder-0994. The density of the clavae is 5–6/25 μm². The grain size is 16.2–19.8 × 21.6–25.2 μm. (1979-VI-8, Ohzu City)

(995) Ilex crenata Thunb. var. crenata

Shown in folder-0995. The density of the clavae is 8–10/25 μm². The grain size is 15.5–18.0 × 18.0–23.4 μm. (1978-V-11, Ohzu City)

Campanulaceae

Platycodon

Pollen grains are stephanocolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. There are 5–7 short furrows. The exine is tectate, has ectexine < endexine, and it is 2.0–3.0 μm thick. The sculpture is a scabrate, and spinules with a length of 1.0 μm or less are sparsely scattered on the surface.

(996) Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC.

Shown in folder-0996. The grain size is 54.0–64.8 × 54.0–70.5 μm. The density of the spinules is 5–8/25 μm². (1966-VIII, Okinoshima Island, Kochi Prefecture)

Codonopsis

Pollen grains are stephanocolpate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. There are 7–10 long furrows. The exine is tectate, has ectexine < endexine, and it is 2.0–3.0 μm thick. The sculpture is a scabrate, and spinules with a length of 1.0 μm or less are sparsely scattered on the surface.

(997) Codonopsis lanceolata (Siebold et Zucc.) Trautv.

Shown in folder-0997. The grain size is 27.0–34.2 μm. (1959-VII, Mt. Nakatsumyojinsan, Kochi Prefecture)

Lobelia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate to prolate. The furrow is long and the polar region is narrow. The margo is thickened. The area around the germination opening may protrude slightly. The exine is 1.2 μm thick, and the sculpture is a scabrate.

(998) Lobelia chinensis Lour.

Shown in folder-0998. The grain size is 19.8–25.2 × 23.4–28.8

μm. (1976-VI-15, Kochi City)

(999) Lobelia sessilifolia Lamb.

Shown in folder-0999. The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 34.2–39.6 μm. (1977-IX-25, Gifu Prefecture Hatami, Morita)

Adenophora and Campanula

Pollen grains are stephanoporate or triporate. The shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The pores number 3 or 4, are circular, and have a diameter of 5.4 μm. Each pore has an annulus, and is slightly indented. The exine is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is covered with scabrae, and spinules are distributed almost uniformly on the surface.

(1000) Adenophora maximowicziana Makino

Shown in folder-1000. The density of the spinules is 2–4/25 μm². The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 34.2–39.6 μm. (1977-IX-25, Mizunami, Gifu Prefecture, Morita)

(1001) Adenophora triphylla (Thunb.) A.DC. var. japonica (Regel) H.Hara

Shown in folder-1001. The grain size is 34.2–43.2 μm. (1972-IX-5, Kochi City)

(1002) Campanula punctata Lam. var. punctata

Shown in folder-1002. The number of pores is often 3. The grain size is 28.8–32.4 μm. (1978-VI-16, Ohzu City)

(1003) Campanula chamissonis Fed.

Shown in folder-1003. The number of pores is 3–4. The exine is thin (1.0 μm thick). The grain size is 27.0–32.4 μm. (1960-VIII, Mt. Rausudake, Hokkaido)

Wahlenbergia

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The pores are circular with a diameter of 5.4 μm and each pore has an annulus, which is slightly indented. The number of pores is 3, rarely 4. The exine is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is echinate, and it is densely covered with spinules.

(1004) Wahlenbergia marginata (Thunb.) A.DC.

Shown in folder-1004. The density of the spinules is 8–10/25 μm². The grain size is 32.4–45.0 μm. (1978-VI-15, Ohzu City)

Menyanthaceae

Menyanthes and Nephrophyllidium

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long and the costa is slightly thickened. The endoaperture is indistinct. The exine is 1.5 μm thick, and the sculpture is striate.

(1005) Menyanthes trifoliata L.

Shown in folder-1005. The grain size is 28.8–36.0 × 36.0–46.8 μm. (1964-V-5, Chofu, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Hatanaka)

(1006) Nephrophyllidium crista-galli (Menzies ex Hook.) Gilg subsp. japonicum (Franch.) Yonek. et H.Ohashi

Shown in folder-1006. The grain size is 28.8–32.4 × 34.2–36.0 μm. (1967-VI-25, Mt. Hakkodasan, Hibino)

Nymphoides

Pollen grains are syncolpate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular to subangular and that of the equatorial view is suboblate. There are 3 furrows that extend longitudinally and merge at both poles, forming independent triangular regions near the poles. The exine is 1.8 μm thick, and the sculpture is striate or verrucate.

(1007) Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze

Shown in folder-1007. The sculpture is verrucate. The grain size is 23.4–30.6 × 18.0–23.4 μm. (1977-VII-26, Higashiyama Botanical Garden, Nagoya City, Morita)

(1008) Nymphoides peltata (S.G.Gmel.) Kuntze

Shown in folder-1008. The sculpture is striate. The grain size is 28.8–36.0 × 18.0–25.2 μm. (1979-VIII, Tohoku University Botanical Garden, Morita)

Goodeniaceae

Scaevola

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrow is long, both ends are sharp, and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is a horizontal ellipse, and has a costa. The exine has ectexine > endexine, it is 3.5 μm thick, and columellae development in the intercolpium is evident. The sculpture is verrucate.

(1009) Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb.

Shown in folder-1009. The grain size is 48.6–54.0 × 59.4–61.2 μm. (1972-VIII-19, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture)

Asteraceae

Asteroideae and Carduoideae

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The number of furrows is 3, sometimes 4. The endoaperture is mostly oval. The exine has distinct columellae. The sculpture is echinate, and the density of spines on the pollen grains of each species shows the measured value on the polar surface.

Aster, Tripolium, Nemosenecio, Senecio, Emilia, Wedelia, Bidens, Arnica, Carpesium, and Eupatorium

The development of the layer of columellae is not noticeable, and it does not arrange in a crescent shape in the intercolpi. The sculpture is covered with scabrae, and the spines are scattered.

