>
1)Vesiculate
>
A-1.Grains with fold-like undeveloped bladder that surrounds corpus in a ring. Bladder surface covered with the verruca of spinules
*
Tsuga sieboldii(11)
*
Tsuga diversifolia(12)
>
A-2.With 2 bladders.
>
B-1.On proximal side, base of bladder and corpus join gently. Surface pattern of corpus and reticulum of bladder transition gently at this join.
>
C-1.On distal pole side, granules are scattered on inner surface of leptoma.
*
Picea polita(18)
*
Picea glehnii(19)
*
Picea jezoensis var. hondoensis(20)
*
Picea koyamae(21)
*
Picea jezoensis var. jesoensis(22)
*
Picea glehnii(23)
>
C-2.On distal side, granules are absent on inner surface of leptoma.
*
Cedrus deodara(10)
>
B-2.On proximal side, a distinct constriction at junction between corpus and base of bladder occurs. At this junction, surface pattern of corpus and mesh of bladder are clearly different.
>
D-1.Bladder smaller than corpus.
>
E-1.Size of corpus 65.0 μm or larger.
>
F-1.On distal pole side, granules absent from inner surface of leptoma.
*
Abies firma(13)
*
Abies veitchii var. reflexa(14)
*
Abies veitchii(15)
*
Abies homolepis(16)
*
Abies mariesii(17)
>
E-2.Size of corpus 50.0 μm or less.
>
G-1.On distal pole side, granules absent from inner surface of leptoma.
*
Pinus densiflora(3)
*
Pinus thunbergii(4)
*
Pinus luchuensis(5)
>
G-2.On distal pole side, granules scattered on inner surface of leptoma.
*
Pinus pumila(6)
*
Pinus parviflora var. parviflora(7)
*
Pinus koraiensis(8)
*
Pinus amamiana(9)
>
D-2.Size of bladder approximately the same as, or larger than, size of corpus.
*
Nageia nagi(27)
*
Podocarpus macrophyllus f. macrophyllus (28)
>
2)Polyplicate
>
A-1.With 6 or more large, raised ridges extending long in the equatorial axis, and arranged in radial symmetry in polar view.
*
Ephedra sinica(1142)
>
3)Inaperturate
>
A-1.With a papilla.
>
B-1.On distal pole side, boundary of leptoma is clear.
*
Cryptomeria japonica(39)
>
B-2.On distal pole side, boundary of leptoma is unclear.
*
Sequoia sempervirens(40)
*
Metasequoia glyptostroboides(41)
*
Glyptostrobus pensilis(42)
*
Taxodium distichum(43)
>
A-2.Papilla absent.
>
C-1.Grain size large.
>
D-1.Exine with layered structure, sculpture baculate, and cross section of baculum is rounded triangular to polygonal.
*
Vernicia cordata(547)
>
D-2.Exine without layered structure.
>
E-1.Sculpture scabrate.
*
Araucaria cunninghamii(26)
>
E-2.Sculpture psilate.
>
F-1.向心極側に環状の肥厚がある.
*
Larix kaempferi(24)
>
F-2.On proximal pole side, indistinct ring-shaped thin thickening and Y-shaped thickening often observed inside.
*
Pseudotsuga japonica(25)
>
C-2.Grain size medium or smaller.
>
G-1.Exine with layered structure.
>
H-1.Sculpture echinate.
>
I-1.Sculpture psilate.
>
J-1.Spinules approximately 1.0 μm high, and evenly distributed.
*
Lindera triloba(1143)
*
Neolitsea sericea(1144)
>
J-2.Spinules approximately 0.5 μm high, and evenly distributed.
>
K-1.Grain size less than 15.0 μm.
*
Arisaema thunbergii subsp. urashima(79)
*
Arisaema sikokianum(80)
*
Arisaema iyoanum subsp. iyoanum(81)
>
K-2.Grain size 17.5 μm or more.
*
Smilax riparia(108)
*
Smilax china(109)
*
Smilax sieboldii(110)
>
I-2.Sculpture scabrate.
*
Diphylleia grayi(263)
>
I-3.Sculpture granulate.
>
L-1.Spines evenly distributed.
*
Ottelia alismoides(88)
>
L-2.Spinules evenly distributed.
*
Hydrocharis dubia(89)
>
H-1.Sculpture is not echinate.
>
M-1.Sculpture psilate, and surface surrounded by 6–8 linear marks.
*
Pinellia ternata(82)
>
M-2.Sculpture scabrate, with relatively uniform protrusions.
*
Populus tremula var. sieboldii(564)
*
Populus suaveolens(565)
>
M-3.Sculpture reticulate.
>
N-1.Exine thin, and muri low in height.
*
Triglochin asiatica(91)
*
Potamogeton crispus(92)
*
Potamogeton gramineus(93)
*
Potamogeton distinctus(94)
*
Potamogeton cristatus(95)
*
Potamogeton wrightii(96)
>
N-2.Exine 1.5–2.0 μm thick.
*
Sarcandra glabra(60)
>
G-2.Exine without layered structure.
>
O-1.Shape spherical, sculpture psilate or scabrate, granules scattered irregularly, and leptoma identified as a circle, depending on the direction of observation → See also monoporate.
*
Juniperus rigida(30)
*
Juniperus conferta(31)
*
Juniperus chinensis L. var. chinensis(32)
*
Thujopsis dolabrata var. dolabrata(33)
*
Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondae (34)
*
Platycladus orientalis(35)
*
Thuja occidentalis(36)
*
Thuja occidentalis(37)
*
Chamaecyparis pisifera(38)
>
O-2.Shape angular spheres and leptoma often identified, depending on the observation direction → See also monocolpate.
*
Torreya nucifera(45)
*
Taxus cuspidata(46)
*
Taxus cuspidata var. nana(47)
*
Cephalotaxus harringtonia var. harringtonia(48)
*
Cephalotaxus harringtonia subsp. hokkaidoensis(49)
>
4)Monocolpate
>
A-1.Shape spherical or irregularly spherical.
>
B-1.Shape spherical, sculpture verrucate, and leptoma spreads irregularly and has a clear boundary → See also monoporate.
*
Sciadopitys verticillata(29)
>
B-2.Shape spherical with a square.
>
C-1.Sculpture scabrate, granules irregularly scattered, and leptoma boundary unclear → See also inaperturate.
*
Torreya nucifera(45)
*
Taxus cuspidata(46)
*
Taxus cuspidata var. nana(47)
*
Cephalotaxus harringtonia var. harringtonia(48)
*
Cephalotaxus harringtonia subsp. hokkaidoensis(49)
>
C-2.Sculpture psilate.
*
Acorus gramineus(77)
*
Acorus calamus(78)
>
B-3.Shape irregularly spherical, and sculpture psilate.
*
Saururus chinensis(63)
*
Houttuynia cordata(64)
*
Piper kadsura(65)
>
A-2.Shape oblate.
>
D-1.Exine without layered structure.
>
E-1.Sculpture psilate.
*
Ginkgo biloba(2)
*
Magnolia obovata(76)
>
E-2.Sculpture rugulate.
*
Magnolia compressa(73)
*
Magnolia stellata(74)
*
Magnolia sieboldii subsp. japonica(75)
>
E-3.Sculpture verrucate to gemmate.
*
Liriodendron tulipifera(72)
>
E-4.Sculpture reticulate.
*
Cycas revoluta(1)
>
D-2.Exine with layered structure.
>
F-1.Huge furrow surrounds grain for more than half the circumference.
>
G-1.Sculpture echinate.
>
H-1.Spines 5.0 μm or more in length, and scattered.
*
Nuphar japonica(52)
*
Nuphar pumila var. pumila(53)
*
Nuphar pumila var. ozeensis(54)
>
H-2.Spinules 1.0 μm in length, and densely distributed.
*
Euryale ferox(55)
>
G-2.Sculpture gemmate or verrucate, and often mixed with bacula and clavae.
*
Nymphaea tetragona(56)
>
F-2.Furrow not arranged so as to surround grain.
>
I-1.Sculpture psilate.
*
Brasenia schreberi(50)
>
I-2.Sculpture scabrate.
*
Pollia japonica(166)
*
Monochoria korsakowii(167)
*
Monochoria vaginalis(168)
*
Eichhornia crassipes (169)
>
I-3.Sculpture rugulate.
*
Disporum sessile var. sessile(106)
*
Disporum smilacinum(107)
*
Amana edulis(125)
*
Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum(155)
*
Ophiopogon jaburan(158)
*
Ophiopogon japonicus(159)
>
I-4.Sculpture striped, and striped pattern flows in long axis direction of grain.
*
Cabomba caroliniana(51)
>
I-5.Sculpture verrucate to gemmate.
*
Crocosmia crocosmiiflora(132)
*
Hosta sieboldii var. intermedia (150)
*
Hosta kikutii var. tosana(151)
*
Hosta undulata(152)
*
Hosta sieboldiana var. sieboldiana(153)
*
Liriope muscari(157)
>
I-6.Sculpture echinate.
*
Heloniopsis breviscapa var. flavida (105)
*
Commelina communis(164)
*
Murdannia keisak(165)
>
I-7.Sculpture areolate.
>
J-1.Grain size medium or larger.
*
Lloydia serotina(111)
*
Tricyrtis macrantha(121)
*
Tricyrtis nana(122)
*
Tricyrtis latifolia(123)
*
Comospermum yedoense(154)
*
Barnardia japonica(156)
*
Maianthemum japonicum(160)
*
Maianthemum viridiflorum(161)
>
J-2.Grain size small.
*
Aletris spicata(97)
*
Trachycarpus fortunei(162)
*
Livistona chinensis var. subglobosa (163)
>
I-8.Sculpture reticulate.
>
K-1.On proximal pole side, lumen width is wide and lumina vary in size.
>
L-1.Cross section of columellae, which constitute muri of brochi, is circular to elliptical, and lumina have scattered granules.
*
Hemerocallis citrina var. vespertina(134)
*
Hemerocallis major(135)
*
Hemerocallis middendorffii var. middendorffii(136)
*
Hemerocallis middendorffii var. esculenta(137)
*
Hemerocallis var. littorea(138)
*
Hemerocallis var. kwanso(139)
*
Hemerocallis fulva var. disticha(140)
>
L-2.Cross section of columellae, which constitute muri of brochi, is circular, and lumina are without granules.
*
Iris tectorum(128)
>
L-3.Cross section of columellae, which constitute muri of brochi, is a mixture of triangles and quadrangles, and lumina are without granules.
*
Lilium longiflorum(112)
*
Lilium auratum(113)
*
Lilium lancifolium(114)
*
Lilium japonicum(115)
*
Lilium hansonii(116)
*
Lilium speciosum(117)
*
Lilium concolor(118)
*
Lilium medeoloides(119)
*
Cardiocrinum cordatum(120)
>
K-2.On proximal pole side, lumina are fine and almost uniform.
>
M-1.On proximal pole side, lumina become smaller.
>
N-1.Grain size large.
*
Iris pseudacorus(129)
*
Lycoris radiata(142)
*
Lycoris sanguinea var. sanguinea(143)
*
Lycoris squamigera(144)
>
N-2.Grain size medium or smaller.
*
Narthecium asiaticum(98)
*
Croomia heterosepala(99)
*
Sisyrinchium rosulatum(133)
>
M-2.Size of lumen almost the same, even on distal pole side.
>
O-1.Grain size large.
*
Iris ensata var. spontanea(126)
*
Iris ensata var. ensata(127)
*
Iris sanguinea(130)
*
Iris japonica(131)
*
Zephyranthes carinata(145)
>
O-2.Grain size medium or smaller.
*
Veratrum maackii var. reymondianum(100)
*
Veratrum oxysepalum var. oxysepalum(101)
*
Veratrum stamineum(102)
>
A-3.Shape resembles citrus segment.
>
P-1.Sculpture rugulate.
*
Allium victorialis subsp. platyphyllum(146)
*
Allium thunbergii(147)
*
Allium tuberosum(148)
>
P-2.Sculpture areolate.
*
Asparagus cochinchinensis var. lucidus (149)
>
P-3.Sculpture reticulate.
>
Q-1.Grain size large.
*
Erythronium japonicum(124)
>
Q-2.Grain size medium.