(1010) Aster glehnii F.Schmidt

Shown in folder-1010. The exine is 2.0 μm thick, the height of the spines is 4.0–5.0 μm, and the spine density is 5–6/100 μm². The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 23.4 μm. (1977-VIII-14, Senjogahara, Tochigi Prefecture, Hada)

(1011) Aster semiamplexicaulis (Makino) Makino ex Koidz.

Shown in folder-1011. The height of the spines is 4.0–5.0 μm, and the spine density is 4–5/100 μm². The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 23.4–25.2 μm. (1957-Ⅺ-1, Kochi City)

(1012) Aster rugulosus Maxim.

Shown in folder-1012. The height of the spines is 4.0–5.0 μm, and the spine density is 3–4/100 μm². The grain size is 21.6–25.2 × 21.6–23.4 μm. (1977-IX-27, Fuchu City, Hiroshima Prefecture, Hada)

(1013) Aster scaber Thunb.

Shown in folder-1013. The height of the spines is 4.0–5.0 μm, and the spine density is 4–5/100 μm². The grain size is 21.6–23.4 μm. (1976-X-10, Kochi City)

(1014) Aster hispidus Thunb. var. leptocladus (Makino) Okuyama

Shown in folder-1014. The height of the spines is 4.0–5.0 μm, and the spine density is 5–6/100 μm². The grain size is 19.8–23.4 × 21.6 μm. (1971-IX-15, Kochi City)

(1015) Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda

Shown in folder-1015. The height of the spines is 4.0 μm, and the spine density is 4–5/100 μm². The grain size is 21.6–25.2 × 21.6–23.4 μm. (1978-X-24, Ohzu City)

(1016) Aster miquelianus H.Hara

Shown in folder-1016. The height of the spines is 5.0–5.5 μm, and the spine density is 4–5/100 μm². The grain size is 21.6–27.0 × 23.4–28.8 μm. (1958-VIII-25, Mt. Ishizuchisan, Ehime Prefecture)

(1017) Tripolium pannonicum (Jacq.) Dobrocz.

Shown in folder-1017. The height of the spines is 4.0–5.0 μm, and the spine density is 3–4/100 μm². The grain size is 23.4–25.2 × 23.4 μm. (1957-X-2, Uranouchi, Kochi Prefecture)

(1018) Nemosenecio nikoensis (Miq.) B.Nord.

Shown in folder-1018. The height of the spines is 3.0–4.0 μm, and the spine density is 5–6/100 μm². The grain size is 18.0–23.4 × 21.6–27.0 μm. (1957-VII, Mt. Kuishi, Kochi Prefecture)

(1019) Senecio nemorensis L.

Shown in folder-1019. The height of the spines is 3.0–4.0 μm, and the spine density is 4–5/100 μm². The grain size is 21.6–25.2 × 23.4–25.2 μm. (1977-VIII-14, Senjogahara, Tochigi Prefecture, Hada)

(1020) Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don

Shown in folder-1020. The height of the spines is 3.0–4.0 μm, and the spine density is 5–6/100 μm². The grain size is 21.6–25.2 μm. (1977-Ⅺ-5, Cape Muroto, Kochi Prefecture)

(1021) Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. var. javanica (Burm.f.) Mattf.

Shown in folder-1021. The height of the spines is 2.7–3.0 μm, and the spine density is 5–6/100 μm². The grain size is 25.2–28.8 μm. (1955-X-5, Kochi City)

(1022) Wedelia prostrata Hemsl.

Shown in folder-1022. The height of the spines is 5.4 μm, and the spine density is 3–4/100 μm². The grain size is 19.8–23.4 × 19.8–21.6 μm. (1954-V-25, Cape Muroto, Kochi Prefecture)

(1023) Bidens frondosa L.

Shown in folder-1023. The height of the spines is 4.0 μm, and the spine density is 4–5/100 μm². The grain size is 25.2–27.0 μm. (1974-VIII-10, Kochi City)

(1024) Arnica unalaschcensis Less. var. tschonoskyi (Iljin) Kitam. et H.Hara

Shown in folder-1024. The height of the spines is 4.0–5.0 μm, and the spine density is 3–4/100 μm². The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 27.0 μm. (1940-VII, Mt. Hakkodasan, Aomori Prefecture)

(1025) Carpesium abrotanoides L.

Shown in folder-1025. The height of the spines is 5.0 μm, and the spine density is 3–4/100 μm². The grain size is 23.4–28.8 μm. (1955-VIII-16, Godaisan, Kochi City)

(1026) Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. var. lindleyanum

Shown in folder-1026. The endoaperture is an elongated oval. The spine height is 3.0–4.0 μm, and the spine density is 5–6/100 μm². The grain size is 16.2–19.8 × 19.8–21.6 μm. (1959-IX-20, Kochi City)

(1027) Eupatorium makinoi T. Kawahara et Yahara var. makinoi

Shown in folder-1027. The endoaperture is an elongated oval. The height of the spines is 4.0 μm, and the density is 3–4/100 μm². The grain size is 18.0–21.6 × 19.8–21.6 μm. (1958-IX, Mt. Kuishi, Kochi Prefecture)

Erigeron, Centipeda, Eschenbachia, Solidago, Tephroseris, Cotula, Anaphalis, and Erechtites

The development of the columellae layer is not remarkable, and it does not arrange in a crescent shape in the intercolpi. The sculpture is covered with scabrae and the spinules are scattered.

(1028) Erigeron thunbergii A.Gray subsp. thunbergii

Shown in folder-1028. The endoaperture is a circle with a diameter of 3.0–5.0 μm. The height of the spinules is 2.0–3.0 μm, and the spinule density is 8–9/100 μm². The grain size is 18.0–19.8 μm. (1937-V, Karuizawa, Nagano Prefecture)

(1029) Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.

Shown in folder-1029. The height of the spinules is 2.0–3.0 μm, and the spinule density is 8–10/100 μm². The grain size is 18.0–23.4 × 19.8–21.3 μm. (1977-IV-20, Kochi City)

(1030) Centipeda minima (L.) A.Braun et Asch.