*
Lysichiton camtschatcensis(83)
>
5)Trichotomocolpate
*
N/A not applicable.
>
6)Monoporate
>
A-1.With clear annulus.
>
B-1.In a phase contrast image, sculpture consists of independent verrucae.
>
C-1.Grain size 50.0 μm or more.
*
Coix lacryma-jobi(240)
*
Zea mays(241)
>
C-2.Grain size 50.0 μm or less.
*
Avena sativa(207)
*
Hordeum vulgare (cv. sakigake)(211)
*
Leersia sayanuka(214)
*
Leersia japonica(215)
>
B-2.In a phase contrast image, sculpture is areolate consisting of areolae.
*
Chimonobambusa marmorea(198)
*
Phyllostachys edulis(199)
*
Pleioblastus simonii(200)
*
Pleioblastus argenteostriatus f. glaber(201)
*
Sasa nipponica(202)
*
Panicum miliaceum(230)
*
Sasa kurilensis(203)
*
Sasa borealis(204)
*
Beckmannia syzigachne(205)
*
Deyeuxia matsumurae(206)
*
Trisetum bifidum(208)
*
Phalaris arundinacea(209)
*
Elymus tsukushiensis var. transiens(210)
*
Triticum aestivum (cv. norin 20)(212)
*
Poa acroleuca(213)
*
Zizania latifolia(216)
*
Phragmites australis(219)
*
Phragmites japonicus(220)
*
Moliniopsis japonica(221)
*
Eleusine indica(222)
*
Dinebra chinensis(223)
*
Zoysia japonica(224)
*
Arundinella hirta(225)
*
Pennisetum alopecuroides(226)
*
Setaria pumila(227)
*
Setaria × pycnocoma (228)
*
Setaria italica(229)
*
Digitaria ciliaris(231)
*
Paspalum thunbergii (232)
*
Paspalum distichum var. distichum(233)
*
Echinochloa crus-galli var. aristata(234)
*
Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii(235)
*
Miscanthus sinensis (236)
*
Sorghum bicolor(237)
*
Sorghum propinquum(238)
*
Hemarthria sibirica(239)
>
B-3.In a phase contrast image, sculpture is a composite type of independent verrucae and areola.
*
Elymus tsukushiensis var. transiens(210)
*
Leersia japonica(215)
*
Zizania latifolia(216)
*
Oryza sativa subsp. japonica (cv. honen wase)(217)
*
Oryza sativa subsp. indica (cv. SM142)(218)
>
A-2.Annulus absent.
>
D-1.Sculpture verrucate → See also monocolpate.
*
Sciadopitys verticillata(29)
>
D-2.Sculpture psilate or scabrate, and granules irregularly scattered.
>
E-1.Pore-like structure located in center of leptoma, and leptoma boundary clear on distal pole side.
*
Cunninghamia lanceolata(44)
>
E-2.On distal pole side, leptoma almost absent, and Pore-like structure in leptoma easily overlooked, depending on observation direction. → See also inaperturate.
*
Juniperus rigida(30)
*
Juniperus conferta(31)
*
Juniperus chinensis L. var. chinensis(32)
*
Thujopsis dolabrata var. dolabrata(33)
*
Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondae (34)
*
Platycladus orientalis(35)
*
Thuja occidentalis(36)
*
Chamaecyparis obtusa(37)
*
Chamaecyparis pisifera(38)
>
D-3.Sculpture reticulate.
*
Typha orientalis(171)
*
Typha domingensis(172)
*
Sparganium erectum(173)
*
Sparganium glomeratum(174)
>
7)Dicolpate
>
A-1.Longer axis is 50.0 μm or more, furrow extends long in longitudinal direction, margo underdeveloped, and spinules scattered on surface.
*
Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum(141)
>
8)Tricolpate
>
A-1.Three bladder-like folds formed by separation of exine layers extend in both polar directions, and merge at the poles, and furrow located on the folds.
*
Trapa japonica(612)
>
A-2.Bladder-like folds absent.
>
B-1.Spinules or spines distributed on sculpture.
>
C-1.Spines of approximately 7.0 μm high are scattered.
*
Patrinia sibirica(1100)
>
C-2.C-2. Spinules scattered on sculpture, and columella developed.
>
D-1.Furrow elongated, and columellae develop, especially near both poles.
*
Scabiosa japonica var. japonica(1103)
*
Scabiosa japonica var. alpina(1104)
>
D-2.Furrow oblong and long in polar direction.
*
Abelia serrata(1090)
*
Abelia spathulata var. spathulata(1091)
*
Abelia tetrasepala(1092)
>
C-3.Spinules scattered on sculpture.
>
E-1.Sculpture densely covered with scabrae.
>
F-1.Exine is thick at 3.0 μm or more.
>
G-1.Furrow extends long in polar direction, and spinule size is 1.5–2.0 μm.
*
Patrinia scabiosifolia(1098)
*
Patrinia villosa(1099)
*
Valeriana fauriei(1101)
*
Valeriana flaccidissima(1102)
>
G-2.Length of furrow short, polar area wide, and spinule size 1.0 μm or less.
*
Linnaea borealis(1089)
>
F-2.Exine less than 2.5 μm thick.
*
Trautvetteria caroliniensis var. japonica (285)
*
Lampranthus spectabilis(737)
>
E-2.Sculpture densely covered with granules.
*
Clerodendrum trichotomum(937)
*
Clerodendrum trichotomum var. esculentum (938)
*
Volkameria inermis(947)
>
B-2.Spinules or spines absent on sculpture.
>
H-1.Sculpture psilate.
>
I-1.Furrow narrow, and margo slightly thickened.
*
Vandellia micrantha(934)
>
I-2.Outline of furrow indistinct.
*
Aeginetia indica(977)
>
H-2.Sculpture scabrate.
>
J-1.Surface of furrow almost smooth.
*
Pteridophyllum racemosum(251)
*
Trollius shinanensis(295)
*
Tetragonia tetragonoides(736)
*
Phytolacca americana(739)
>
J-2.Scabrae distributed on surface of furrow.
*
Clematis terniflora(264)
*
Clematis japonica(266)
*
Clematis alpina subsp. ochotensis(267)
*
Clematis lasiandra(268)
*
Clematis tosaensis(269)
*
Clematis apiifolia var. apiifolia(270)
*
Aquilegia flabellata var. flabellata(286)
*
Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila(287)
*
Semiaquilegia adoxoides(288)
*
Caltha palustris var. nipponica(296)
*
Glaucidium palmatum(297)
>
J-3.Granules scattered on surface of furrow.
>
K-1.Outline of furrow distinct.
*
Aconitum japonicum subsp. subcuneatum (289)
*
Aconitum japonicum subsp. japonicum(290)
*
Aconitum loczyanum(291)
>
K-2.Outline of furrow indistinct.
*
Veronica polita var. lilacina(926)
*
Veronica onoei(927)
*
Euphrasia multifolia(971)
*
Euphrasia insignis subsp. iinumae(972)
*
Euphrasia maximowiczii(973)
*
Centranthera cochinchinensis var. lutea(974)
>
H-3.Sculpture granulate.
*
Premna microphylla(939)
*
Leonurus japonicus(940)
*
Lamium album var. barbatum(941)
>
H-4.Sculpture verrucate.
>
L-1.Furrow long and distinct, and sculpture appearance often changes to finely reticulate when focus is adjusted when viewed under a microscope.
*
Callicarpa dichotoma(943)
*
Callicarpa kochiana(944)
*
Callicarpa japonica(945)
*
Callicarpa mollis(946)
>
L-2.Furrow indistinct.
*
Scopolia japonica(911)
>
H-5.Sculpture baculate.
>
M-1.Exine tectate.
>
N-1.Furrow long.
>
O-1.Furrow narrow, columellae densely and evenly distributed.
*
Saxifraga stolonifera(328)
*
Saxifraga cortusifolia(329)
*
Saxifraga fortunei var. alpina(330)
*
Paederia foetida(864)
>
O-2.Furrow slightly wide.
>
P-1.Margo thickened.
*
Adonis ramosa(279)
*
Cimicifuga japonica var. macrophylla (293)
*
Cimicifuga simplex(294)
>
P-2.Margo never thickened.
>
Q-1.Scabrae distributed on upper surface of furrow.
*
Chelidonium majus subsp. asiaticum(243)
>
Q-2.Scabrae distributed on upper surface of furrow.
*
Anemonopsis macrophylla(292)
>
N-2.Furrow short.
*
Clematis pierotii(265)
*
Anemone narcissiflora subsp. nipponica(273)
*
Anemone sikokiana(274)
*
Anemone nikoensis(275)
>
M-2.Exine is not tectate.
>
R-1.Outline of furrow distinct.
>
S-1.Furrow long.
>
T-1.Furrow wide, and verrucae distributed on upper surface of furrow.
*
Serissa japonica(867)
>
T-2.Furrow narrow and sculpture appearance changes to rugulate when focus is adjusted when viewed under a microscope.
*
Nelumbo nucifera(300)
>
S-2.Furrow short.
*
Cuscuta chinensis(893)
>
R-2.Outline of furrow indistinct.
*
Dichondra micrantha(890)
>
H-6.Sculpture reticulate.
>
U-1.Mesh is coarse.
>
V-1.Muri consist of bacula, and gemmae or granules scattered in lumina.
*
Persicaria chinensis(703)
*
Persicaria nepalensis(704)
>
V-2.Muri consist of bacula, and lumina smooth or scattered with scabrae.
>
W-1.Tip of baculum with fine spinule.
*
Limonium wrightii var. arbusculum(684)
>
W-2.Tip of baculum without fine spinule.
*
Limonium tetragonum(685)
>
U-2. Mesh is not coarse.
>
X-1.Shape isopolar, and furrow length 1/2.5 or less of grain.
>
Y-1.Exine intectate, and clavae densely arranged on sculpture.
*
Geranium shikokianum var. kaimontanum(600)
*
Geranium krameri(601)
*
Geranium thunbergii f. pallidum(602)
*
Geranium thunbergii(603)
>
Y-2.Sculpture tectate.
*
Hydrangea bifida(762)
>
X-2.Shape isopolar and furrow length more than half that of grain.
>
Z1.Furrow elongated, reaches near poles, and mesh becomes finer in intercolpium.
*
Illicium anisatum(59)
>
Z-2.Furrow does not reach near poles.
>
AA-1.Sculpture supra-reticulate.
*
Chelonopsis longipes(953)
*
Chelonopsis moschata(954)
>
AA-2.Sculpture per-reticulate.
>
BB-1.Verrucae distributed on upper surface of furrow.
*
Oxalis corniculata(541)
*
Oxalis griffithii(542)
>
BB-2.Granules distributed on upper surface of furrow.
>
CC-1.Furrow spreads widely in an elliptical shape, polar area wide, granules densely distributed on upper surface of furrow, and polar view subangular to semi-lobate.
*
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(318)
>
CC-2.Furrow short, polar area wide, granules scattered on upper surface of furrow, and polar view circular.
*
Platanus occidentalis(301)
>
BB-3.Scabrae distributed on upper surface of furrow.
>
DD-1.In polar view, columellae of intercolpi are arranged in a crescent shape.
*
Raphanus sativus var. hortensis(673)
*
Capsella bursa-pastoris (674)
*
Draba sakuraii var. nipponica(675)
*
Arabis serrata var. shikokiana(676)
*
Cardamine leucantha(677)
*
Cardamine lyrata(678)
*
Cardamine scutata(679)
>
DD-2.In polar view, columellae of intercolpi not arranged in a crescent shape.
>
EE-1.Furrow long, and margo thickened.
*
Hamamelis japonica(312)
*
Disanthus cercidifolius(313)
*
Corylopsis spicata(314)
*
Corylopsis pauciflora(315)
*
Corylopsis gotoana(316)
*
Distylium racemosum(317)
>
EE-2.Margo not thickened.
>
FF-1.Both ends of furrow round.
>
GG-1.Mesh appearance changes to rugulate when focus is adjusted when viewed under a microscope.
*
Dicentra peregrina(246)
>
GG-2.Mesh appearance does not change to rugulate when focus is adjusted when viewed under a microscope.
*
Hylomecon japonica(244)
>
FF-2.Both ends of furrow sharp.
>
HH-1.Mesh becomes finer near both poles and furrows.