Shown in folder-1030. The height of the spinules is 1.0 μm, and the spinule density is 6/100 μm². The grain size is 18.0–19.8 × 16.2–18.0 μm. (1977-VIII-21, Kochi City)

(1031) Eschenbachia japonica (Thunb.) Koster

Shown in folder-1031. The height of the spinules is 1.0 μm, and the spinule density is 7–8/100 μm². The grain size is 18.0–19.8 × 19.8–21.6 μm. (1976-X-23, Kochi City)

(1032) Solidago altissima L.

Shown in folder-1032. The height of the spinules is 1.8–2.0 μm, and the spinule density is 8–9/100 μm². The grain size is 16.4–18.0 μm. (1976-VII-1, Kochi City)

(1033) Tephroseris integrifolia (L.) Holub subsp. kirilowii (Turcz. ex DC.) B.Nord.

Shown in folder-1033. The exine is 2.0 μm thick. The height of the spinules is 2.0 μm, and the spinule density is 8–9/100 μm². The grain size is 23.4–30.6 × 28.8–34.2 μm. (1972-VII-13, Mt. Aso, Kumamoto Prefecture)

(1034) Cotula australis (Sieber ex Spreng.) Hook.f.

Shown in folder-1034. The exine is 2.5 μm thick. The height of the spinules is 1.8 μm, and the spinule density is 3–4/100 μm². The grain size is 18.0–21.6 × 19.8–21.6 μm. (1979-V-3, Hiroshima City)

(1035) Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. et Hook.f. var. angustifolia (Franch. et Sav.) Hayata

Shown in folder 1035. The height of the spinules is 1.0-1.5 μm, and the spinule density is 7-8/100 μm². The grain size is 14.4-18.0 × 16.2-18.0 μm. (1958-VIII-3, Mt. Sasagamine, Ehime Prefecture)

(1036) Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC.

Shown in folder-1036. The endoaperture is a circle with a diameter of 3.0 μm. The exine is 1.5 μm thick. The height of the spinules is 1.5 μm, and the spinule density is 7–8/100 μm². The grain size is 23.4–28.8 × 28.8–30.6 μm. (1978-VI-8, Ohzu City)

Chrysanthemum, Parasenecio, Taimingasa, Atractylodes, Cirsium, Ligularia, and Serratula

The exine is thick and the layer of columellae is well developed. The sculpture is covered with verrucae to bacula, and the spines are scattered.

(1037) Chrysanthemum indicum L.

Shown in folder-1037. The exine is 3.5 μm thick. The height of the spines is 3.0 μm, and the spine density is 3–4/100 μm². The grain size is 16.2–21.6 × 18.0–21.6 μm. (1972-Ⅺ-25, Kochi City)

(1038) Chrysanthemum makinoi Matsum. et Nakai

Shown in folder-1038. The height of the spines is 3.0 μm, and the spine density is 3–4/100 μm². The grain size is 18.0 × 19.8 μm. (1963-X-25, Kochi City)

(1039) Chrysanthemum japonense (Makino) Nakai

Shown in folder-1039. The exine is 5.4 μm thick. The height of the spines is 4.1 μm, and the spine density is 2–3/100 μm². The grain size is 18.0–23.4 × 21.6–27.0 μm. (1978-Ⅺ-10, Ohzu City)

(1040) Parasenecio adenostyloides (Franch. et Sav. ex Maxim.) H.Koyama

Shown in folder-1040. The exine is 1.8 μm thick. The height of the spines is 5.4 μm, and the spine density is 3–4/100 μm². The grain size is 32.4–34.2 × 32.4–36.0 μm. (1953-VIII, Omogo Gorge, Ehime Prefecture)

(1041) Parasenecio nikomontanus (Matsum.) H.Koyama

Shown in folder-1041. The height of the spines is 5.5 μm, and the spine density is 3–4/100 μm². The grain size is 30.6–36.0 × 30.6–37.8 μm. (1977-VIII-11, Mt. Hiruzen, Okayama Prefecture)

(1042) Parasenecio farfarifolius (Siebold et Zucc.) H.Koyama var. bulbiferus (Maxim.) H.Koyama

Shown in folder-1042. The height of the spines is 4.0–5.0 μm, and the spine density is 3–4/100 μm². The grain size is 28.8–32.4 × 30.6–32.4 μm. (1978-X-1, Oirase, Aomori Prefecture, Morita)

(1043) Taimingasa yatabei (Matsum. et Koidz.) C.Ren et Q.E.Yanga var. occidentalis (F. Maek. ex Kitam.) C.Ren et Q.E.Yang

Shown in folder-1043. The height of the spines is 5.5 μm, and the spine density is 3–4/100 μm². The grain size is 34.2–37.8 × 36.0–37.8 μm. (1934-VII-30, Nametoko, Ehime Prefecture)

(1044) Atractylodes ovata (Thunb.) DC.

Shown in folder-1044. The endoaperture is oval and 9.0 × 7.0 μm in size. The exine is 3.5 μm thick. The height of the spines is 3.7 μm, and the spine density is 3–4/100 μm². The grain size is 45.0–54.0 × 43.2–48.6 μm. (1958-X-10, Kochi City)

(1045) Cirsium yoshinoi Nakai var. shikokianum Kitam.

Shown in folder-1045. The endoaperture is oval and its size is 5.5 × 9.0 μm. The exine is 4.5 μm thick. The height of the spines is 5.4 μm, and the spine density is 1–2/100 μm². The grain size is 43.2–48.6 × 39.6–45.0 μm. (1977-X-23, Kochi City)

(1046) Ligularia japonica DC.

Shown in folder-1046. The endoaperture is elongated in the horizontal direction, and its length is 14.5 μm. The exine is 2.5 μm thick. The height of the spines is 5.4 μm, and the spine density is 1–3/100 μm². The grain size is 36.0–45.0 × 41.4–45.0 μm. (1978-VI-18, Ohzu City)

(1047) Serratula coronata L. subsp. insularis (Iljin) Kitam.

Shown in folder-1047. The height of spines is 3.0–4.0 μm, and the spine density is 1–2/100 μm². The exine is 6.0–7.0 μm thick. (1959-IX-20, Kochi City)

Achillea, Synurus, and Saussurea

The exine is thick and the layer of columellae is well developed. The sculpture is covered with verrucae to bacula, and the spinules are scattered.