*
Caulophyllum robustum(260)
>
HH-2.Mesh uniform over entire surface.
*
Nandina domestica(261)
*
Epimedium grandiflorum var. thunbergianum (262)
>
BB-4.Verrucae to scabrae never distributed on upper surface of furrow.
>
II-1.Exine becomes thin near furrow, and lumina are coarse in intercolpium and fine in vicinity of furrow.
>
JJ-1.Scabrae distributed near furrow.
*
Salix arbutifolia(566)
*
Salix cardiophylla var. urbaniana (567)
*
Salix triandra subsp. nipponica(568)
*
Salix hiraoana nothosubsp. tsugaluensis(569)
*
Salix sieboldiana(570)
*
Salix japonica(571)
*
Salix koriyanagi(572)
*
Salix miyabeana subsp. gymnolepis(573)
*
Salix integra(574)
*
Salix babylonica(575)
*
Salix babylonica var. matsudana(576)
*
Salix caprea(577)
*
Salix chaenomeloides(578)
*
Salix gracilistyla(579)
*
Salix vulpina subsp. vulpina(580)
*
Salix schwerinii(581)
*
Salix udensis(582)
*
Salix dolichostyla subsp. serissifolia(583)
*
Salix reinii(584)
*
Salix nakamurana subsp. nakamurana(585)
>
JJ-2.Scabrae distributed near furrow.
*
Tamarix chinensis(683)
>
II-2.Margo never thickened or thin.
>
KK-1.Brochi coarse in intercolpium and fine in vicinity of furrow.
*
Ajuga japonica(948)
*
Ajuga decumbens(949)
*
Ajuga nipponensis(950)
*
Pogostemon stellatus(952)
*
Comanthosphace japonica(951)
>
KK-2.Mesh almost uniform, and appearance changes to a rugulate when focus is adjusted when viewed under a microscope.
*
Vitex rotundifolia(942)
*
Scutellaria indica var. indica(967)
>
X-3.Shape heteropolar and tetrahedral with rounded edges.
*
Thesium chinense(680)
>
H-7.Sculpture composite type from striate to rugulate.
*
Acer carpinifolium(1146)
>
9)Stephanocolpate
>
A-1.Shape subspheroidal.
>
B-1.Sculpture gemmate, gemmae located in intercolpium and arranged in polar direction, and furrows number approximately 15.
*
Leptodermis pulchella(869)
>
B-2.Sculpture verrucate, furrow long, and approximately 12 in number.
*
Sesamum indicum(935)
>
B-3.Sculpture scabrate.
>
C-1.Sculpture covered only with scabrae.
>
D-1.Furrow long, and narrow.
*
Rubia argyi(860)
*
Galium kinuta(861)
*
Galium pogonanthum(862)
*
Galium verum subsp. asiaticum(863)
>
D-2.Furrow short, and slightly wide.
*
Myrsine seguinii(778)
>
C-2.Sculpture covered with scabrae, and with some spines or spinules.
>
E-1.Furrow long, and approximately 8 in number, and scattered spines of approximately 7.0 μm.
*
Sicyos angulatus(523)
>
E-2.Spinules of 1.0 μm or less sparsely scattered.
>
F-1.Furrow long, and 7–10 in number.
*
Codonopsis lanceolata(997)
>
F-2.Furrow short, and 5–7 in number.
*
Platycodon grandiflorus(996)
>
B-4.Sculpture baculate.
>
G-1.Baculum height is 1.0–1.5 μm.
>
H-1.Scabrae scattered on upper surface of furrow.
*
Anemone flaccida(276)
>
H-2.Upper surface of furrow almost smooth.
*
Clinopodium coreanum subsp. coreanum(959)
*
Clinopodium gracile(960)
*
Glechoma hederacea subsp. grandis(961)
>
G-2.Baculum height is 2.0–2.5 μm.
*
Cuscuta australis(891)
*
Cuscuta japonica(892)
>
B-5.Sculpture reticulate.
>
I-1.Reticulum fine and uniform.
>
J-1.Furrow relatively wide and short, and polar area wide.
*
Chloranthus quadrifolius(61)
*
Chloranthus serratus(62)
>
J-2.Furrow narrow and long in polar direction.
*
Salvia lutescens var. intermedia (962)
*
Salvia nipponica(963)
*
Prunella vulgaris subsp. asiatica(964)
*
Thymus quinquecostatus var. ibukiensis(965)
*
Lycopus uniflorus(966)
>
I-2.Reticulum non-uniform and sculpture supra-reticulate.
*
Isodon longitubus(955)
*
Dracocephalum argunense var. japonicum(956)
*
Keiskea japonica(957)
*
Perilla frutescens var. crispa f. viridis(958)
>
A-2.Shape peroblate, equatorial view subrectangular, furrows short and 4 in number, and located at the 4 corners in polar view.
*
Impatiens textorii(763)
*
Impatiens noli-tangere(764)
*
Impatiens hypophylla (765)
*
A-3.Shape resembles arrowhead to cannonball. → See also stephanoporate.
>
10)Pericolpate
>
A-1.Spinules distributed on sculpture.
>
B-1.Spinules scattered and approximately 1.0 μm high.
>
C-1.Grain size 70.0 μm or larger.
*
Portulaca grandiflora(743)
>
C-2.Grain size 70.0 μm or less.
*
Portulaca oleracea(742)
>
B-2.Spinules scattered on sculpture are minute.
>
D-1.Sculpture baculate.
*
Ranunculus japonicus(278)
>
D-2.Sculpture scabrate to verrucate.
*
Ranunculus nipponicus var. submersus(277)
>
A-2.Spinules never distributed in sculpture.
>
E-1.Sculpture reticulate.
>
F-1.With granules on upper surface of furrow, and reticulum very fine.
*
Euptelea polyandra(242)
>
F-2.Without granules on upper surface of furrow, and gemmae or granules
scattered in lumina.
>
G-1.Size 50.0 μm or more, most reticula large with diameters of 4.0 μm or more,
and protrusions of lumina conspicuous.
*
Persicaria amphibia(698)
>
G-2.Size 50.0 μm or less, reticula small with diameters of 2.0 μm or less, and
protrusions of lumina inconspicuous.
*
Persicaria filiformis(694)
>
E-2.Sculpture rugulate, with some granules on upper surface of furrow and both ends of furrow blunt.
*
Corydalis incisa(247)
*
Corydalis heterocarpa var. japonica(248)
*
Corydalis pallida var. tenuis(249)
*
Corydalis decumbens(250)
>
E-3.Sculpture baculate, scabrae surround furrow, and shape is rounded hexahedron.
*
Basella alba(741)
>
E-4.Sculpture verrucate.
*
Pulsatilla nipponica(272)
>
E-5.Sculpture psilate to scabrate.
*
Trigastrotheca stricta(738)
>
11)Dicolporate
>
A-1.Shape flat and oval with long axis in polar direction, and germinal aperture openings located on flat surface.
*
Justicia hayatae(983)
>
12)Tricorporate
>
A-1.Sculpture psilate.
>
B-1.Grain major axis 40.0 μm or more.
>
C-1.Shape oblate spheroidal to suboblate, columellae develop, and verrucae to gemmae are distributed in polar region.
*
Canavalia lineata(383)
>
C-2.Shape spheroidal, and verrucae scattered on upper surface of furrow.
*
Apios fortunei(381)
>
C-3.Shape subprolate, and endoaperture long in the horizontal direction and sometimes shows an 8-character shape.
*
Diospyros kaki(772)
>
B-2.Grain major axis approximately 25.0–35.0 μm.
>
D-1.Polar view semi-angular, endoaperture oval and forms a fastigium and protrudes.
*
Clethra barbinervis(815)
>
D-2.Polar view circular.
>
E-1.Equatorial view suboblate to oblate spheroidal, and periphery of germinal aperture opening never protrudes.
*
Utricularia bifida(979)
*
Utricularia uliginosa(980)
>
E-2.Equatorial view subprolate, and periphery of germinal aperture opening sometimes protrudes.
>
F-1.Endoaperture round.
*
Peltoboykinia watanabei(331)
>
F-2.Endoaperture ellipse is long in equatorial direction.
*
Lysimachia clethroides(789)
>
B-3.Grain major axis is 25.0 μm or less.
>
G-1.Shape of equatorial view resembles a peanut.
*
Trigonotis peduncularis(888)
*
Mertensia pterocarpa var. yezoensis(889)
>
G-2.Shape of equatorial view subspheroidal to prolate.
>
H-1.Furrow long.
>
I-1.Shape of endoaperture ellipse is long in horizontal direction.
>
J-1.With a costa on endoaperture side.
>
K-1.Equatorial view spindle-shaped.
*
Boenninghausenia albiflora var. japonica(646)
>
K-2.Equatorial view not spindle-shaped.
>
L-1.Scabrae scattered on upper surface of furrow.
*
Begonia grandis(534)
>
L-2.Scabrae never scattered on upper surface of furrow.
*
Enkianthus sikokianus(822)
*
Enkianthus cernuus f. cernuus(823)
*
Enkianthus cernuus f. rubens(824)
>
J-2.Without a costa on endoaperture side.
>
M-1.Shape prolate.
*
Castanea crenata(470)
*
Castanopsis cuspidata(471)
*
Lithocarpus edulis(472)
*
Lithocarpus glaber(473)
>
M-2.Shape subprolate.
*
Maesa japonica(773)
*
Ardisia japonica(774)
*
Ardisia pusilla(775)
>
I-2.Endoaperture circular to oval.
>
N-1.Margo slightly thickened.
>
O-1.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes slightly.
*
Ternstroemia gymnanthera(770)
*
Cleyera japonica(771)
>
O-2.Periphery of germinal aperture opening never protrudes.
*
Eurya japonica var. japonica(768)
*
Eurya emarginata (769)
>
N-2.Margo never thicken.
*
Lotus corniculatus subsp. japonicus(393)
>
I-3.Endoaperture indistinct and slightly protruding.
*
Limnophila sessiliflora(928)
*
Limnophila chinensis subsp. aromatica(929)
*
Pennellianthus frutescens(930)
*
Veronicastrum japonicum var. japonicum(931)
>
H-2.Furrow short, and polar area wide.
*
Conandron ramondioides(923)
>
A-2.Sculpture scabrate.
>
P-1.Shape oblate to suboblate.
>
Q-1.Furrow short, and polar view circular to semi-angular.
>
R-1.Verrucae scattered on upper surface of furrow.
*
Alchornea davidii(549)
>
R-2.Furrow slit-shaped, and endexine thickened to surround endoaperture.
*
Tilia kiusiana(655)
*
Tilia japonica(657)
*
Tilia maximowicziana(658)
>
Q-2.Furrow long, polar area narrow, and polar view angular to subangular.
*
Sapindus mukorossi(641)
>
P-2.Shape spheroidal to subprolate.
>
S-1.Furrow short, and polar area wide.
>
T-1.Endoaperture circular.
>
U-1.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes like a beak and a fastigium develops.
*
Elaeagnus multiflora var. multiflora(442)
*
Elaeagnus pungens(443)
*
Elaeagnus umbellata var. umbellata(444)
*
Elaeagnus glabra(445)
>
U-2.Periphery of germinal aperture opening never protrudes.
*
Amphicarpaea edgeworthii(386)
>
T-2.Endoaperture oval, with a costa.
>
V-1.Endoaperture horizontally elliptical.
*
Sophora flavescens(364)
>
V-2.Endoaperture horizontally long and extends horizontally, and costae extend lengthwise, surrounding the equator.
*
Zabelia integrifolia(1093)
>
S-2.Furrow long, and polar area narrow.
>
W-1.Grain major axis 15.0 μm or less.
*
Hydrangea kawagoeana var. grosseserrata (758)
*
Elaeocarpus zollingeri(543)
*
Elaeocarpus japonicus(544)
>
W-2.Grain major axis 15.0 μm or more.
>
X-1.Endoaperture distinct.
>
Y-1.Verrucae scattered on upper surface of furrow.
>
Z-1.Endoaperture horizontally long and with a costa.
*
Grona heterocarpa(368)
*
Desmodium paniculatum(369)
>
Z-2.Endoaperture round and without a costa.
*
Viola grypoceras var. grypoceras(587)
*
Viola ovato-oblonga(588)
*
Viola eizanensis(589)
*
Viola biflora(590)
*
Viola violacea var. violacea(591)
>
Y-2.Verrucae never scattered on upper surface of furrow.
>
AA-1.Endoaperture protrudes and completely surrounds equatorial plane in a band shape.
*
Solanum capsicoides(903)
>
AA-2.Endoaperture protrudes and extends lengthwise, surrounding the equatorial plane.
>
BB-1.With a costa.
>
CC-1.Margo thickened.
*
Solanum melongena(902)
*
Solanum nigrum(904)
>
CC-2.Margo hardly thickened.
*
Physalis pubescens(900)
*
Alkekengi officinarum var. franchetii(901)
*
Solanum lyratum(905)
*
Solanum japonense(906)
>
BB-2.Without a costa.
*
Ricinus communis(551)
>
AA-3.Endoaperture circular or horizontally oval.
>
DD-1.Endoaperture protrudes.
*
Punica granatum(611)
>
DD-2.Endoaperture never protrudes.
*
Osteomeles anthyllidifolia var. subrotunda (441)
*
Bischofia javanica(563)
*
Actinidia polygama(812)
*
Actinidia kolomikta(813)
*
Actinidia arguta var. arguta(814)
>
AA-4.Endoaperture oval, forms a fastigium, and protrudes.
*
Stachyurus praecox(626)
>
X-2.Endoaperture indistinct.
>
EE-1.Margo thickened.
*
Helwingia japonica(988)
>
EE-2.Margo never thickened.
*
Stauntonia hexaphylla(254)
*
Cocculus trilobus(255)
*
Cocculus laurifolius(256)
>
P-3.Shape prolate to perprolate.
>
FF-1.Endoaperture circular and large, and periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes.
*
Agrimonia pilosa var. japonica(425)
>
FF-2.Periphery of germinal aperture opening hardly protrudes.
>
GG-1.Margo thickened.
>
HH-1.With a costa.
>
II-1.Spinules scattered on upper surface of furrow.
*
Aesculus hippocastanum(640)
>
II-2.Equatorial view close to a rhombus and columellae develop slightly more in surroundings than in intercolpium and polar areas.
*
 Hydrocotyle maritima(1118)
>
HH-2.Without a costa.
*
Lobelia chinensis(998)
*
Lobelia sessilifolia(999)
>
GG-2.Margo hardly thickened.
>
JJ-1.With a costa, and columellae develop slightly more in surroundings than in intercolpium and polar areas.
>
KK-1.Pores protrude slightly.
*
Ligusticum scothicum subsp. hultenii(1138)
*
Tilingia ajanensis(1139)
*
Daucus carota subsp. sativus(1140)
*
Bupleurum stenophyllum(1141)
>
KK-2.Pores never protrude.
*
Angelica ubatakensis(1119)
*
Angelica saxicola(1120)
*
Angelica saxicola(1121)
*
Angelica pubescens(1122)
*
Angelica polymorpha(1123)
*
Angelica decursiva(1124)
*
Angelica cartilaginomarginata(1125)
*
Chamaele decumbens(1126)
*
Chamaele decumbens f. japonica (1127)
*
Sium ninsi(1128)
*
Cicuta virosa(1129)
*
Oenanthe javanica(1130)
*
Foeniculum vulgare(1131)
*
Glehnia littoralis(1132)
*
Peucedanum japonicum var. japonicum(1133)
*
Torilis japonica(1134)
*
Cryptotaenia canadensis subsp. japonica(1135)
*
Sanicula chinensis(1136)
*
Sanicula tuberculata(1137)
>
JJ-2.Without a costa.
*
Hypericum monogynum(593)
>
A-3.Sculpture verrucate.
>
LL-1.Shape oblate.
>
MM-1.Furrow wide, and pattern of sculpture scabrate near furrow.
*
Halenia corniculata(872)
>
MM-2.Furrow narrow.
*
Symplocos myrtacea(800)
*
Symplocos kuroki(801)
*
Symplocos tanakae(802)
>
LL-2.Shape almost spheroidal.
>
NN-1.Endoaperture circular and large.
>
OO-1.With a costa.
*
Lagenaria siceraria(522)
>
OO-2.Without a costa.
>
PP-1.Polar view circular, and polar area wide.
*
Fagus crenata(487)
>
PP-2.Polar view rounded semi-angular, and polar area narrow.
*
Fagus japonica(488)
>
NN-2.Endoaperture spreads around the equator.
*
Mallotus japonicus(550)
>
LL-3.Shape prolate spheroidal to subprolate.
>
QQ-1.Polar view circular to semi-angular.
>
RR-1.Endoaperture distinct, and horizontally long in horizontal direction.
>
SS-1.Periphery of germinal aperture opening never protrudes.
>
TT-1.Endoaperture spreads around equator.
*
Phyla nodiflora(986)
>
TT-2.Endoaperture oval, and columellae develop markedly in intercolpium.
*
Scaevola taccada(1009)
>
SS-2.Periphery of the germinal aperture opening protrudes.
>
UU-1.With a costa.
*
Kandelia obovata(545)
*
Bruguiera gymnorhiza(546)
>
UU-2.Without a costa.
*
Verbena officinalis(987)
>
RR-2.Endoaperture round or indistinct.
>
VV-1.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes.
>
WW-1.Sculpture appearance changes to finely reticulate when focus is adjusted when viewed under a microscope.
*
Indigofera pseudotinctoria(387)
>
WW-2.Sculpture appearance changes to rugulate when focus is adjusted when viewed under a microscope.
*
Senna obtusifolia(353)
*
Senna occidentalis(354)
*
Indigofera decora(388)
>
VV-2.Periphery of germinal aperture opening never protrudes.
>
XX-1.Verrucate pattern relatively uniform.
*
Daphniphyllum macropodum(319)
>
XX-2.Verrucate pattern not so.
>
YY-1.Endoaperture distinct, and endexine curves so as to drop substantially inward near equatorial area.
*
Quercus hondae(474)
*
Quercus sessilifolia(475)
*
Quercus salicina f. angustata(476)
*
Quercus glauca(477)
*
Quercus acuta(478)
*
Quercus gilva(479)
*
Quercus myrsinifolia(480)
*
Quercus phillyreoides(481)
>
YY-2.Endoaperture indistinct, and endexine does not curve so as to drop substantially inward near equatorial area.
*
Quercus aliena(482)
*
Quercus acutissima(483)
*
Quercus dentata(484)
*
Quercus crispula(485)
*
Quercus serrata(486)
>
QQ-2.Polar view subangular, both ends of furrow sharp, and endoaperture circular and with a costa.
*
Cornus controversa(745)
*
Cornus macrophylla(746)
*
Cornus kousa subsp. kousa(747)
*
Cornus officinalis(748)
*
Cornus canadensis(749)
>
A-4.Sculpture rugulate.
>
ZZ-1.Shape spheroidal, grain size 80.0 μm or more, and valla coarse.
*
Alangium platanifolium var. trilobatum(744)
>
ZZ-2.Grain size 70.0 μm or less.
>
Aa-1.Furrow short.
>
Ab-1.Polar view semi-angular to semi-lobate, furrow distinct, and endoaperture horizontally long and with a costa.
*
Symplocos prunifolia(803)
>
Ab-2.Both polar and equatorial views spheroidal, and furrow indistinct.
*
Datura stramonium(910)
>
Ab-3.Shape subprolate, polar view planaperturate, which is semi-angular to subangular, and endoaperture protrudes.
*
Lagerstroemia indica(604)
*
Lagerstroemia subcostata(605)
>
Aa-2.Furrow long.
>
Ac-1.With a costa.
>
Ad-1.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes.
>
Ae-1.Shape prolate to subprolate.
>
Af-1.Margo thickened.
*
Sedum tricarpum(334)
*
Sedum polytrichoides(335)
*
Sedum bulbiferum(336)
*
Hylotelephium verticillatum(337)
*
Hylotelephium sieboldii(338)
*
Orostachys japonica(339)
*
Penthorum chinense(340)
>
Af-2.Margo never thickened.
*
Rubus mesogaeus var. mesogaeus(418)
*
Rubus parvifolius(419)
*
Rubus microphyllus(420)
*
Rubus hirsutus(421)
>
Ae-2.Shape spheroidal to suboblate, and polar view subangular.
*
Berchemia racemosa(448)
*
Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa(449)
*
Paliurus ramosissimus(450)
*
Hovenia dulcis(451)
>
Ad-2.Periphery of germinal aperture opening never protrudes.
*
Petunia × hybrida(908)
>
Ac-2.Without a costa.
>
Ag-1.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes.
*
Rubus hakonensis(422)
>
Ag-2.Periphery of germinal aperture opening never protrude.
*
Chaenomeles japonica(439)
*
Chaenomeles speciosa(440)
>
A-5.Sculpture striate.
>
Ah-1.Endoaperture clearly evident.
>
Ai-1.Striped patterns deeply carved and distinct.
>
Aj-1.Endoaperture horizontally long.
>
Ak-1.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes.
>
Al-1.Margo thickened.
*
Padus buergeriana(433)
>
Al-2.Margo never thickened.
*
Fragaria ananassa(408)
*
Fragaria nipponica(409)
*
Potentilla nivea var. camtschatica(410)
*
Comarum palustre(413)
*
Dasiphora fruticosa(414)
>
Ak-2.Pore with a costa, never protrudes, and margo thickened.
*
Rhus javanica var. chinensis(629)→Sculpture also composite type of striate and reticulate.
*
Lycium chinense(909)
>
Aj-2.Endoaperture circular to slightly oval.
>
Am-1.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes.
*
Cerasus yedoensis(430)
*
Cerasus incisa var. incisa(431)
*
Prunus persica(432)
>
Am-2.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes slightly or does not protrude.
>
An-1.Margo thickened.
>
Ao-1.Spinules scattered on upper surface of furrow.
*
Aesculus turbinata(639)
>
Ao-2.Spinules never scattered on upper surface of furrow.
*
Dryas octopetala var. asiatica(415)
*
Geum calthifolium var. nipponicum(416)
*
Sieversia pentapetala(417)
>
An-2.Margo slightly thickened or not thickened.
>
Ap-1.Verrucae scattered on upper surface of furrow.
*
Actinostemma tenerum(516)
*
Gynostemma pentaphyllum(517)
>
Ap-2.Verrucae never scattered on upper surface of furrow.
*
Acer sieboldianum(630)
*
Acer shirasawanum(631)
*
Acer rufinerve(632)
*
Acer palmatum(633)
*
Acer ukurunduense(634)
>
Ai-2.Striped patterns of sculpture shallow and indistinct.
>
Aq-1.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes markedly.
*
Neillia incisa(399)
*
Spiraea japonica(400)
*
Spiraea dasyantha(401)
*
Spiraea salicifolia(402)
*
Spiraea blumei(403)
*
Spiraea hayatae(404)
*
Spiraea nipponica var. tosaensis(405)
*
Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus(406)
*
Kerria japonica(407)
*
Potentilla ancistrifolia var. dickinsii(411)
*
Potentilla anemonifolia(412)
*
Rosa rugosa(426)
*
Rosa laevigata(427)
*
Rosa onoei var. onoei(428)
*
Rosa luciae(429)
*
Laurocerasus spinulosa(434)
>
Aq-2.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes slightly or not at all.
>
Ar-1.Exine thicker endexine than ectexine.
*
Eriobotrya japonica(435)
*
Pourthiaea villosa var. villosa(436)
*
Amelanchier asiatica(437)
*
Sorbus commixta var. rufoferruginea(438)
>
Ar-2.Exine with same thickness as ectexine and endexine.
*
Buckleya lanceolata(681)
>
Ah-2.Endoaperture indistinct.
*
Menyanthes trifoliata(1005)
*
Nephrophyllidium crista-galli subsp. japonicum(1006)
>
As-2.Valla of stripes fine.
*
Acer tschonoskii(635)
*
Acer buergerianum(636)
*
Acer argutum(637)
*
Acer tataricum subsp. aidzuense(638)
>
A-6.Sculpture reticulate.
>
At-1.Shape prolate, but cylindrical shape does resemble shape of medical capsule.
>
Au-1.Brochi fine and 1.0 μm or less.
>
Av-1.Scabrae distributed on upper surface of furrow.