(1048) Achillea alpina L. subsp. alpina var. longiligulata H.Hara

Shown in folder-1048. The exine is 5.0 μm thick. The height of the spinules is 2.0 μm, and the spinule density is 5–6/100 μm². The grain size is 21.6–23.4 × 19.8–21.6 μm. (1937-VIII, Onogahara, Ehime Prefecture)

(1049) Synurus pungens (Franch. et Sav.) Kitam.

Shown in folder-1049. The endoaperture is an ellipse that is elongated in the polar direction, and its size is 5.5 × 24.5 μm. The exine is 4.5 μm thick. The height of the spinules is 2.0 μm, and the spinule density is 2–3/100 μm². The grain size is 41.4–50.4 × 41.4–48.6 μm. (1978-X-14, Moriyoshiyama, Miyagi Prefecture, Morita)

(1050) Saussurea nikoensis Franch. et Sav.

Shown in folder-1050. The height of the spinules is 2.0–3.0 μm, and the spinule density is 3–4/100 μm². The grain size is 43.2–45.0 × 37.8–43.2 μm. (1936-X-1, Kirigamine, Nagano Prefecture)

(1051) Saussurea amabilis Kitam.

Shown in folder-1051. The exine is 5 μm thick. The height of the spinules is 1.0–2.0 μm, and the spinule density is 7–8/100 μm². The grain size is 45.0–50.4 × 46.8–50.4 μm. (1934-IX, Mt. Tanzawa, Kanagawa Prefecture)

(1052) Saussurea yoshinagae Kitam.

Shown in folder-1052. The exine is 5.0–6.0 μm thick. The height of the spinules is 2.0 μm, and the spinule density is 3–4/100 μm². The grain size is 41.4–45.0 × 41.4–52.2 μm. (1959-Ⅺ, Kochi City)

Leibnitzia, Ainsliaea, and Diaspananthus

The exine is thick and the layer of columellae is well developed. The sculpture is covered with verrucae to bacula, and the spinules, with a height of 1 μm or less, are scattered. The pollen grain size is 30 μm or more on the major axis.

(1053) Leibnitzia anandria (L.) Turcz.

Shown in folder-1053. The furrow is long, and the margo is thickened. The endoaperture is circular with a diameter of 5.0 μm. The exine is 5.4 μm thick. The spinules are small and often indistinct. The grain size is 27.0–34.2 × 39.6–43.2 μm. (1978-X-26, Aobayama, Sendai City, Morita)

(1054) Ainsliaea acerifolia Sch.Bip. var. acerifolia

Shown in folder-1054. The endoaperture is an ellipse that is long in the polar direction and has a major axis of 16.2 μm. The exine is 4.0 μm thick. The height of the spinules is 1.0 μm, and the spinule density is approximately 15/100 μm². The grain size is 30.6–36.0 × 39.6–45.0 μm. (1977-IX-19, Wild Grass Garden, Sendai City, Morita)

(1055) Ainsliaea uniflora Sch.Bip.

Shown in folder-1055. The endoaperture is horizontally long and has a costa. The exine is 4.5 μm thick. The sculpture is baculate, and the density of the spinules is 5–6/100 μm². The grain size is 32.4–51.4 × 46.8–50.4 μm. (1959-X-25, Kagami Village, Kochi Prefecture)

Adenocaulon

The endoaperture is horizontally long and has a costa. The exine is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is covered with scabrae, and fine spinules are scattered at a density of approximately 15/100 μm².

(1056) Adenocaulon himalaicum Edgew.

Shown in folder-1056. The grain size is 24.2–28.8 × 28.8–30.6 μm. (1977-VIII-7, Mt. Daisen, Tottori Prefecture)

Xanthium and Ambrosia

The furrow is short and the polar region is wide. The endoaperture is circular or elliptical with a diameter of 2.0 μm, and an exine with a thickness of 2.0 μm, often forming cavea. The sculpture is covered with scabrae to bacula and the spinules are scattered.

(1057) Xanthium strumarium L. subsp. sibiricum (Patrin ex Widder) Greuter

Shown in folder-1057. The density of the spinules is approximately 7–8/25 μm². The grain size is 24.2–28.8 × 28.8–30.6 μm. (1977-VIII-7, Mt. Daisen, Tottori Prefecture)

(1058) Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.

Shown in folder-1058. The density of the spinules is approximately 3–4/25 μm². The grain size is 18.0–19.8 × 16.2–18.0 μm. (1976-VIII, Higashiyama, Nagoya City, Morita)

(1059) Ambrosia trifida L.

Shown in folder-1059. The density of the spinules is approximately 3–4/25 μm². The grain size is 19.8 × 16.2–19.8 μm. (1977-IX-5, Iwami-cho, Nara Prefecture)

Artemisia

The endoaperture is circular with a diameter of 1.5–1.8 μm. The exine is 2.0 μm thick, and the layer of columellae is well-developed. In the polar view, it is arranged in a crescent shape from the intercolpi to the furrows. The sculpture is covered with bacula and changes to scabrae at the periphery of the furrows. In addition, the spinules are scattered at a density of 10–13/25 μm².

(1060) Artemisia keiskeana Miq.

Shown in folder-1060. The grain size is 16.2–19.8 × 18.0–21.6 μm. (1978-IX-15, Ohzu City)

(1061) Artemisia capillaris Thunb.

Shown in folder-1061. The grain size is 16.2–18.0 μm. (1978-VIII-23, Ohzu City)

(1062) Artemisia indica Willd. var. maximowiczii (Nakai) H.Hara

Shown in folder-1062. The endoaperture has a diameter of 3.5–4.0 μm. The grain size is 21.6–23.4 × 18.0–21.6 μm. (1978-IX-15, Ohzu City)

(1063) Artemisia indica Willd.

Shown in folder-1063. The grain size is 18.0–19.8 × 16.2–19.8 μm. (1949-IX-16, Kochi City)

(1064) Artemisia carvifolia Buch.-Ham.

Shown in folder-1064. The grain size is 19.8–21.6 μm. (1978-VI-4, Ohzu City)

(1065) Artemisia lancea Vaniot

Shown in folder-1065. The grain size is 16.2–19.8 × 18.0–19.8 μm. (1934-VIII, Nametoko, Ehime Prefecture)

(1066) Artemisia japonica Thunb.

Shown in folder-1066. The grain size is 18.0–19.8 × 19.8–21.6 μm. (1960-VIII-10, Ohzu City)

Cichorioideae

Picris, Hypochaeris, Youngia, Crepidiastrum, Taraxacum, Sonchus, Nabalus, and Hololeion

Pollen grains are fenestrate. The spines fuse to form a ridge, which continuously forms a huge mesh, or lacuna. The size of each lacuna is 7.0–15.0 μm in diagonal length. The height of the ridge is 5.5 μm or more, and the spines are usually arranged in a row on the upper edge, but in the polar region, multiple spines gather to form an island.

(1067) Picris hieracioides L. subsp. japonica (Thunb.) Krylov

Shown in folder-1067. The grain size is 19.8–25.2 μm (excluding ridges). (1977-VIII-8, Mt. Hiruzen, Okayama Prefecture)

(1068) Hypochaeris crepidioides (Miyabe et Kudô) Tatew. et Kitam.

Shown in folder-1068. The grain size is 30.6–34.2 μm. The height of the ridge is 9.0 μm. (1960-VII, Mt. Apoi, Hokkaido)

(1069) Youngia japonica (L.) DC.

Shown in folder-1069. The grain size is 16.2–21.6 μm. (1977-V-20, Kochi City)

(1070) Crepidiastrum denticulatum (Houtt.) Pak et Kawano

Shown in folder-1070. The grain size is 19.8–23.4 μm. (1977-X-23, Kochi City)

(1071) Taraxacum albidum Dahlst.

Shown in folder-1071. There are many variations in the morphology of the ridges and lacunae. The grain size is 25.2–39.6 μm. (1977-VIII-10, Oike, Yokkaichi City, Mie Prefecture)

(1072) Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F.H.Wigg.

Shown in folder-1072. The grain size is 18.0–21.6 μm. (1978-VIII-10, Ohzu City)

(1073) Sonchus oleraceus L.

Shown in folder-1073. The grain size is 21.6–32.4 μm. (1977-VI-10, Kochi City)

(1074) Nabalus acerifolius Maxim.

Shown in folder-1074. The height of the ridge is 10.0–11.0 μm, and the height of the spines on the upper edge is 5.5–6.0 μm. The grain size is 28.8–34.2 μm. (1957-VIII, Ishidateyama, Kochi Prefecture)

(1075) Hololeion krameri (Franch. et Sav.) Kitam.

Shown in folder-1075. The height of the ridge is 6.0–7.0 μm, and the height of the upper edge of the spine is 2.5–3.0 μm. The grain size is 27.0–32.4 μm. (1977-IX-5, Odano-ike Oita Prefecture, Hatakenaka)

Adoxaceae

Adoxa

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is subprolate. The furrow is long and reaches the poles and sometimes merges, and the polar region is narrow. The margo is thickened. The endoaperture is distinct. The exine has ectexine = endexine, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is reticulate. The brochi become finer from the intercolpium toward the furrow, and change to psilate near the furrow.

(1076) Adoxa moschatellina L.

Shown in folder-1076. The grain size is 21.6–27.0 × 28.8–36.0 μm. (1979-V, Sahoyama, Miyagi Prefecture, Morita)

Sambucus and Viburnum

Pollen grains are tricorporate, sometimes stephanocolporate. The shape of the polar view is circular to semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long. The endoaperture is horizontally long and has a costa. The exine has ectexine ≥ endexine. The sculpture is reticulate.

(1077) Sambucus chinensis Lindl.

Shown in folder-1077. The grain size is 16.2–19.8 × 19.8–25.2 μm. (1977-VII-31, Chiba City, Tahara)

(1078) Sambucus racemosa L. subsp. sieboldiana (Miq.) H.Hara

Shown in folder-1078. The grain size is 14.4–18.0 × 18.0–19.8 μm. (1977-IV-15, Kochi City)

(1079) Viburnum odoratissimum Ker Gawl. var. awabuki (K.Koch) Zabel

Shown in folder-1079. The exine is 3.0 μm thick, and has columellae development. The grain size is 21.6–30.6 × 23.4–30.6 μm. (1977-VI-13, Kochi City)

(1080) Viburnum suspensum Lindl.

Shown in folder-1080. The pollen grains are stephanocolporate, and the number of furrows is 4–5. The grain size is 28.8–32.4 × 32.4–34.2 μm. (1956-Ⅲ-19, Amami Oshima Island Naze City)

(1081) Viburnum phlebotrichum Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-1081. The grain size is 18.0–19.8 × 19.8–23.4 μm. (1955-V-16, Kochi City)

(1082) Viburnum erosum Thunb.

Shown in folder-1082. The margo is thickened. The grain size is 18.0–21.6 × 21.6–25.2 μm. (1958-IV-12, Ikku, Kochi City)

(1083) Viburnum furcatum Blume ex Maxim.

Shown in folder-1083. The margo is thickened. The grain size is 19.8–23.4 × 23.4–28.8 μm. (1957-V-31, Mt. Higashi-Akaishi, Ehime Prefecture)

(1084) Viburnum dilatatum Thunb.

Shown in folder-1084. The margo is thickened. The exine is 3.0 μm thick. The grain size is 19.8–23.4 μm. (1977-V-10, Kochi City)

(1085) Viburnum opulus L. var. sargentii (Koehne) Takeda

Shown in folder-1085. The margo is thickened. The grain size is 23.4–25.2 μm. (1975-VI-12, Iwaya, Aomori Prefecture, M. Yamanaka)

Caprifoliaceae

Lonicera

Pollen grains are tricorporate or stephanocolporate. The shape of the polar view is semi-angular to subangular and that of the equatorial view is suboblate to oblate. The 3–5 furrows are short, with a length of 18.0 μm. The endoaperture is horizontally long and has a costa. The exine has ectexine ≥ endexine, and it is 2.0 μm thick. The sculpture is echinate, and the spinules are scattered.

(1086) Lonicera gracilipes Miq. var. glabra Miq.