*
Hylodesmum podocarpum subsp. oxyphyllum var. japonicum(366)
*
Ohwia caudata(367)
>
Av-2.Scabrae never distributed on upper surface of furrow.
*
Melilotus officinalis subsp. suaveolens(394)
*
Melilotus officinalis subsp. albus(395)
*
Crotalaria sessiliflora(396)
>
Au-2.Brochi coarse, and muri not as sharp as wrinkles.
*
Vicia sativa subsp. nigra (370)
*
Vicia hirsuta(371)
*
Vicia unijuga(372)
*
Vicia cracca(373)
*
Vicia faba(374)
*
Vicia nipponica(375)
*
Lathyrus japonicus(376)
>
At-2.Grains not cylindrical and do not resemble shape of medical capsule.
>
Aw-1.Polar view angular to subangular and sometimes semi-lobate.
>
Ax-1.Shape suboblate to peroblate.
>
Ay-1.Endoaperture circular and large, and scabrae distributed on upper surface and periphery of furrow.
*
Dunbaria villosa(377)
>
Ay-2.Endoaperture elongated in equatorial direction, and with a costa.
*
Symplocos coreana(798)
*
Symplocos sawafutagi(799)
>
Ax-2.Shape spheroidal to subprolate.
>
Az-1.Endoaperture circular and with a costa, and furrow narrow.
*
Vitis ficifolia(345)
*
Vitis coignetiae(346)
*
Vitis flexuosa(347)
>
Az-2.Endoaperture long in equatorial direction.
>
Ba-1.Margo thickened, and with a costa.
*
Rhamnus davurica var. nipponica(446)
*
Frangula crenata(447)
>
Ba-2.Margo never thickened, and without a costa.
*
Aralia elata(1106)
*
Aralia elata f. subinermis(1107)
*
Aralia cordata(1108)
*
Eleutherococcus spinosus(1109)
*
Eleutherococcus divaricatus(1110)
*
Chengiopanax sciadophylloides(1111)
*
Dendropanax trifidus(1112)
*
Gamblea innovans(1113)
*
Tetrapanax papyrifer(1114)
*
Panax japonicus(1115)
*
Oplopanax japonicus var. japonicus(1116)
*
Hedera rhombea(1117)
>
Aw-2.Polar view circular to semi-angular.
>
Bb-1.Shape oblate to peroblate, and endexine thickened to surround germinal aperture opening.
*
Tilia miqueliana(656)
>
Bb-2.Shape oblate spheroidal to oblate.
>
Bc-1.Endoaperture elliptical and long in polar direction, scabrae to verrucae densely distributed on upper surface of furrow, and margo thickened.
*
Biancaea decapetala(352)
>
Bc-2.Brochi fine, endoaperture indistinct, and upper surface of furrow smooth.
*
Phryma esquirolii(969)
>
Bb-3.Shape spheroidal to prolate.
>
Bd-1.Furrow wide.
>
Be-1.Endoaperture elliptical and long in the polar direction, and scabrae distributed on upper surface of furrow.
*
Ophiorrhiza japonica(868)
>
Be-2.Shape spherical, endoaperture round and with a costa.
>
Bf-1.Brochi coarse, and due to partial interruption of muri, some parts have relatively large lumina.
*
Benincasa hispida(527)
>
Bf-2.Brochi coarse, but relatively uniform in size except in vicinity of furrow, and granules sparsely present in lumina.
*
Citrullus lanatus(528)
>
Bd-2.Furrow not wide.
>
Bg-1.Size of brochi at least 1.0 μm or more.
>
Bh-1.Brochi become finer from intercolpium to furrow.
>
Bi-1.Endoaperture indistinct.
>
Bj-1.Sculpture shifts to psilate near furrow.
*
Wisteria floribunda(390)
*
Wisteria japonica(391)
>
Bj-2.Brochi continuous up to vicinity of furrow.
>
Bk-1.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes, and often forms equatorial bridge.
*
Schima wallichii subsp. noronhae(797)
>
Bk-2.Periphery of germinal aperture opening never protrudes.
*
Trochodendron aralioides(303)
>
Bi-2.Endoaperture distinct.
>
Bl-1.Sculpture shifts to psilate near furrow.
>
Bm-1.Brochi fine, pores of major axis approximately 5.0 μm or less in diameter, furrow extends in both polar directions, and polar area narrow.
*
Adoxa moschatellina(1076)
>
Bm-2.Brochi slightly coarse, and pores of major axis approximately 7.0 μm in diameter.
*
Kummerowia striata(365)
>
Bl-2.Sculpture shifts to scabrate near furrow.
*
Staphylea bumalda(624)
*
Staphylea japonica(625)
>
Bl-3.Sculpture striate near furrow and sometimes shifts to scabrate.
>
Bn-1.With a costa.
*
Zanthoxylum piperitum(643)
>
Bn-2.Without a costa.
*
Ailanthus altissima(653)
>
Bl-4.Sculpture reticulate even near furrow.
>
Bo-1.Size of columellae 1.2 μm or more.
>
Bp-1.Grains with a costa.
>
Bq-1.Muri connect to form curves.
>
Br-1.Grain major axis 30.0 μm or more.
*
Phellodendron amurense(647)
>
Br-2.Grain major axis 30.0 μm or less.
*
Zanthoxylum schinifolium(644)
*
Zanthoxylum ailanthoides(645)
>
Bq-2.Muri never connect to form curves.
>
Bs-1.Endoaperture ellipse is slightly longer in equatorial direction.
*
Tripterygium regelii(540)
>
Bs-2.Endoaperture ellipse long in equatorial direction.
*
Viburnum odoratissimum var. awabuki(1079)
>
Bp-2.Without or having a small costa, and polar view shows columellae in intercolpium arranged in crescent shape.
*
Euonymus japonicus(535)
*
Euonymus oxyphyllus var. oxyphyllus(536)
*
Euonymus macropterus(537)
*
Celastrus orbiculatus var. orbiculatus(539)
>
Bo-2.Size of columellae 1.2 μm or less.
>
Bt-1.Endoaperture horizontally long.
*
Pittosporum tobira(1105)
>
Bt-2.Endoaperture circular or elliptical.
*
Pueraria lobata(384)
>
Bh-2.Brochi almost uniform in size over entire surface.
>
Bu-1.Endoaperture circular.
>
Bv-1.With a costa, and margo sometimes thickened.
*
Zehneria japonica(519)
*
Momordica charantia var. pavel(520)
*
Luffa aegyptica(521)
>
Bv-2.Without a costa, and bacula lined up in a row to form muri.
>
Bw-1.Furrow extremely narrow and extends linearly in polar direction, and polar area narrow.
*
Schizopepon bryoniifolius(518)
>
Bw-2.Furrow marginally narrow, and polar area marginally wide.
>
Bx-1.Brochi at least 2.5 μm.
*
Jasminum humile var. revolutum(912)
*
Ligustrum japonicum(913)
*
Ligustrum ovalifolium(914)
*
Ligustrum obtusifolium(915)
*
Syringa reticulata(916)
>
Bx-2.Brochi at most 2.0 μm or less.
*
Forsythia saxatilis(917)
*
Osmanthus heterophyllus(918)
*
Fraxinus sieboldiana(919)
*
Fraxinus insularis(920)
*
Fraxinus lanuginosa f. serrata(921)
*
Fraxinus griffithii(922)
>
Bu-2.Endoaperture long in horizontal direction.
*
Triumfetta japonica(660)
>
Bh-3.Brochi placed all over the slightly larger brochi so that the smaller brochi surround them.
*
Firmiana simplex(668)
>
Bg-2.Size of brochi 1.0 μm or less.
>
By-1.Endoaperture indistinct.
>
Bz-1.Margo thickened.
*
Stewartia pseudocamellia(796)
>
Bz-2.Margo hardly thickened.
>
Ca-1.Brochi become finer from intercolpium to furrow.
*
Paeonia suffruticosa(309)
>
Ca-2.Brochi almost uniform over entire surface.
>
Cb-1.Scabrae distributed on upper surface of furrow.
*
Akebia quinata(252)
*
Akebia trifoliata(253)
>
Cb-2.Scabrae never distributed on upper surface of furrow.
*
Paeonia japonica(307)
*
Paeonia obovata(308)
>
By-2.Endoaperture distinct.
>
Cc-1.Brochi never disappear from view with slight focus adjustment when viewed under a microscope.
>
Cd-1.Sculpture shifts to psilate near furrow.
*
Kirengeshoma palmata(327)
*
Deutzia scabra var. scabra(755)
>
Cd-2.Sculpture reticulate near furrow.
*
Astilbe microphylla(322)
*
Astilbe thunbergii var. thunbergii(323)
*
Astilbe japonica(324)
*
Boykinia lycoctonifolia(325)
*
Chrysosplenium japonicum(326)
*
Philadelphus satsumi(750)
*
Philadelphus satsumi f. nikoensis(751)
*
Deutzia crenata(752)
*
Deutzia gracilis(753)
*
Deutzia maximowicziana(754)
*
Hydrangea petiolaris(756)
*
Hydrangea macrophylla f. normalis(757)
*
Hydrangea paniculata(759)
*
Hydrangea luteovenosa(760)
*
Hydrangea scandens(761)
>
Cc-2.Brochi almost uniform over entire surface.
>
Ce-1.Brochi never disappear from view with slight focus adjustment when viewed under a microscope.
>
Cf-1.With a costa.
>
Cg-1.Margo thickened.
>
Ch-1.Endoaperture circular.
*
Flueggea suffruticosa(562)
>
Ch-2.Endoaperture elliptical in horizontal direction.
*
Xylosma congesta(586)
>
Ch-3.Endoaperture extends lengthwise horizontally.
>
Ci-1.Size of columellae 1.5 μm or more.
*
Viburnum erosum(1082)
*
Viburnum furcatum(1083)
*
Viburnum dilatatum(1084)
*
Viburnum opulus var. sargentii(1085)
>
Ci-2.Size of columellae approximately 1.0 μm.
*
Meliosma myriantha(298)
*
Meliosma rigida(299)
>
Cg-2.Margo hardly thickened.
>
Cj-1.Endoaperture circular.
*
Parnassia foliosa var. foliosa(332)
*
Parnassia palustris var. palustris(333)
>
Cj-2.Endoaperture elliptical in horizontal direction.
*
Sambucus chinensis(1077)
*
Sambucus racemosa subsp. sieboldiana(1078)
*
Viburnum phlebotrichum(1081)
>
Cf-2.Without costa or with only slight costa development.
>
Ck-1.Margo thickened.
*
Campsis grandiflora(985)
>
Ck-2.Margo hardly thickened.
>
Cl-1.Ectexine thicker than endexine.
*
Diapensia lapponica subsp. obovata(806)
*
Schizocodon soldanelloides var. soldanelloides(807)
>
Cl-2.Thickness of ectexine and endexine equivalent.
*
Avicennia marina(982)
>
Ce-2.Brochi disappear from view with slight focus adjustment when viewed under a microscope.
>
Cm-1.Columellae 1.0 μm or more in size, and uniform.
>
Cn-1.Endoaperture circular or slightly elliptical.
>
Co-1.Furrow narrow and slit-shaped.
*
Rumex acetosa(686)
*
Rumex japonicus(687)→See also pericolporate.
>
Co-2.Furrow relatively wide, and with a costa.
*
Mitrasacme pygmaea(882)
>
Cn-2.Endoaperture long in horizontal direction.
>
Cp-1.Endoaperture slit-shaped, and with a costa.
*
Ampelopsis glandulosa var. heterophylla (348)
>
Cp-2.Endoaperture surrounds equatorial plane in strip shape.
*
Fallopia multiflora(691)
*
Fallopia sachalinensis(692)
*
Fallopia japonica var. japonica(693)
>
Cp-3.Endoaperture slightly indistinct, elliptical, and orthogonal to the furrow in the equatorial plane.
*
Fagopyrum esculentum(705)
*
Fagopyrum tataricum(706)
*
Fagopyrum dibotrys(707)
>
Cm-2.Size of columellae less than 1.0 μm or indistinguishable.
>
Cq-1.With a costa.
*
Buddleja curviflora(932)
>
Cq-2.Costa slightly developed or absent.
>
Cr-1.Margo slightly thickened.