Shown in folder-1086. The density of spinules is 8–10/100 μm². The grain size is 57.6–75.6 × 45.0–50.0 μm. (1978-Ⅲ-23, Higashiyama Botanical Garden, Nagoya City, Morita)

(1087) Lonicera gracilipes Miq. var. glandulosa Maxim.

Shown in folder-1087. The grain size is 50.4–64.8 × 41.4–49.2 μm. (1978-Ⅲ-28, Asakawa Experimental Forest, Tokyo, Morita)

(1088) Lonicera japonica Thunb.

Shown in folder-1088. The pollen grains are mostly triporate. The shape of the polar view shows a clear fastigium. The height of the spinules is 1.5 μm, and spinule density is 1–4/100 μm². The grain size is 63.0–73.8 × 50.4–54.0 μm. (1977-V-18, Kochi City)

Linnaea

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular to subangular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrows are short and 18.0–23.0 μm long. The exine has ectexine > endexine, and it is 3.5 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate, and the spinules, with a height of 1.0 μm or less, are scattered at a density of 10/25 μm².

(1089) Linnaea borealis L.

Shown in folder-1089. The grain size is 43.2–55.8 × 43.2–50.4 μm. (1960-VIII, Mt. Furanodake, Hokkaido)

Abelia

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular to subangular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to suboblate. The furrows are approximately 18.0 μm long and have an oblong shape that is long in the polar direction. The exine has ectexine > endexine, it is 3.0 μm thick, and shows columellae development. The surface is covered with bacula, in which the spinules are scattered at a density of 5–7 / 25 μm²

(1090) Abelia serrata Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-1090. The exine is 3.0 μm thick. The grain size is 54.0–66.6 × 55.8–59.4 μm. (1957-V-11, Omogo Gorge, Ehime Prefecture)

(1091) Abelia spathulata Siebold et Zucc. var. spathulata

Shown in folder-1091. The grain size is 48.6–66.6 × 46.8–59.4 μm. (1957-V-11, Omogo Gorge, Ehime Prefecture)

(1092) Abelia tetrasepala (Koidz.) H.Hara et S.Kuros.

Shown in folder-1092. The grain size is 50.4–70.2 × 50.4–68.4 μm. (1960-VI-5, Kochi City)

Zabelia

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is subangular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is 37.0 μm long. The endoaperture is horizontally long and extends horizontally, and the costa extends long, as it surrounds the equator. The exine is 1.8 μm thick. The sculpture is scabrate.

(1093) Zabelia integrifolia (Koidz.) Makino ex Ikuse et S.Kuros.

Shown in folder-1093. The grain size is 45.0–57.6 × 50.4–63.0 μm. (1956-V-25, Mt. Yokokurayama, Kochi Prefecture)

Weigela

Pollen grains are triporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The pores are circular and have a diameter of 5.0 μm. The exine is 1.5 μm thick. The sculpture is echinate, and the spines, with a height of 5.0–3.0 μm, are scattered at a density of 4–8/100 μm².

(1094) Weigela floribunda (Siebold et Zucc.) K.Koch

Shown in folder-1094. The grain size is 43.2–50.4 μm. (1959-V-31, Mt. Shiragayama, Kochi Prefecture)

(1095) Weigela coraeensis Thunb.

Shown in folder-1095. The height of the spines is 3.0–7.0 μm. The grain size is 43.2–48.6 μm. (1975-V, Kochi City)

(1096) Weigela hortensis Siebold et Zucc.) K.Koch

Shown in folder-1096. The height of the spines is 3.0–7.0 μm. The grain size is 36.0–50.4 μm. (1978-V-10. Ohzu City)

(1097) Weigela decora (Nakai) Nakai

Shown in folder-1097. The height of the spines is 3.0–7.0 μm. The grain size is 41.0–54.0 μm. (1961-VI-2, Ikegawa Town, Kochi Prefecture)

Patrinia and Valeriana

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to suboblate. The furrows are long and wide, and verrucae are distributed on the upper surface of the furrows. The exine has ectexine > endexine, it is 3.0 μm thick, and shows columellae development. The sculpture is densely covered with scabrae or bacula, and the spinules, with a height of 1.5–2.0 μm are scattered at a density of 5–7/100 μm².

(1098) Patrinia scabiosifolia Link

Shown in folder-1098. The grain size is 30.6–39.6 × 27.0–34.2 μm. (1977-VII-15. Kochi City)

(1099) Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss.

Shown in folder-1099. The spinule density is 5–6/100 μm². The grain size is 45.0–63.0 × 45.0–59.4 μm. (1977-VIII-8, Mt. Daisen, Tottori Prefecture)

(1100) Patrinia sibirica (L.) Juss.

Shown in folder-1100. The furrow opens wide and shows an oblong shape. The exine is 5.5 μm thick, and the spines with a height of 7.0 μm formed by the baculum aggregate are scattered at a density of 1-3 / 100 μm². The grains size is 36.0-54.0 × 36.0-50.4 μm. (1960-VIII, Mt. Rausu, Hokkaido)

(1101) Valeriana fauriei Briq.

Shown in folder-1101. The grain size is 45.0–52.2 × 45.0–54.0 μm. (1954-VII-21, Mt. Dhozan, Tokushima Prefecture)

(1102) Valeriana flaccidissima Maxim.

Shown in folder-1102. The grain size is 36.0–37.8 × 32.4–37.8 μm. (1956-V-8, Tomisato, Ehime Prefecture)

Scabiosa

Pollen grains are tricolpate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal. The furrows are short, being 32.0 μm in length. The exine has ectexine > endexine, it is 5.4 μm thick, and shows columellae development. In addition, the development of columellae is marked near both poles. The sculpture is densely covered with bacula, and the spinules are scattered.

(1103) Scabiosa japonica Miq. var. japonica

Shown in folder-1103. The grain size is 68.4–81.0 × 72.0–86.4 μm. (1977-IX-19, Wild Grass Garden, Sendai City, Morita)

(1104) Scabiosa japonica Miq. var. alpina (Takeda) Takeda

Shown in folder-1104. The grain size is 63.0–73.8 × 68.4–81.0 μm. (1957-VIII, Mt. Ishidateyama, Kochi Prefecture)

Pittosporaceae

Pittosporum

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is circular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The furrow is long, and the margo is slightly thickened in the sculpture. The endoaperture is distinct, and it is horizontally long. The periphery of the germination mouth protrudes slightly. The exine is tectate, and has ectexine > endexine. The sculpture is reticulate, and the brochi become finer from the intercolpium toward the furrow.