>
Cs-1.Endoaperture long in horizontal direction.
>
Ct-1.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes.
*
Primula japonica(784)
*
Lysimachia mauritiana(785)
*
Lysimachia vulgaris subsp. davurica(786)
*
Lysimachia thyrsiflora(787)
*
Lysimachia arvensis var. caerulea (790)
*
Lysimachia europaea(791)
>
Ct-2.Periphery of germinal aperture opening never protrudes.
*
Scrophularia duplicatoserrata(933)
*
Mazus miquelii(968)
*
Paulownia tomentosa(970)
>
Cs-2.Endoaperture circular or oval in horizontal direction.
>
Cu-1.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes, and often forms equatorial bridge.
*
Cercis chinensis(385)
*
Hypericum ascyron subsp. ascyron var. ascyron(594)
*
Hypericum sikokumontanum(595)
*
Hypericum nakaii subsp. nakaii(596)
*
Hypericum senanense subsp. mutiloides(597)
*
Hypericum erectum(598)
*
Triadenum japonicum(599)
>
Cu-2.Periphery of germinal aperture opening never protrudes.
*
Lespedeza buergeri(355)
*
Lespedeza cuneata(356)
*
Lespedeza thunbergii subsp. thunbergii f. alba (357)
*
Lespedeza thunbergii subsp. thunbergii (358)
*
Lespedeza homoloba(359)
*
Thermopsis fabacea(360)
*
Styphnolobium japonicum(361)
*
Glycine max subsp. soja(362)
*
Medicago lupulina(363)
>
Cr-2.Margo never thickened.
>
Cv-1.Endoaperture round or slightly oval, and periphery of germinal aperture opening never protrudes.
>
Cw-1.Diameter of endoaperture approximately half to a third of length of furrow.
>
Cx-1.Shape spheroidal.
*
Amorpha fruticosa(389)
>
Cx-2.Shape prolate.
*
Astragalus sinicus(392)
>
Cw-2.Diameter of endoaperture less than a quarter of length of furrow.
*
Schizocodon soldanelloides var. soldanelloides form. alpinus(808)
>
Cv-2.Endoaperture horizontally long and protrudes slightly around germinal aperture opening.
*
Ardisia crenata(776)
>
A-7.Sculpture is complex type of verrucate to reticulate, and gap between verrucae is observed in mesh with focus adjustment when viewed under a microscope.
>
Cy-1.Brochi become finer from intercolpium to furrow.
>
Cz-1.Endoaperture horizontally long and never protrudes around pore, but changes to scabrate near furrow.
*
Ehretia acuminata var. obovata(885)
>
Cz-2.Endoaperture circular, periphery of pore protrudes and often forms equatorial bridge, brochi become finer near furrow, and valla sometimes observed as wide rugulate.
*
Camellia japonica(792)
*
Camellia sasanqua(793)
*
Camellia rusticana(794)
*
Camellia sinensis(795)
>
Cy-2.Brochi almost uniform over entire surface, margo thickened, endoaperture elliptical in horizontal direction and with a costa, and periphery of pore protrudes and forms equatorial bridge.
*
Styrax japonicus(809)
*
Styrax obassia(810)
*
Pterostyrax corymbosus(811)
>
A-8.Sculpture is composite type of striate and reticulate, and mesh appears to flow with focus adjustment when viewed under a microscope.
>
Da-1.Margo thickens.
>
Db-1.Brochi distinct.
>
Dc-1.Endoaperture oblong in the horizontal direction.
*
Toxicodendron trichocarpum(627)
*
Toxicodendron sylvestre(628)
>
Dc-2.Endoaperture circular to slightly oval.
*
Parthenocissus tricuspidata(350)
>
Db-2.Brochi indistinct.
*
Rhus javanica var. chinensis(629)→See also striate
>
Da-2.Margo never thicken.
*
Swertia japonica(873)
*
Swertia bimaculata(874)
*
Tripterospermum japonicum(875)
*
Gentiana zollingeri(876)
*
Gentiana scabra var. buergeri(878)
*
Gentiana triflora var. japonica(879)
*
Gentiana makinoi (880)
*
Gentiana thunbergii var. minor(881)
>
A-9.Sculpture echinate.
>
Dd-1.Spines scattered.
>
De-1. Furrow short and distinct, and endoaperture circular and with a costa.
*
Abutilon theophrasti(667)
>
De-2.Furrow distinct.
>
Df-1.Development of layer of columellae is marked.
*
Chrysanthemum indicum(1037)
*
Chrysanthemum makinoi(1038)
*
Chrysanthemum japonense(1039)
*
Parasenecio adenostyloides(1040)
*
Parasenecio nikomontanus(1041)
*
Parasenecio farfarifolius var. bulbiferus(1042)
*
Taimingasa yatabei var. occidentalis(1043)
*
Atractylodes ovata(1044)
*
Cirsium yoshinoi var. shikokianum(1045)
*
Ligularia japonica(1046)
*
Serratula coronata subsp. insularis(1047)
>
Df-2.Layer of columellae not markedly developed and never arranged in crescent shape in intercolpi.
*
Aster glehnii(1010)
*
Aster semiamplexicaulis(1011)
*
Aster rugulosus(1012)
*
Aster scaber(1013)
*
Aster hispidus var. leptocladus(1014)
*
Aster yomena(1015)
*
Aster miquelianus(1016)
*
Tripolium pannonicum(1017)
*
Nemosenecio nikoensis(1018)
*
Senecio nemorensis(1019)
*
Senecio scandens(1020)
*
Emilia sonchifolia var. javanica(1021)
*
Wedelia prostrata(1022)
*
Bidens frondosa(1023)
*
Arnica unalaschcensis var. tschonoskyi(1024)
*
Carpesium abrotanoides(1025)
*
Eupatorium lindleyanum var. lindleyanum(1026)
*
Eupatorium makinoi var. makinoi(1027)
>
Dd-2.Spinules scattered.
>
Dg-1.Furrow short, and polar area wide.
>
Dh-1.Endoaperture long and large in horizontal direction and with a costa, and distinct fastigium observed in polar view.
*
Lonicera japonica(1088)
>
Dh-2.Endoaperture circular to elliptical and small.
>
Di-1.Density of spinules high.
*
Xanthium strumarium subsp. sibiricum (1057) →Often forms cavea.
>
Di-2.Density of spinules low.
*
Ambrosia artemisiifolia(1058) →Often forms cavea.
*
Ambrosia trifida(1059) →Same as above.
>
Dg-2.Furrow long.
>
Dj-1.Development of layer of columellae marked.
>
Dk-1.Height of spinules 1.0–3.0 μm.
*
Achillea alpina subsp. alpina var. longiligulata(1048)
*
Synurus pungens(1049)
*
Saussurea nikoensis(1050)
*
Saussurea amabilis(1051)
*
Saussurea yoshinagae(1052)
>
Dk-2.Height of spinules 1.0 μm or less.
>
Dl-1.Grain major axis 30.0 μm or more.
*
Leibnitzia anandria(1053)
*
Ainsliaea acerifolia var. acerifolia(1054)
*
Ainsliaea uniflora(1055)
>
Dl-2.Grain major axis 25.0 μm or less.
*
Artemisia keiskeana(1060)
*
Artemisia capillaris(1061)
*
Artemisia indica var. maximowiczii(1062)
*
Artemisia indica(1063)
*
Artemisia carvifolia(1064)
*
Artemisia lancea(1065)
*
Artemisia japonica(1066)
>
Dj-2.Layer of columellae not markedly developed and never arranged in crescent shape in intercolpi.
>
Dm-1.Height of spinules 1.0–3.0 μm.
*
Erigeron thunbergii subsp. thunbergii(1028)
*
Erigeron annuus(1029)
*
Centipeda minima(1030)
*
Eschenbachia japonica(1031)
*
Solidago altissima(1032)
*
Tephroseris integrifolia subsp. kirilowii(1033)
*
Cotula australis(1034)
*
Anaphalis margaritacea var. angustifolia(1035)
*
Erechtites hieraciifolius(1036)
>
Dm-2.Spinules fine and less than 1.0 μm in height.
*
Adenocaulon himalaicum(1056)
>
A-10.Types other than the above that can identify individual elements.
>
Dn-1.Element clavate, margo thickened, and endoaperture oval in horizontal direction and never protrudes.
*
Ilex integra(989)
*
Ilex latifolia(990)
*
Ilex serrata(991)
*
Ilex pedunculosa(992)
*
Ilex rotunda(993)
*
Ilex chinensis(994)
*
Ilex crenata var. crenata(995)
>
Dn-2.Elements a mixture of bacula and clavae, elements sparsely scattered, furrow wide, and endoaperture indistinct.
*
Viscum album subsp. coloratum(682)
>
Dn-3.Element baculate.
>
Do-1.Endoaperture indistinct.
*
Aucuba japonica var. japonica(858)
>
Do-2.Endoaperture distinct and long in horizontal direction.
>
Dp-1.Bacula reach near furrow.
>
Dq-1.Endoaperture spreads around equator.
*
Polygonum aviculare subsp. aviculare(688)
>
Dq-2.Distribution of bacula slightly sparse near pole.
*
Bistorta tenuicaulis var. tenuicaulis(689)
*
Bistorta officinalis subsp. japonica(690)
>
Dp-2.Scabrae distributed near furrow.
>
Euphorbiaceae → Tectum almost smooth and difficult to distinguish from surface view, thus observe columellae directly below surface.
*
Mercurialis leiocarpa(552)
*
Triadica sebifera(553)
*
Neoshirakia japonica(554)
*
Euphorbia sieboldiana(555)
*
Euphorbia jolkinii(556)
*
Euphorbia helioscopia(557)
*
Euphorbia maculata(558)
*
Euphorbia nutans(559)
>
13)Stephanocolporate
>
A-1.Number of furrows 4–5.
>
B-1.Sculpture psilate.
>
C-1.Equatorial view prismatic, and with circular endoaperture.
*
Lithospermum zollingeri(887)
>
C-2.Equatorial view subprolate, endoaperture long in horizontal direction, and margo slightly thickened.
*
Lysimachia fortunei(788)
>
B-2.Sculpture scabrate.
>
D-1.Endoaperture large with diameter of 5.0–6.0 μm.
*
Melia azedarach var. subtripinnata(654)
>
D-2.Endoaperture small and protrudes slightly.
*
Acalypha australis(548)
>
B-3.Sculpture a composite type of striate and reticulate, and mesh appears to flow with focus adjustment when viewed under a microscope.
>
E-1.Endoaperture long in horizontal direction, and margo thickened.
>
F-1.Number of furrows 4.
*
Orixa japonica(648)
>
F-2.Number of furrows 5.
*
Skimmia japonica var. japonica(649)
>
E-2.Endoaperture circular or a slightly long oval in horizontal direction, and margo never thickened.
*
Gentiana sikokiana(877)→See also tricorporate.
>
B-4.Sculpture reticulate.
>
G-1.Exine tectate.
>
H-1.Endoaperture long in horizontal direction, and with a costa.
*
Citrus tachibana(650)
*
Citrus trifoliata(651)
*
Citrus japonica(652)
>
H-2.Endoaperture circular, and with a costa.
*
Phyllanthus lepidocarpus(560)
>
G-2.Exine semitectate or intectate.
>
I-1.Furrow short, less than half of polar length, and polar area wide.
*
Oldenlandia brachypoda(870)
>
I-2.Furrow long.
>
J-1.Endoaperture circular, and with a costa, furrow narrow, and margo slightly thickened.
*
Vitis vinifera(344)
>
J-2.Endoaperture circular to slightly elliptical, and margo thin.
*
Euonymus alatus f. alatus(538)
>
J-3.Endoaperture long in the horizontal direction, and with a costa.
*
Viburnum suspensum(1080)
>
B-5.Spinules scattered on sculpture.
*
Lonicera gracilipes var. glabra(1086)
*
Lonicera gracilipes var. glandulosa(1087)
>
A-2.Number of furrows 6 or more.
>
K-1.Number of furrows 6–8.
>
L-1.Pores prominent, margo thickened, and tectum thick.
*
Sanguisorba officinalis(423)
*
Sanguisorba tenuifolia(424)
>
L-2.Pore never protrudes and has horizontally long elliptical shape, sometimes connected to left and right pores, and with a costa.
*
Pinguicula macroceras(981)
>
K-2.Number of furrows 10 or more, and with endoaperture fused in ring shape on equatorial plane.
>
M-1.Shape isopolar.
>
N-1.With lacunae arranged radially, surrounding polar area.
*
Polygala japonica(397)
>
N-2.Without lacunae arranged radially, surrounding polar area, and germinal aperture openings markedly protrude near equator and continue in ring band shape.
*
Utricularia japonica(978)
>
M-2.Shape heteropolar, and equatorial view resembles a kidney.
*
Polygala tatarinowii(398)
>
14)Pericolporate
>
A-1.Endoaperture circular.
>
B-1.Endoaperture with a costa, and margo thickened.
*
Causonis japonica(349)
>
B-2.Endoaperture without a costa, and margo never thickened.
*
Rumex japonicus(687)
>
A-2.Endoaperture oval, with a costa, and furrows sometimes fuse with adjacent furrows
*
Damnacanthus indicus var. indicus(865)
>
15)Diporate
>
A-1.Outline of polar view almost circular, and outline of equatorial view circular to a long oval in horizontal direction.
>
B-1.With annulus.
>
C-1.Annulus development marked, and sculpture psilate.
*
Anodendron affine(884)
>
C-2.Annulus development not marked, and sculpture scabrate.
*
Trema orientalis(458)
>
B-2.Annulus underdeveloped.
*
Broussonetia × kazinoki(461)
*
Nanocnide japonica(464)
*
Laportea bulbifera(466)
>
A-2.Grains spindle-shaped, equatorial view shows different polarities, and outline of outer shape vertically asymmetric.
*
Itea japonica(320)
>
16)Triporate
>
A-1.With large vestibulum of cylindrical to triangular pyramid shape.
>
B-1.Ratio of grain diameter to vestibulum depth 2.5 or less.
>
C-1.Grain size 100.0 μm or larger.
*
Oenothera stricta(617)
>
C-2.Grain size 65.0 μm or less.
*
Circaea erubescens(613)
*
Circaea alpina subsp. alpina(614)
*
Circaea mollis(615)
*
Circaea cordata(616)
>
B-2.Ratio of grain diameter to vestibulum depth 2.5 or more.
>
D-1.With Y-shaped thickened part on proximal pole side.
*
Ludwigia epilobioides subsp. epilobioides(621)
*
Ludwigia peploides subsp. stipulacea (622)
>
D-2.Without Y-shaped thickened part on proximal pole side.
*
Epilobium pyrricholophum(618)
*
Epilobium amurense subsp. cephalostigma (619)
*
Chamaenerion angustifolium subsp. angustifolium(620)
>
A-2.Without large vestibulum of cylindrical to triangular pyramid shape.
>
E-1.Polar view of grain almost circular, and without prominent pores.
>
F-1.Sculpture psilate.
*
Mitrastemon yamamotoi(816)
>
F-2.Sculpture scabrate.
>
G-1.With an annulus.
>
H-1.Pores in cross section show exine bulges in a round head to form annulus.
*
Celtis sinensis(456)
*
Aphananthe aspera(467)
>
H-2.Pores in cross section show ectexine of exine curves inward in grain.
>
I-1.Ectexine of exine wraps endexine in pores.
*
Cannabis sativa(460)
>
I-2.Ectexine of exine never wraps endexine in pores.
*
Humulus scandens(459)
>
G-2.Annulus undeveloped.
*
Boehmeria nivea var. concolor f. nipononivea(462)
*
Boehmeria spicata(463)
*
Laportea bulbifera(465)
*
Oreocnide pedunculata(467)
*
Debregeasia orientalis(468)
*
Pellionia radicans var. minima(469)
>
F-3.Sculpture rugulate.
>
J-1.Pores with an annulus, and slightly protruding.
*
Coriaria japonica(515)
>
J-2.Annulus underdeveloped.
*
Ribes japonicum(321)
>
F-4.Sculpture echinate.
>
K-1.Protrusions of sculpture consist of spines.
*
Weigela floribunda(1094)
*
Weigela coraeensis(1095)
*
Weigela hortensis(1096)
*
Weigela decora(1097)
>
K-2.Protrusions of sculpture consist of spinules.
>
L-1.Columella cylinder clearly identified by LO analysis, and spinule size 2.0–3.0 μm.
*
Corchoropsis crenata(659)
>
L-2.Cylinder never identified by LO analysis, and spinule size 1.5 μm or less.
>
M-1.Spinules scattered.
*
Campanula punctata var. punctata(1002)
>
M-2.Spinules dense.
*
Wahlenbergia marginata(1004)
>
F-5.Sculpture reticulate.
>
N-1.Grain size 40.0 μm or more.
>
O-1.Size of lumina 1.0 μm or more.
*
Trichosanthes laceribractea(526)
>
O-2.Size of lumina 1.0 μm or less.
*
Trichosanthes cucumeroides(524)
*
Trichosanthes kirilowii var. japonica(525)
>
N-2.Grain size 20.0 μm or less.
*
Aidia henryi(871)
>
E-2.Grain of polar view semi-angular or with projecting pores.
>
P-1.Sculpture psilate.
*
Monotropastrum humile(820)
>
P-2.Sculpture scabrate.
>
Q-1.Arcuate furrow-like dent visible in sculpture.
*
Platycarya strobilacea(493)
>
Q-2.Pores in cross section show ectexine of exine that forms protrusion is thickened, and endexine does not extend to base of protrusion of pore and forms atrium. Minute protrusions scattered at boundary.
*
Morella rubra(489)
*
Myrica gale var. tomentosa(490)
>
P-3.Sculpture rugulate.
>
R-1.Shape subprolate or prolate, and with markedly prominent pores.
*
Sonneratia alba(610)
>
R-2.R-2. Shape suboblate to oblate.
>
S-1.Pores in cross section show exine of protrusion consists of ectexine and endexine, and exine not separated.
*
Corylus heterophylla var. thunbergii(494)
*
Corylus sieboldiana var. sieboldiana(495)
>
S-2.Pores in cross section show exine of protrusion separates into ectexine and endexine and forms vestibulum.
*
Betula platyphylla var. japonica(496)
*
Betula ermanii(497)
*
Betula shikokiana(498)
*
Betula maximowicziana(499)
*
Betula grossa(500)
*
Betula ovalifolia(501)
*
Betula apoiensis(502)
>
S-3.Pores in cross section show exine of protrusion consists only of ectexine, which is never thickened, and endexine extends to base of protrusion.
*
Carpinus cordata(503)
*
Carpinus japonica(504)
*
Carpinus laxiflora(505)
*
Carpinus turczaninovii(506)
*
Ostrya japonica(508)
>
P-4.Sculpture a composite type of rugulate and verrucate.
*
Symplocos glauca(804)
>
P-5.Sculpture verrucate.
*
Symplocos lancifolia(805)
>
P-6.Sculpture reticulate.
>
T-1.Size of lumina 5.0 μm or more.
*
Vigna angularis var. angularis(378)
*
Vigna angularis var. nipponensis(379)
*
Vigna unguiculata var. unguiculata(380)
>
T-2.Size of lumina 1.0 μm or less.
*
Cucumis sativus(529)
*
Cucumis melo var. makuwa(530)
*
Cucumis melo var. utilissimus(531)
*
Cucumis melo var. agrestis(532)
>
E-3.Grain angular.
>
U-1.Sculpture verrucate.
*
Helicia cochinchinensis(302)
>
U-2.Sculpture reticulate.
*
Cardiospermum halicacabum var. microcarpum(642)
>
17)Stephanoporate
>
A-1.Spinules distributed almost uniformly on sculpture.
*
Adenophora maximowicziana(1000)
*
Adenophora triphylla var. japonica(1001)
*
Campanula chamissonis(1003)
>
A-2.Spines or spinules never distributed on sculpture.
>
B-1.Polar view subangular to semi-lobate, and pores located at each ridge and arranged such that two pairs formed above and below equator.
*
Dumasia truncata(382)
>
B-2.Polar view polygonal to almost circular.
>
C-1.Equatorial view oblate.
>
D-1.Sculpture a coarse rugulate like brain wrinkles, or reticulate
>
E-1.Ectexine of exine around pores thickened and forms an annulus, pores protrude slightly, and ridges distinct in polar view.
*
Zelkova serrata(455)
>
E-2.Thickening of ectexine of exine around pore is slight, and pores never protrude much. In polar view, ridges indistinct and slightly circular in shape.
*
Ulmus davidiana var. japonica(452)
*
Ulmus parvifolia(453)
*
Ulmus laciniata(454)
>
D-2.Sculpture coarse verrucate, pores slightly protruding, and ridges distinct in polar view.
*
Hemiptelea davidii(1145)
>
D-3.Sculpture rugulate, and pores prominent.
>
F-1.With an arcus, and in cross section of pore, exine of protrusion separated from ectexine and endexine to form a vestibulum.
>
G-1.Arcus thick and distinct, and in vestibulum, separation of ectexine and endexine is large.
*
Alnus japonica(509)
*
Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica(510)
>
G-2.Arcus thin and often indistinct, and in vestibulum, separation of ectexine and endexine is small.
*
Alnus pendula(511)
*
Alnus alnobetula subsp. maximowiczii (512)
*
Alnus sieboldiana(513)
*
Alnus firma(514)
>
F-2.Without an arcus, exine of protrusion consists only of ectexine in cross section of pore and endexine extends to base of pore protrusion, and ectexine of protrusion never thickened.
*
Carpinus tschonoskii(507)
>
D-4.Sculpture scabrate, protrusions evenly distributed, protrusions of pores weak, and exine around pores never thickened.
>
H-1.Most of pores arranged on equatorial plane, but one to several unevenly opened on one hemisphere. <Indicating heteropolar>.
*
Juglans mandshurica var. sachalinensis(491) →Extremely rare for pores to be arranged only on equatorial plane.
>
H-2.Pores arranged on equatorial plane.
*
Pterocarya rhoifolia(492) →Often, for example in Juglans pollen, one to several pores open unevenly on one hemisphere.
>
C-2.Grains spheroidal to suboblate in equatorial view.
>
I-1.Sculpture baculate, height of cylinder decreases around pore, and shape of pore is circular.
*
Theligonum japonicum(859)
>
I-2.Sculpture gemmate or verrucate, with various forms of gemmae or verrucae mixed, and opening of pore slightly indistinct.
*
Asarum nipponicum var. nipponicum(66)
*
Asarum caulescens(67)
*
Asarum sieboldii(68)
*
Asarum asaroides(69)
*
Asarum asperum(70)
*
Asarum variegatum(71)
>
I-3.Sculpture almost uniform verrucate.
*
Chionographis japonica(103)
*
Chionographis koidzumiana(104)
>
I-4.Sculpture rugulate to scabrate, pores elliptical and long in meridian direction, and exine around pores is thickened.
>
J-1.Pores protrude conspicuously.
>
K-1.Exine 2.5 μm thick.
*
Gonocarpus micranthus(341)
>
K-2.Exine 2.0 μm thick or less.
*
Myriophyllum spicatum(342)
>
J-2.Pore protrusion is slight.
*
Myriophyllum verticillatum(343)
>
B-3.Shape arrowhead to bullet-shaped, pores indistinct but with one on bottom of bullet and multiple pores on sides, and shape of lateral pores elliptical to oblong, sometimes furrow-shaped. <Indicates heteropolar>.
>
L-1.Surface pattern of sculpture coarser in pores than in peripheral part, and covered with granules to verrucae.
*
Cyperus flavidus(179)
*
Trichophorum alpinum(180)
*
Scirpus wichurae(181)
*
Schoenoplectiella hotarui(182)
*
Schoenoplectus triqueter(183)
*
Eriophorum vaginatum(184)
*
Eriophorum gracile(185)
*
Eleocharis kuroguwai(187)
*
Eleocharis acicularis var. longiseta (188)
*
Rhynchospora japonica var. japonica(189)
*
Carex doenitzii(190)
*
Carex reinii(191)
*
Carex nervata(192)
*
Carex multifolia var. multifolia(193)
*
Carex conica(194)
*
Carex morrowii var. morrowii(195)
*
Carex wahuensis var. bongardii(196)
*
Carex dispalata(197)
>
L-2.Surface pattern of sculpture between the pore and the surrounding area almost same and covered with scabrae.