(1105) Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) W.T.Aiton

Shown in folder-1105. The grain size is 23.4–28.8 × 25.4–28.8 μm. (1977-VI-15, Kochi City)

Araliaceae

Aralia, Eleutherococcus, Chengiopanax, Dendropanax, Gamblea, Tetrapanax, Panax, Oplopanax, and Hedera

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is subangular to angular and that of the equatorial view is spheroidal to subprolate. The endoaperture is horizontally long. The exine has ectexine ≥ endexine, it is 2.0 μm thick, and the columellae are distinct. The sculpture is reticulate.

(1106) Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem.

Shown in folder-1106. The density of the lumina is 20/25 μm². The grain size is 19.8–27.0 × 23.4–28.8 μm. (1977-VII-30, Kochi City)

(1107) Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. f. subinermis (Ohwi) Sugim.

Shown in folder-1107. The grain size is 21.6–27.0 × 25.2–27.0 μm. (1975-VIII-15, Kochi City)

(1108) Aralia cordata Thunb.

Shown in folder-1108. The grain size is 24.3–27.0 × 31.5–34.2 μm. (1977-IX-21, Aobayama, Sendai City, Morita)

(1109) Eleutherococcus spinosus (L.f.) S.Y.Hu

Shown in folder-1109. The grain size is 25.2–30.6 × 28.8–36.0 μm. (1934-VIII, Naidaijin-yama, Kumamoto Prefecture)

(1110) Eleutherococcus divaricatus (Siebold et Zucc.) S.Y.Hu

Shown in folder-1110. The grain size is 28.8–36.0 × 34.2–36.0 μm. (1972-VIII-4, Kochi City)

(1111) Chengiopanax sciadophylloides (Franch. et Sav.) C.B.Shang et J.Y.Huang

Shown in folder-1111. The grain size is 25.2–28.8 × 27.0–29.6 μm. (1976-VIII, Higashiyama Botanical Garden, Nagoya City, Morita)

(1112) Dendropanax trifidus (Thunb.) Makino ex H.Hara

Shown in folder-1112. The grain size is 32.4–36.0 × 32.4–37.6 μm. The density of the lumina is 16/25 μm². (1954-VII-26, Katsurahama, Kochi City)

(1113) Gamblea innovans (Siebold et Zucc.) C.B.Shang, Lowry et Frodin

Shown in folder-1113. The grain size is 30.6–34.2 × 32.4–34.2 μm. (1977-V-15, Engyoji, Kochi City)

(1114) Tetrapanax papyrifer (Hook.) K.Koch

Shown in folder-1114. The density of the lumina is 10/25 μm². The grain size is 23.4–27.0 × 28.8–36.0 μm. (1977-X-5, Kochi City)

(1115) Panax japonicus (T.Nees) C.A.Mey.

Shown in folder-1115. The lumina are fine. The grain size is 25.2–32.4 × 27.0–34.2 μm. (1978-VI-14, Tohoku University Botanical Garden, Morita)

(1116) Oplopanax japonicus (Nakai) Nakai var. japonicus

Shown in folder-1116. The lumina are fine. The grain size is 30.6–34.2 × 28.8–34.2 μm. (1968-VI, Mt. Hakkoda, Hibino)

(1117) Hedera rhombea (Miq.) Bean

Shown in folder-1117. The density of the lumina is 3–5/25 μm². The grain size is 32.4–34.2 × 28.8–34.2 μm. (1977-II-2, Kochi City)

Hydrocotyle

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is subangular to semi-lobate and that of the equatorial view is prolate, which is close to rhombic. The margo is thickened. The endoaperture is horizontally long and has a costa. The exine has ectexine ≥ endexine, and the columellae are slightly more developed in the intercolpium and the polar regions than in the surroundings. The sculpture is scabrate.

(1118) Hydrocotyle maritima Honda

Shown in folder-1118. The grain size is 18.0–25.2 × 30.6–34.2 μm. (1977-VI-14, Kochi City)

Umbelliferae

Angelica, Chamaele, Sium, Cicuta, Oenanthe, Foeniculum, Glehnia, Peucedanum, Torilis, Cryptotaenia, and Sanicula

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is semi-angular to subangular and that of the equatorial view is prolate to perprolate. The furrow is linearly elongated. The endoaperture is circular or horizontally long, has a costa, and does not protrude. The exine has ectexine = endexine, and the columellae are slightly more developed in the intercolpium and the polar regions than in the surroundings. The sculpture is scabrate.

(1119) Angelica ubatakensis (Makino) Kitag.

Shown in folder-1119. The view of the equator is an oval with a slightly constricted central part. The grain size is 12.6–16.2 × 31.5–36.0 μm. (1936-VIII-22, Nametoko, Ehime Prefecture)

(1120) Angelica saxicola Makino ex Y.Yabe

Shown in folder-1120. The grain size is 12.6–14.4 × 30.6–34.2 μm. (1955-VIII, Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture)

(1121) Angelica saxicola Makino ex Y.Yabe

Shown in folder-1121. The grain size is 11.8–14.4 × 28.8–29.7 μm. (1957-VIII, Mt. Ishidate, Kochi Prefecture)

(1122) Angelica pubescens Maxim.

Shown in folder-1122. The grain size is 12.6–14.4 × 27.0–30.6 μm. (1976-IX-5, Kochi City)

(1123) Angelica polymorpha Maxim.

Shown in folder-1123. The grain size is 11.7–14.4 × 27.0–30.6 μm. (1977-IX-19, Sendai City Wild Plants Garden, Sendai City, Morita)

(1124) Angelica decursiva (Miq.) Franch. et Sav.