*
Fimbristylis littoralis(186)
>
18)Periporate
>
A-1.Sculpture baculate.
>
B-1.With an annulus.
>
C-1.Granules scattered on upper surface of pores.
*
Sagina japonica(710)
*
Pseudostellaria heterantha(711)
*
Cerastium schizopetalum var. schizopetalum(712)
*
Cerastium fontanum subsp. vulgare var. angustifolium(713)
*
Cerastium pauciflorum var. amurense(714)
*
Stellaria aquatica(715)
*
Stellaria monosperma var. japonica(716)
*
Dianthus superbus var. longicalycinus(717)
*
Lychnis miqueliana(718)
*
Silene repens var. apoiensis(719)
*
Silene foliosa(720)
*
Atocion armeria(721)
>
C-2.Granules never scattered on upper surface of pores.
*
Celosia argentea(734)
>
B-2.Without an annulus.
>
D-1.Small bacula densely arranged, and large bacula scattered among them.
*
Linum stelleroides(592)
>
D-2.Bacula arranged almost uniformly, and granules scattered on upper surface of pores.
*
Calystegia hederacea(894)
>
A-2.Sculpture gemmate.
*
Ipomoea alba(899)
>
A-3.Sculpture verrucate.
>
E-1.With an annulus.
*
Plantago lanceolata(925)
>
E-2.Without an annulus.
*
Plantago asiatica(924)
>
A-4.Sculpture echinate.
>
F-1.Grain size very large.
>
G-1.Spine height 15.0 μm or more.
*
Abelmoschus manihot (663)
*
Hibiscus mutabilis(664)
*
Hibiscus hamabo(665)
*
Hibiscus syriacus(666)
>
G-2.Spine height 10.0–13.0 μm, 3–5 spines arranged around each pore, and columellae layer developed around pores to form muri.
*
Ipomoea pes-caprae(895)
*
Ipomoea indica(896)
*
Ipomoea batatas(897)
*
Ipomoea quamoclit(898)
>
G-3.Height of spines 5.0–7.0 μm.
>
H-1.Spines scattered in sculpture, spinules of 1.0 μm or less densely packed, and pores approximately 18.0 μm in diameter, each with an operculum.
*
Cucurbita maxima(533)
>
H-2.Spinules never distributed in sculpture.
*
Alcea rosea(662)
>
G-4.Without spines, and spinules densely packed.
*
Mirabilis jalapa(740)
>
F-2.Grain size large. Spine height 3.0–4.0 μm.
*
Sida rhombifolia subsp. rhombifolia(661)
>
F-3.Grain size small to medium, with spinules, pores slightly indistinct, and spinules distributed on upper surface of pores.
*
Sagittaria trifolia(85)
*
Sagittaria pygmaea(86)
*
Sagittaria aginashi(87)
>
A-5.Sculpture rugulate.
*
Polemonium caeruleum subsp. yezoense var. nipponicum(766)
>
A-6.Sculpture reticulate.
>
I-1.Mesh is coarse.
>
J-1.Grain shape regular dodecahedrons, ridges form muri, and each murus consists of a row of bacula.
*
Alternanthera sessilis(735)
>
J-2.Muri consist of bacula, triangular or quadrangular in cross section.
*
Pachysandra terminalis(306)
>
J-3.Muri consist of two types of bacula, large and small, round in cross section.
*
Phlox subulata(767)
>
J-4.Muri consist of bacula, and gemmae or granules scattered in lumina without pores.
*
Persicaria odorata subsp. conspicua(695)
*
Persicaria hydropiper(696)
*
Persicaria longiseta(697)
*
Persicaria muricata(699)
*
Persicaria praetermissa(700)
*
Persicaria perfoliata(701)
*
Persicaria senticosa(702)
>
I-2.Mesh fine and almost uniform.
>
K-1.Size of pores larger than size of grains. → See also Q-2.
*
Liquidambar formosana(310)
*
Liquidambar styraciflua(311)
>
K-2.Size of pores smaller than size of grains.
*
Diplomorpha ganpi(669)
*
Diplomorpha sikokiana(670)
*
Daphne kiusiana(671)
*
Edgeworthia chrysantha(672)
>
A-7.Sculpture scabrate.
>
L-1.With an annuls.
>
M-1.Pores arranged irregularly.
>
N-1.Grain size medium, and number of pores 10 or more.
*
Trachelospermum asiaticum(883)
>
N-2.Grain size small, and number of pores 10 or less.
*
Macleaya cordata(245)
>
M-2.Pores evenly distributed.
*
Atriplex subcordata(722)
*
Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum(723)
*
Chenopodium ficifolium(724)
*
Dysphania ambrosioides(725)
*
Bassia scoparia(726)
*
Spinacia oleracea(727)
*
Suaeda japonica(728)
*
Achyranthes bidentata var. japonica(729)
*
Amaranthus spinosus(730)
*
Amaranthus blitum(731)
*
Amaranthus viridis(732)
*
Amaranthus hybridus(733)
>
L-2.Without an annulus.
>
O-1.Size of pores larger than size of grain.
>
P-1.Outline of pores distinct.
>
Q-1.Layer of columellae thickened around pores forming low muri and surrounding pores, and granules scattered on upper surface of pores.
*
Alisma canaliculatum(84)
>
Q-2.Layer of columellae never thickened around pores, and granules scattered on upper surface of pores → See also K-1.
*
Liquidambar formosana(310)
*
Liquidambar styraciflua(311)
>
P-2.Outline of pores indistinct, and scabrae distributed throughout the sculpture, including upper surface of pores.
*
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium var. intermedium(280)
*
Thalictrum foetidum var. glabrescens(281)
*
Thalictrum minus var. hypoleucum(282)
*
Thalictrum tuberiferum(283)
*
Thalictrum watanabei(284)
*
Clematis stans(271)
>
O-2.Size of pores smaller than size of grains, pore outline indistinct, and sculpture may be slightly rugulate.
*
Buxus microphylla var. microphylla(304)
*
Buxus microphylla var. japonica(305)
>
19)Syncolpate
>
A-1.Furrow arranges pollen spirally or irregularly around it.
>
B-1.Spinules of approximately 1.0 μm high distributed in sculpture.
*
Eriocaulon miquelianum(175)
*
Eriocaulon taquetii(176)
*
Eriocaulon nudicuspe(177)
>
B-2.Sculpture perforate or fossulate, and spinules never distributed.
*
Berberis thunbergii(257)
*
Berberis amurensis(258)
*
Berberis fortunei(259)
>
A-2.Furrows arranged along direction of polar axis.
>
C-1.Furrows fuse near poles.
>
D-1.Germinal aperture colporate.
>
E-1.Sculpture reticulate.
*
Peristrophe japonica var. subrotunda(984)
>
E-2.Sculpture scabrate.
>
F-1.Endoaperture protrudes, and with a costa.
*
Lycianthes biflora(907)
>
F-2.Endoaperture never protrudes.
*
Rotala indica(606)
>
E-3.Sculpture psilate.
*
Ardisia crispa(777)
>
D-2.Germinal aperture colpate.
>
G-1.Number of furrows 3.
>
H-1.With independent region surrounded by furrows near poles.
>
I-1.Sculpture striate.
*
Nymphoides peltata(1008)
>
I-2.Sculpture verrucate.
*
Nymphoides indica(1007)
>
I-3.Sculpture fine reticulate.
*
Primula nipponica(779)
*
Primula cuneifolia var. cuneifolia(780)
*
Primula farinosa subsp. modesta var. modesta(781)
>
H-2.Without independent region surrounded by furrows near poles.
>
J-1.Sculpture fine reticulate.
*
Primula kisoana Miq. var. shikokiana(783)
>
J-2.Sculpture psilate.
*
Primula farinosa subsp. modesta var. fauriei(782)
*
Pedicularis resupinata subsp. oppositifolia(975)
*
Pedicularis japonica(976)
>
G-2.Number of furrows 6, and 3 furrows extend in polar direction and never fuse.
*
Kadsura japonica(57)
*
Schisandra chinensis(58)
>
C-2.Furrows arranged irregularly, and spinules distributed in sculpture.
*
Clerodendrum japonicum(936)
>
A-3.Number of furrows 4–6, arranged evenly over entire surface.
>
20)Heterocolpate
>
A-1.Number of furrows 6 and pores 3.
>
B-1.Sculpture striate, and furrows covered with granules.
*
Lythrum anceps(609)
>
B-2.Sculpture psilate.
>
C-1.Pore diameter 3.0 μm or less.
*
Melastoma candidum(623)
>
C-2.Pore diameter 4.0 μm or more.
*
Heliotropium arboreum(886)
>
A-2.Number of furrows 8 or more, and pores 3–4.
>
D-1.Sculpture striate to rugulate.
*
Ammannia multiflora(608)
>
D-2.Sculpture scabrate.
*
Ammannia coccinea(607)
>
D-3.Sculpture reticulate, and furrows without pores merge in both polar directions. → See also syncolpate.
*
Peristrophe japonica var. subrotunda(984)
>
21)Fenestrate
>
A-1.Sculpture echinate, spines fuse to form ridges, and ridges form huge mesh.
*
Picris hieracioides subsp. japonica(1067)
*
Hypochaeris crepidioides(1068)
*
Youngia japonica(1069)
*
Crepidiastrum denticulatum(1070)
*
Taraxacum albidum(1071)
*
Taraxacum officinale(1072)
*
Sonchus oleraceus(1073)
*
Nabalus acerifolius(1074)
*
Hololeion krameri(1075)
>
22)Dyads
>
A-1.Single grain inaperturate, and sculpture reticulate.
*
Scheuchzeria palustris(90)
>
23)Tetrads
>
A-1.Sculpture reticulate, individual grains monoporate, often uniplanar, with all members lying in same plane.
*
Typha latifolia(170)
>
A-2.Sculpture echinate, and surface of each grain densely covered with spinules of different lengths (short and long) on distal pole side.
*
Drosera spatulata(708)
*
Drosera rotundifolia(709)
>
A-3.Sculpture psilate, scabrate, or verrucate.
>
B-1.Individual grains inaperturate, and exine extremely thin.
*
Luzula plumosa subsp. plumosa(178)
>
B-2.Individual grains not inaperturate.
>
C-1.Individual grains triporate, and annulus developed.
*
Gardenia jasminoides(866)
>
C-2.Individual grains tricolporate.
>
D-1.With viscin thread.
*
Elliottia paniculata(837)
*
Rhododendron quinquefolium(838)
*
Rhododendron pentaphyllum var. shikokianum(839)
*
Rhododendron lagopus var. lagopus(840)
*
Rhododendron keiskei(841)
*
Rhododendron japonoheptamerum var. hondoense(842)
*
Rhododendron aureum(843)
*
Rhododendron tosaense(844)
*
Rhododendron kaempferi var. kaempferi(845)
*
Rhododendron macrosepalum(846)
*
Rhododendron dilatatum var. decandrum(847)
*
Rhododendron ripense(848)
*
Rhododendron nudipes(849)
*
Rhododendron weyrichii(850)
*
Rhododendron pentandrum(851)
*
Rhododendron benhallii(852)
*
Therorhodion camtschaticum(853)
*
Epigaea asiatica(854)
*
Phyllodoce nipponica(855)
*
Phyllodoce aleutica(856)
*
Phyllodoce caerulea(857)
>
D-2.Without viscin thread.
*
Pyrola renifolia(817)
*
Pyrola incarnata(818)
*
Pyrola japonica(819)
*
Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum(821)
*
Ledum palustre subsp. palustre var. decumbens(825)
*
Loiseleuria procumbens(826)
*
Bryanthus gmelinii(827)
*
Cassiope lycopodioides(828)
*
Andromeda polifolia(829)
*
Harrimanella stelleriana(830)
*
Pieris japonica subsp. japonica(831)
*
Lyonia ovalifolia var. elliptica(832)
*
Gaultheria adenothrix(833)
*
Vaccinium ovalifolium(834)
*
Vaccinium uliginosum var. japonicum(835)
*
Vaccinium vitis-idaea(836)
>
24)Polyads
>
A-1.Grains consist of 16 polyads, exine tectate, and sculpture scabrate.
*
Albizia julibrissin(351)