Shown in folder-1124. The grain size is 12.6–14.4 × 27.0–30.6 μm. (1955-VIII-25, Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture)

(1125) Angelica cartilaginomarginata (Makino ex Y.Yabe) Nakai var. cartilaginomarginata

Shown in folder-1125. The grain size is 10.8–14.4 × 27.0–29.7 μm. (1977-IX-10, Kochi City)

(1126) Chamaele decumbens (Thunb.) Makino

Shown in folder-1126. The grain size is 14.4–18.0 × 27.0–30.6 μm. (1958-Ⅲ-8, Tosa City, Kochi Prefecture)

(1127) Chamaele decumbens (Thunb.) Makino f. japonica (Y.Yabe) Ohwi

Shown in folder-1127. The grain size is 12.6–14.4 × 21.6–27.0 μm. (1975-V, Yanase, Kochi Prefecture)

(1128) Sium ninsi L.

Shown in folder-1128. The grain size is 18.0–19.8 × 27.0–32.4 μm. (1977-IX-5, Oita Town, Oita Prefecture, Hatanaka)

(1129) Cicuta virosa L.

Shown in folder-1129. The grain size is 12.6–14.4 × 25.2–28.8 μm. (1965-VII-20, Fukagawa, Hokkaido)

(1130) Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC.

Shown in folder-1130. The grain size is 14.4–18.0 × 28.8–34.2 μm. (1977-VI-27, Kochi City)

(1131) Foeniculum vulgare Mill.

Shown in folder-1131. The grain size is 10.8–12.6 × 23.4–30.6 μm. (1937-VIII, Matsudo City, Chiba Prefecture, cultivated)

(1132) Glehnia littoralis F.Schmidt ex Miq.

Shown in folder-1132. The grain size is 12.6–14.4 × 30.6–34.2 μm. (1978-VI-24, Oshika Peninsula, Miyagi Prefecture, Morita)

(1133) Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. var. japonicum

Shown in folder-1133. The grain size is 10.8–12.6 × 23.4-–27.0 μm. (1964-Ⅺ-12, Kashiwajima, Kochi Prefecture)

(1134) Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC.

Shown in folder-1134. The view of the equator is an oval with a slightly constricted central part. The grain size is 10.8–11.7 × 22.5–25.2 μm. (1977-VI-13, Kochi City)

(1135) Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. subsp. japonica (Hassk.) Hand.-Mazz.

Shown in folder-1135. The grain size is 14.4–16.2 × 19.8–23.4 μm. (1977-VI-26, Kochi City)

(1136) Sanicula chinensis Bunge

Shown in folder-1136. The grain size is 14.4–16.2 × 19.8–25.2 μm. (1977-VIII-7, Kanbano-Taki, Okayama Prefecture)

(1137) Sanicula tuberculata Maxim.

Shown in folder-1137. The grain size is 21.6–32.4 × 36.0–52.2 μm. (1963-V, Torigatayama, Kochi Prefecture, T. Yamanaka)

Ligusticum, Tilingia, Daucus, and Bupleurum

Pollen grains are tricorporate, and the shape of the polar view is subangular to angular and that of the equatorial view is prolate to perprolate. The furrow is linearly elongated. The endoaperture is circular or horizontally long, has a costa, and protrudes slightly. The exine has ectexine = endexine, and the columellae are slightly more developed in the intercolpium and the polar regions than in the surroundings. The sculpture is scabrate.

(1138) Ligusticum scothicum L. subsp. hultenii (Fernald) Hultén

Shown in folder-1138. The grain size is 14.4–16.2 × 28.8–30.6 μm. (1978-VI-20, Oshika Peninsula, Miyagi Prefecture, Morita)

(1139) Tilingia ajanensis Regel

Shown in folder-1139. The grain size is 10.8–16.2 × 21.6–36.1 μm. (1978-VIII-21, Mt. Goyo, Iwate Prefecture, Morita)

(1140) Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.

Shown in folder-1140. The grain size is 12.6–14.4 × 27.0–34.2 μm. (1979-VI-8, Ohzu City)

(1141) Bupleurum stenophyllum (Nakai) Kitag.

Shown in folder-1141. The grain size is 18.0–21.6 × 18.0–27.0 μm. (1975-VI-15, Kochi City)

<supplement>

Ephedraceae

Ephedra

Pollen grains are polyplicate, and the shape of the equatorial view is suboblate to oblate. With 6 or more large, raised ridges extending long in the equatorial axis, and arranged in radial symmetry in polar view.

(1142) Ephedra sinica Stapf

Shown in folder-1142. The grain size is 30.4-44.3×46.2-83.1μm. (1984-VII-15, Tohoku University Botanical Garden, cultivated, Morita)

Lauraceae

Usually, the pollen of this family, Lauraceae, is completely destroyed by acetolysis.

Lindera and Neolitsea

Pollen grains are inaperturate, and the shape is spherical. The sculpture is psilate and spinules with a height of approximately 1.0 μm are evenly distributed.

(1143)Lindera triloba (Siebold et Zucc.) Blume

Shown in folder-1143. The grain size is 30.6-46.3μm <KOH treatment>. (1977-IV, Kochi City, Morita)

(1144)Neolitsea sericea (Blume) Koidz.

Shown in folder-1144. The grain size is 31.5-46.0μm <KOH treatment>. (2007-X, Okayama City, Morita)

Ulmaceae

Hemiptelea

Pollen grains are stephanoporate. The shape of the polar view is polygonal, the ridges are clear, and the shape of the equatorial view is oblate. The pores are 4–5 in number, oblong in the direction of the polar axis, and arranged on the equatorial plane. The ectexine around the pores is thickened to form annuli, and the pores protrude slightly. The thickness of the exine is different in the dorsal and ventral regions, as occurs in Zelkova pollen. The sculpture is a coarse verrucate.

(1145)Hemiptelea davidii (Hance) Planch.

Shown in folder-1145. The grain size is 35.6-57.7×21.4-38.4μm. (2010-V, Korea, Choi)

Sapindaceae

Acer

(1146)Acer carpinifolium Siebold et Zucc.

Shown in folder-1146. Unlike other Acer species, the pollen grains are tricolpate. The sculpture is composite type from striate to rugulate. The grain size is 25.8-32.1×26.7-34.7μm. (1979-V-4, Tohoku University Botanical Garden, Morita)